Crystal engineering : a textbook

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Content: Intro Contents Preface Acknowledgements Copyright Permissions 1 Crystal Engineering 1.1 X-ray Crystallography 1.2 Organic Solid State Chemistry 1.3 The Crystal as a Supramolecular Entity 1.4 Modern Crystal Engineering 1.4.1 Horizontal and Vertical Divisions of Chemistry 1.4.2 Organic Crystal Engineering 1.4.3 Metal-Organic Crystal Engineering 1.4.4 Properties of Crystals 1.5 Summary 1.6 Further Reading 1.7 Problems 2 Intermolecular Interactions 2.1 General Properties 2.2 van der Waals Interactions 2.2.1 Close Packing 2.3 Hydrogen Bonds 2.3.1 Weak Hydrogen Bonds. 2.3.2 Hierarchies of Hydrogen Bonds2.4 Halogen Bonds 2.5 Other Interactions 2.6 Methods of Study of Interactions 2.6.1 Crystallography 2.6.2 Crystallographic Databases 2.6.2.1 Graph Sets 2.6.3 Spectroscopy 2.6.4 Computational Methods 2.6.4.1 Crystal Structure Prediction 2.7 Analysis of Typical Crystal Structures 2.8 Summary 2.9 Further Reading 2.10 Problems 3 Crystal Design Strategies 3.1 Synthesis in Chemistry 3.2 Supramolecular Chemistry 3.3 The Synthon in Crystal Engineering 3.3.1 Some Representative Synthons 3.3.2 The Carboxyl Dimer Synthon. 3.3.3 Structural Insulation in Crystal Engineering3.3.4 Discovery of New Synthons 3.3.5 Two-dimensional Patterns 3.3.6 Higher Dimensional Control 3.3.7 Coordination Polymers as Networks 3.3.8 Useful Synthons 3.4 Summary 3.5 Further Reading 3.6 Problems 4 Crystallization and Crystal Growth 4.1 Crystallization of Organic Solids 4.1.1 Solution Crystallization 4.1.1.1 Antisolvent Crystallization 4.1.2 Melt Crystallization 4.1.3 Sublimation 4.1.4 Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Crystallization 4.1.5 Crystallization from a Solid Phase. 4.1.5.1 Single Crystal to Single Crystal (SCSC) Transformations4.1.5.2 Mechanochemistry 4.1.6 Crystallization of Chiral Solids 4.2 Nucleation 4.2.1 Nucleation as Distinct from Crystal Growth 4.3 Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Crystallization 4.4 Crystal Growth 4.4.1 The Terrace-Ledge-Kink Model of Crystal Growth 4.4.2 Two-dimensional Nucleation versus Growth at Dislocations 4.4.3 Ostwald Ripening 4.5 Crystal Morphology and Habit 4.5.1 Crystal Morphology and Crystal Symmetry 4.6 Crystal Morphology Engineering 4.6.1 Tailor-made Inhibitors. 4.7 Why is it that all Compounds donâ#x80 #x99 t seem to Crystallize Equally Well or Equally Quickly?4.8 Summary 4.9 Further Reading 4.10 Problems 5 Polymorphism 5.1 What is Polymorphism? 5.1.1 Polymorphism and the Pharmaceutical Industry 5.1.2 Some Simple Definitions 5.2 Occurrence of Polymorphism 5.2.1 Polymorphism and Intermolecular Interactions 5.3 Thermodynamics of Polymorphism 5.3.1 Free Energy Diagrams and Stability of Polymorphs 5.3.2 Monotropes and Enantiotropes 5.3.2.1 Burger-Ramberger Rules 5.3.2.2 Distinguishing between Enantiotropes and Monotropes 5.4 Thermodynamics versus Kinetics and the Formation of Polymorphs.