Handbook of Sport Psychology

Description

The fourth edition of a classic, leading resource for the field of sport, exercise, and performance psychology Now expanded to two volumes, and featuring a wealth of new chapters from highly respected scholars in the field, this all-new edition of the Handbook of Sports Psychology draws on an international roster of experts and scholars in the field who have assembled state-of-the-art knowledge into this thorough, well-rounded, and accessible volume. Endorsed by the International Society of Sport Psychology, it represents an invaluable source of theoretical and practical information on our understanding of the role of psychology in sport, exercise, and performance―and how that understanding can be applied in order to improve real-world outcomes. Presented in eight parts, the Handbook of Sports Psychology, 4th Edition adds new material on emerging areas such as mindfulness, brain mapping, self-consciousness, and mental toughness, and covers special topics such as gender and cultural diversity, athletes with disabilities, and alcohol and drug use in sports. In addition, it covers classic topics such as what motivates an athlete to perform; why do some choke under pressure; how do top performers handle leadership roles; what does one do to mentally train; how an athlete deals with injury; and much more. Fourth edition of the most influential reference work for the field of sport psychologyNew coverage includes mindfulness in sport and exercise psychology, ethics, mental toughness, sport socialization, and making use of brain technologies in practice Endorsed by the International Society of Sport Psychology (ISSP) Handbook of Sports Psychology, 4th Edition is an indispensable resource for any student or professional interested in the field of sports psychology. Cover Volume I Title Page Copyright Page Contents Foreword: From the First (1993) to the Fourth (2008) Editions of the Handbook of Sport Psychology Authors List Reviewer List Part 1 Motivation Chapter 1 Theory of Planned Behavior Theory Overview Research Findings Moderator Variables Using the TRA/TPB/RAA to Change Behavior Conclusions References Chapter 2 Putting Individual Motivations into the Societal Context: The Influence of Social Stereotypes in the Physical Activity Domain Effects of Stereotypes on Behaviors: Multiple Pathways of Influence Sex Stereotypes Age Stereotypes Weight-Based Stereotypes Perspectives of Interventions Summary and Future Directions Conclusion: Bridging Stereotype Models with Socio-Cognitive Models of Behavior Change References Chapter 3 Self-Determination Theory in Sport and Exercise Introduction The Six Mini-Theories of Self-Determination Theory Practical Applications Future Directions Conclusion References Chapter 4 Efficacy Beliefs in Physical Activity Settings: Contemporary Debate and Unanswered Questions Theoretical and Empirical Review Contemporary Debate and Unanswered Questions Conclusion References Part 2 Individual Differences Chapter 5 Genetics and Motor Performance Introduction Basic Terms in Genetics Heritability of Performance-Related Traits Heritability of Motor Performance–Related Traits Creativity Genetic Variability and Performance-Related Traits Future Directions Closing Remarks References Chapter 6 Mental Toughness: Taking Stock and Considering New Horizons Bibliometric Analysis of the Literature on Mental Toughness Conceptualizing and Operationalizing Mental Toughness Moving Forward: Toward a Renewed Research Agenda Conclusions References Chapter 7 Perfectionism in Sport, Dance, and Exercise: An Extended Review and Reanalysis Perfectionism and the Hierarchical Model of Perfectionism An Independent Effects Approach to Perfectionism in Sport, Dance, and Exercise Research Adopting an Independent Effects Approach The Tripartite Model of Perfectionism in Sport, Dance, and Exercise Research Examining the Tripartite Model of Perfectionism in Sport, Dance, and Exercise The 2 × 2 Model of Perfectionism in Sport, Dance, and Exercis Details of the Reanalysis of Research Using the 2 × 2 Model Results of the Reanalysis of Research Using the 2 × 2 Model Observations Regarding the Findings of the Reanalysis Perfectionism Paradox in Sport, Dance, and Exercise Concluding Comments References Chapter 8 Self-Compassion in Sport and Exercise What Is Self-Compassion? Measurement of Self-Compassion Self-Compassion in Sport and Exercise: Empirical Findings Future Directions and Considerations Conclusion References Chapter 9 High-Risk Sports Risk High-Risk Sports Early Research Sensation Seeking Self-Regulation Anxiety Regulation Alexithymia Agentic Emotion Regulation Theory Self-Esteem Benefits—Beyond Self-Determination Theory Risk-Taking in High-Risk Sports Other Issues and Future Directions Summary and Concluding Remarks References Chapter 10 Self-Presentation in Sport and Exercise History of Self-Presentation Research The 2 × 2 Framework for Self-Presentation Motivation for Physical Activity Self-Presentation Motives and SDT Applications and Research Opportunities References Chapter 11 Theory and Research in Passion for Sport and Exercise The Concept of Passion The Dualistic Model of Passion Research in Passion for Sport and Exercise On the Development of Passion Future Research Directions Summary and Conclusions References Part 3 Emotions Chapter 12 Affective Responses to Exercise History History in Psychology Critical Appraisal and Overhaul of the Standard Exercise‐Affect Research Paradigm Summary of Current Evidence Recapitulation and Future Direction References Chapter 13 Emotion and Sport Performance Foundations for the Study of Emotion and Sport Performance Theoretical Bases of Emotion and Sport Performance Integrative Model of Stress, Attention, and Human Performance Mechanisms Underlying the Impact of Emotions on Performance Current Emphases, Implications, and Recommendations for Future Research Conclusion References Chapter 14 Self-Conscious Emotions in Sport and Exercise Overview of Emotions Domain-Specific Self-Conscious Emotions: The Physical Self Negatively-Valenced Self-Conscious Emotions: Shame, Embarrassment, Guilt, and Envy Positively Valenced Self-Conscious Emotions: Global and Body‐Related Pride Conceptual and Measurement Considerations of Self‐Conscious Emotions Additional Factors to Consider in the Study of Self‐Conscious Emotions Conclusion References Part 4 The Self and the Team Chapter 15 Psychology of Group Dynamics: Key Considerations and Recent Developments Introduction Future Research Conclusion References Chapter 16 Leadership in Sport Mediational Model of Leadership Multidimensional Model of Leadership Other Leadership Models within Sport Transformational Leadership Endogeneity Ways to Ensure Internal Validity of Studies Tackle Endogeneity with Instrumental Variables The Way to Get the Gist of Leaders' Behaviors Conclusion References Chapter 17 Köhler Effect and Social Comparison: Performance in Teams with Real and Virtual Partners Introduction Group Motivation Gain Research: A Theoretical Overview Köhler Effect in Sport Teams Köhler Effect in Exercise and Training Future Research Conclusion References Chapter 18 Moral Behavior in Sport: Reviewing Recent Research and Envisioning a Possible Future Recent Research on Moral Behavior in Sport Envisioning the Future Summary and Conclusion References Chapter 19 Peers and the Sport Experience Definitions and Conceptual Perspectives Empirical Research on Peers in Sport Key Knowledge Gaps Conclusion References Chapter 20 Positive Youth Development Through Sport Acknowledgment Introduction Life Skills Conclusion References Chapter 27 Social Support in Sport A Brief History of Social Support Definitions and Conceptualizations of Social Support The Measurement of Social Support The Effects of Social Support in Sport Factors That Moderate the Effectiveness of Social Support Components of Perceived Support Practical Implications Future Research Summary References Part 5 Cognition and Expertise Chapter 22 Expertise in Sport: The State of the Art Introduction Expertise in Sport: Nature or Nurture? A Conceptual Framework of the Developmental Pathway to Expertise in Sport Summary of Conceptual Framework of the Developmental Pathway to Expertise in Sport Limitations and Future Research Directions for the Study of Expertise in Sport An Expert Team Might Be More Than a Team of Experts Conclusion References Chapter 23 The Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience of Superior Athletic Performance Introduction Neural, Psychomotor, and Net Efficiency Measurement of Brain Dynamics Cognitive Inference from Brain Activity Brain Dynamics in Expert-Novice Comparisons Practice-Induced Changes in Brain Dynamics Impact of Mental Stress on Brain Dynamics and Performance Brain Processes Underlying Resilience to Mental Stress The Influence of Trust and Team Dynamics on Brain Processes and Performance Summary and Future Directions References Chapter 24 Mental Representation in Action: A Cognitive Architecture Approach Introduction Representation of Motor Acts Cognitive Architecture of Motor Action Building Blocks and Measurement of Mental Representation in Sport Mental Representation and Learning in Sport Cognitive Architecture Approach for Applied Sport Psychology New Pathways for an Individualized Mental Training Mental Representation and Cognitive Technologies in Sport Conclusions References Chapter 25 Cognition, Emotion and Action in Sport: An Ecological Dynamics Perspective Introduction An Ecological Dynamics Rationale for Cognition and Action in Sport: Historical Development Anticipating, Knowing, and Deciding in Sport Conclusion References Chapter 26 New Perspectives on Deliberate Practice and the Development of Sport Expertise Origins of the Deliberate Practice Framework Research on Deliberate Practice in Sport Renewed Focus on the Importance of Early Periods of Development Advancing Deliberate Practice Concluding Thoughts: Future Work on DP Acknowledgments References Chapter 27 Early Sport Specialization and Sampling Early Specialization andEarly Sampling Early Specialization or Early Sampling? A Look at the Outcomes Mechanisms and Processes That Support Early Specialization and Early Sampling Optimizing Development in Sport: Diversity and Play Methodological Approaches for the Study of Expertise Development in Sport Practical Applications of Developmental Research in Sport Conclusion References Chapter 28 Attentional Theories of Choking Under Pressure Revisited Introduction How Should Choking Be Defined? The "Turning Toward" Theories of Choking The "Turning Away" Theories of Choking Research Evidence Recent Critiques Attempts at Integration Where Do We Go From Here? References Chapter 29 Team Mental Models: Theory, Empirical Evidence, and Applied Implications Terminology and Operational Definition Reflective Indicators and Formative Function Reflective Function: A 2 × 2 Matrix of Shared and Complementary Mental Models Conceptual Taxonomy Measurement Considerations Theoretical Roots Empirical Evidence Nomological Network Applied Recommendations Concluding Summary and Outlook References Chapter 30 Creativity: The Emergence of a New Dimension of Sport Expertise Introduction to the Concept of Creativity Creativity as a Sport-Specific Skill Conceptual Model Future Research Directions Conclusion References Part 6 Interventions and Performance Enhancement Chapter 31 Optimizing Attentional Focus Summary References Chapter 32 Using Brain Technologies in Practice Multimodal and Multidimensional Interventions in Sport Psychophysiology Neurotechnology: From the Laboratory to the Field Neural Processes Underlying Performance in Athletes Monitoring Brain Activity Before, During, and After Performance Brain-Computer Interface and Neurofeedback Brain Stimulation Ethical Considerations and Future Directions References Chapter 33 Eating Disorders in Sport: From Etiology to Prevention Introduction ED/DE Prevalence Among Athletes Petrie and Greenleaf (2012) Sociocultural Model Prevention Programming Recommendations for Future Research Summary and Conclusions References Chapter 34 Sport Injuries and Psychological Sequelae Sport Injuries and Theories of Psychological Sequelae Sport Injury Lifespans and Research on Psychological Sequelae Assessment and Interventions for Sport Injury and Psychological Sequelae Conclusions Concerning Sport Injuries and Psychological Sequelae References Chapter 35 Mindfulness in Sport Contexts Defining Mindfulness The Cognitive Neuroscience of Mindfulness Mindfulness- and Acceptance-Based Interventions Measuring Mindfulness Future Considerations Conclusion References Chapter 36 Ethical Issues Impacting the Profession of Sport Psychology Ethics in Sport Psychology Introduction Ethical Challenges in Applied Sport Psychology Core Ethical Principles Ethical Challenges and Dilemmas in Sport Psychology Teaching Settings Ethics in Research Within Sport Psychology Ethical Issues Associated with Research Design and Implementation in Sport Psychology Conclusion References Volume II Title Page Copyright Page Contents Foreword: From the First (1993) to the Fourth (2008) Editions of the Handbook of Sport Psychology Authors List Reviewer List Part 7 Exercise as a Medicine Chapter 37 Physical Activity Promotion Introduction History of Ecological Models for Physical Activity Promotion Utility of Ecological Models for Physical Activity Promotion Interpersonal/Social Approaches to Behavior Change Community and Environmental Approaches to Behavior Change Studies Supporting the Use of Environmental Models Summary References Chapter 38 Chronic Exercise and Cognitive Function: A Historical View Signal Detection Stage: 1950-1998 Understanding the Nature of the Effects: 1999-2008 Further Understanding the Nuances of the Effects: 2009 to Present Future Direction and Prospects Conclusion References Chapter 39 Brain Changes in Response to Exercise The Brain During Physical Activity Methodologies for Identifying the Physiological Effects of Physical Exercise Physiology of Changes in the Brain via Physical Exercise Effects of Physical Activity and Exercise on Brain Function Brain Plasticity Through Motor Skill Learning Summary and Future Directions References Chapter 40 The Unique Contribution of Physical Activity to Successful Cognitive Aging Introduction Bidirectional Relationship between Physical Activity and Cognition in Aging Joint Trajectories of Physical (In)Activity and Cognitive Aging: Prospective Research Sport and Successful Cognitive Aging: Evidence from Studies with Master Athletes Beyond the Quantity/Quality Dichotomy in the Study of Exercise‐Cognition Interaction: Interventional Research in Aging Why Physical Exercise Benefits Cognition in the Elderly: Mediation Paths in the Aging Brain Cognition, Functional Mobility, and Dual-Task Training for the Elderly: Training for Quality of Life Walkability and Greenness Matter in Cognitive Aging: Evidence on Built and Natural Environments From Neuroscience to Multisectoral Policies: Future Scientific and Translational Directions References Chapter 41 Exercise and Multiple Sclerosis: Benefits, Participation Rates, Determinants, and Opportunities Introduction State of Science New Opportunities Next Steps Summary References Chapter 42 The Effects of Exercise on Anxiety and Depression Introduction Anxiolytic Effects of Exercise Antidepressive Effects of Exercise Explanations for the Antidepressive and Anxiolytic Effects of Exercise Summary and Future Directions References Chapter 43 Physical Activity and Recovery from Breast Cancer Introduction Breast Cancer Summary References Part 8 Exercise Engagement and Effort Chapter 44 Progression of Motivation Models in Exercise Science: Where We Have Been and Where We Are Heading Where We Have Been: Physical Activity Motivation as Expectancy‐Value Models Conclusion References Chapter 45 Music-Related Interventions in the Exercise Domain: A Theory-Based Approach Introduction The Music-in-Exercise Phenomenon Delineating the Effects of Music Applied Recommendations Conclusions References Chapter 46 Perceived Exertion: Dynamic Psychobiological Model of Exercise-Induced Fatigue Introduction Psychobiological Models in the Study of PE The Dynamic Psychobiological Model of Exercise-Induced Fatigue PE Dynamics—What We Have Learned So Far Contributions of the Dynamic Approach to PE Summary Acknowledgments References Chapter 47 The Automatic Basis of Exercise Behavior: Do You Like Exercising? Background Automaticity Automatic Evaluation and Behavior Implicit Measures Automatic Evaluations of Exercise and Exercise Behavior Expanding Theoretical Horizons: Affective-Reflective Theory of Physical Inactivity and Exercise Conclusion References Chapter 48 Habit in Exercise Behavior What Is "Exercise Habit"? What Are the Benefits of Exercise Habits? How Do Exercise Habits Form? Summary and Conclusion References Part 9 Measurement and Methodologies Chapter 49 Qualitative Research What Is Qualitative Research? The Paradigmatic Substructure of Qualitative Research Characteristics of Qualitative Research Qualitative Approaches Qualitative Data Collection Qualitative Analysis Communicating Research Problems, Misunderstandings, Opportunities, and Strengths Expanding Data Collection Methods and Triangulation Closing Thoughts Acknowledgment References Chapter 50 Doing SEM Bayesian-Style: New Opportunities for Sport and Exercise Psychology Acknowledgment Introduction Core Principles of Bayesian SEM Bayesian SEM with Challenging Modeling Conditions Conclusions and Recommendations References Chapter 51 Modern Factor Analytic Techniques: Bifactor Models, Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM), and Bifactor-ESEM Limitations and Myths Related to the CFA Model ESEM and Psychometric Multidimensionality Estimation of ESEM, Bifactor, and Bifactor-ESEM Models Limitations, Solutions, and Directions for Future Research Summary Acknowledgments References Chapter 52 Multilevel Designs and Modeling in Sport and Exercise Psychology: Riding the Current Wave and Looking Beyond at the Horizon Part 1: Introduction to Longitudinal Multilevel Designs Part 2: Two Ways of Analyzing Multilevel Data Types of Research Questions in Multilevel Regression Part 3: Introduction to Group‐Based Multilevel Designs Part 4: Analyzing Group and Dyadic Multilevel Data Group-Based Multilevel Regression for Dyads Part 5: Important Considerations and Future Directions Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 53 Case Study Approaches in Sport and Exercise Psychology Introduction Defining a Case Defining Case Studies Case Studies in Psychology Case Studies in Applied Sport and Exercise Psychology Practice Research Case Studies The Practitioner as a Researcher Published Case Studies in Sport and Exercise Psychology Summary References Part 10 Special Topics Chapter 54 Performance Psychology: A Guiding Framework for Sport Psychology What Is Performance Psychology, and How Is It Different from Sport Psychology? A Structure of Performance Psychology for Sports A Guiding Conceptual Framework Building Blocks of Performance How Findings in Performance Psychology Can Have an Impact on Sport Psychology and Vice Versa Acknowledgments References Chapter 55 Gender and Culture Introduction Gender and Culture: Basics and a Guiding Framework Gender and Cultural Diversity in Sport and Physical Activity Gender and Cultural Diversity in Sport Psychology Gender Scholarship in Sport Psychology Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Race and Ethnicity Physicality and Weight Bias Returning to the Guiding Framework—Moving Toward Social Justice Conclusions References Chapter 56 Disability and Sport Psychology Introduction Conclusions Athletic Identity and Disability Sport Summary and Future Directions References Chapter 57 Performance- and Appearance-Enhancing Drug Use in Sports: A Psychological Perspective Introduction Performance- and Appearance-Enhancing Drugs: Definition, Prevalence, and Health Implications Summary References Chapter 58 Psychological Aspects in Sport Concussions Overview of Concussion Management and Treatment of Concussion Psychological Effects of Concussive Injury Summary and Future Work References Chapter 59 Body Language in Sport What Information Does NVB Convey? The Regulation of NVB NVB and Impression Formation How Does the Perception of NVB Influence Observers? NVB in Sports Practical Implications Training NVB for Impression Management in Sports Conclusion References Chapter 60 Athlete Burnout The Incidence and Prevalence of Athlete Burnout Key Athlete Burnout Antecedents and Supporting Studies Summary and Future Research Directions Conclusion References Author Index Subject Index EULA