Place Management and Crime: Ownership and Property Rights as a Source of Social Control

Description

This brief describes the theory and evidence of a form of social control known as place management. Created by property owners, place management is an alternative to the two other domains of social control: formally created by the state and informally created by residents. It helps explain the high concentration of crime and disorder at a relatively small proportion of addresses and facilities. This volume examines the specifics of place management and extends it in three ways: to show how high crime places may radiate crime into their surroundings; to reveal networks of places that create crime hotspot spanning blocks; to demonstrate how networks of place managers influence crime throughout neighborhoods. Finally, it shows that the policy implications of place management extend far beyond the police and should include regulatory policies. About This Book Acknowledgments Contents About the Authors Chapter 1: Places and Crime Social Control Hidden in Plain Sight Place, Place Managers, and Place Management The Concentration of Crime at Places The Argument That Follows References Chapter 2: Why Some Places Are Bad Explanation 0: It’s Random Explanation 1: Reporting Bias Explanation 2: Size Matters Explanation 3: Repeat Victimization Explanation 4: Hot Products Explanation 5: Offender Concentration Explanation 6: Repeat Offenders Explanation 7: Inadequate Guardianship Explanation 8: Poor Handling Explanation 9: Low Informal Social Control Explanation 10: Bad Physical Design Too Many Explanations Appendix: Three Explanations for Proximal Place Crime Concentration References Chapter 3: Place Management Place Managers The Four Functions of Place Management Organization of Space Regulation of Conduct Control of Access Acquisition of Resources Place Management as a Keystone Explanation Organization of Space Regulation of Conduct Control of Access Acquisition of Resources Crime Prevention Within Places Situational Crime Prevention Evidence Situational Prevention Works at Places Conclusions References Chapter 4: Sources of Powers Being Explicit About Sources of Control Powers Defining Forms of Control What Is Community Informal Social Control? X: Actors A: Actions T: Targets G: Goals P: Powers The Source of Power of Place Managers Property Rights Rights That May Be Included in a Bundle of Rights Authority, Power, and Social Control References Chapter 5: Place Manager Failures and Successes Why Some Fail But Most Do Not Controls on Place Managers Failures Conclusions References Chapter 6: The Extended Place Manager I: Crime Radiation Introduction Do Some Facilities Radiate Crime to Their Purlieus? The Diffusion of Crime Control Benefits and Its Implications Direct Evidence for Radiation Conclusions References Chapter 7: The Extended Place Manager II: Hidden Crime-Involved Places and Place Networks Introduction Place Types and Crime Functions Crime Sites Convergence Settings Comfort Spaces Corrupting Spots Networked Places and Violent Crime Hot Spots Tackling Crime-Involved Place Networks Place Network Investigations (PNI) Place Network Investigations Evidence Conclusions References Chapter 8: The Extended Place Manager III: Place Networks for Safety Jane Jacobs’ Eyes on the Street Jane Jacobs’ Constant Succession of Eyes How Place Managers Expand Their Control Implications References Chapter 9: Reducing Crime at High-Crime Places The Limits of Hot Spots Patrols The Advantages of Problem-Oriented Policing The Centrality of Regulation Regulating the Means for Reducing Crime Regulating the Ends of Crime Prevention A Comprehensive Place-Based Strategy References Chapter 10: Rethinking the Forms of Social Control Thinking About Crime and Its Control The Problems of Neighborhood Thinking Forms of Control State Control Place Management Self-Control Interpersonal Control Overlaps and Layers Four Questions References Index