Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Violence

Description

"From assisted suicide and batter women to human trafficking and sex offenders, this guide provides an excellent overview of the state research on interpersonal violence. This set is highly recommended for academic libraries." —John R. M. Lawrence Interpersonal violence is behavior that intentionally threatens, attempts, or actually inflicts harm on another. This violence invades both the public and private spheres of our lives; many times in unexpected and frightening ways. Interpersonal violence is a problem that individuals could experience at any point during the life span—even before birth. Interpersonal violence is experienced not only throughout the life course but also as a global problem in the form of war, genocide, terrorism, and rape of women as a weapon of war. The Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Violence provides accurate, research-supported information to clarify critical issues and educate the public about different forms of interpersonal violence, their incidence and prevalence, theoretical explanations, public policy initiatives, and prevention and intervention strategies. These two volumes contain more than 500 accessible, jargon-fee entries written by experts and provide cross-references to related entries, as well as suggested readings for further information. Key Features Defines key concepts and explains theoretical principles clearly and succinctlyProvides information on current data sets, regional and national organizations specializing in various dimensions of interpersonal violence, and relevant Web sitesServes as a quick reference guide to definitions, statistics, theories, policies, and prevention and intervention programsDiscusses concern with interpersonal violence as a problem across the life span and across culturesAddresses careers in the many fields of interpersonal violence Key Themes Children and YouthCivil and Criminal Legal SystemsInterpersonal Violence—GeneralIntervention and Prevention ProgramsLegislationOrganizations and AgenciesRacial/Ethnic and Cross-Cultural IssuesResearch Methods and Data Collection InstrumentsSexual Violence and AbuseSyndromes, Disorders, and Other Mental Health IssuesTheories and Theoretical PerspectivesViolence Between Intimates/Family Violence The Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Violence is designed for members of the general public who are interested in learning more about various aspects of the problem of interpersonal violence, making it a must-have resource for academic and public libraries. Cover Page Editorial Board Title Page ISBN 1412918006 Contents List of Entries Reader’s Guide Children and Youth Civil and Criminal Legal Systems Interpersonal Violence—General Intervention and Prevention Programs Legislation Organizations and Agencies Racial/Ethnic and Cross-Cultural Issues Research Methods and Data Collection Instruments Sexual Violence and Abuse Syndromes, Disorders, and Other Mental Health Issues Theories and Theoretical Perspectives Violence Between Intimates/ Family Violence About the General Editors Contributors Introduction A ABANDONMENT ABOLITIONIST APPROACH TO PROSTITUTION Policies and Programs Supported by Abolitionists Reducing Violence Against Women Present-Day Advocates ABORTION, SEX-SELECTIVE See GENDERCIDE ABUSE-FOCUSED THERAPY Philosophical Influences Abuse-Focused Therapeutic Interventions ABUSIVE BEHAVIOR INVENTORY ACADEMY ON VIOLENCE AND ABUSE ACID ATTACKS ACROTOMOPHILIA Prevalence Development of Acrotomophilia Practice of Acrotomophilia Body Integrity Identity Disorder ADOPTION AND SAFE FAMILIES ACT OF 1997 ADOPTION ASSISTANCE AND CHILD WELFARE ACT OF 1980 ADULT PROTECTIVE SERVICES ADULT SURVIVORS OF CHILDHOOD ABUSE Types of Effects of Childhood Abuse The Brain’s Response to Abuse and Terror Treatment ADVOCACY Goals of Advocacy Forms of Advocacy Core Values of Advocacy Culturally Competent Advocacy AGENCY/AUTONOMY OF BATTERED WOMEN Research Assessment and Decision Making Implications for Advocacy and Practice AIDS/HIV Transmission of AIDS/HIV Sociological Impact Government Response to the Problem ALCOHOL AND VIOLENCE The Psychoactive Effects of Alcohol The Role of Alcohol in Violent Behavior Alcohol and the Continuum of Violence Sexual Aggression Intimate Partner Violence Experimental Studies of the Alcohol–Violence Link ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE/DEMENTIA The Impact of Dementia and Alzheimer’s on Cases of Abuse AMEND Philosophy Underlying Treatment Victim Advocacy Services AMERICAN HUMANE ASSOCIATION Historical Background AMERICAN PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY ON THE ABUSE OF CHILDREN ANGER MANAGEMENT ANIMAL ABUSE AND CHILD MALTREATMENT OCCURRENCE History of Collaboration Scholarly Study and Research Evidence Clinical and Theoretical Considerations ANIMAL/PET ABUSE ANTI-ABORTION VIOLENCE ANTI-RAPE AND RAPE CRISIS CENTER MOVEMENTS ARMED FORCES, SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN History Rates of Sexual Harassment Training The Complaint Process Risk Factors and Correlates ASIAN & PACIFIC ISLANDER INSTITUTE ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ASIAN/PACIFIC ISLANDER YOUTH VIOLENCE PREVENTION CENTER ASSAULT Simple and Aggravated Assault Consequences ASSAULT, AGGRAVATED ASSAULT, SIMPLE ASSISTED SUICIDE ASSOCIATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF SEXUAL ABUSERS ATHLETES/ATHLETICS Violence Defined Off-Field and On-Field Violence Types of Sports and Violence Race, Gender, and Socioeconomic Factors Fan Violence in Sport ATHLETES/ATHLETICS AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE ATHLETES/ATHLETICS AND VIOLENCE IN SPORT Violence During Sporting Events Athletes’ Violence off the Playing Field Athletes and Violence Against Women Theories of Violence and Sport ATTACHMENT DISORDER Attachment Theory: Conceptual and Empirical Origins Reactive Attachment Disorder: Diagnostic Criteria Attachment Therapy and Other Controversial Approaches Best Practices for Assessment and Treatment B BATTERED CHILD SYNDROME BATTERED WOMAN SYNDROME BATTERED WOMEN Definitions Historical Perspectives Incidence of Battering Causes of Battering Effects of Battering The Children of Battered Women Response and Prevention BATTERED WOMEN, ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE OF Economic Abuse as a Dynamic of Battering Poverty, Homelessness, and Welfare Employment BATTERED WOMEN: LEAVING VIOLENT INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS BATTERED WOMEN, PREVALENCE Definitions Prevalence Studies of IPV Rates of Abuse BATTERED WOMEN, SHELTERS FOR See SHELTERS, BATTERED WOMEN’S BATTERED WOMEN AND POLICE RESPONSE See POLICE, RESPONSE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE BATTERED WOMEN’S JUSTICE PROJECT BATTERED WOMEN’S MOVEMENT BATTERERS How Widespread Is Battering? Do Batterers Differ From Nonbatterers? Do Batterers Differ From One Another? BATTERERS, FACTORS SUPPORTING MALE AGGRESSION Individual-Level Factors Family-of-Origin Factors Relationship Factors Peer Factors Community and Societal Factors BATTERERS, PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF Personality Clusters and Groups Prevalence Risk Assessment and Intervention Controversy BATTERERS, TREATMENT APPROACHES AND EFFECTIVENESS Process, Instrumental, and Outcome Goals Complicating Factors Effectiveness Studies Current Issues BESTIALITY BETRAYAL TRAUMA Child Abuse and Betrayal Trauma Other Features of Betrayal Trauma Broader Implications BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS IN PREDICTING VIOLENCE Neurotransmitters Hormones BODY INTEGRITY IDENTITY DISORDER See ACROTOMOPHILIA BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER Trauma Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder BRIEF CHILD ABUSE POTENTIAL INVENTORY BULLYING Demographic Patterns Psychological Characteristics of the Victim Psychological Characteristics of the Bullies Peer Responses to Bullying C CAMPUS VIOLENCE The Campus Environment and Interpersonal Violence Federal Law University Policy, Protocol, and Programming CANADIAN NATIONAL SURVEY Background Estimates Advantages and Disadvantages CAPITAL PUNISHMENT Public Opinion Trends Special Offender Populations and Capital Punishment Recent Trends in the Death Penalty The Future of Capital Punishment CAREGIVERS AND VIOLENCE Risk Factors for People Who Utilize Caregiver Services Caregiver Perpetrators Caregivers Experiencing Violence CASTRATION CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION CHILD ABDUCTIONS, FAMILY CHILD ABDUCTIONS, NONFAMILY CHILD ABUSE AND DISABILITIES CHILD ABUSE IN IMMIGRANT FAMILIES CHILD ABUSE PREVENTION Evolution of Prevention Services Evidence of Success Research Implications CHILD ABUSE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT ACT CHILD AGGRESSION AS PREDICTOR OF YOUTH AND ADULT VIOLENCE The Development of Serious Offending Behaviors in Children Childhood and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders Associated With Violence CHILD DEATH REVIEW TEAMS Background Major Components of Child Death Reviews Future Considerations CHILD EXPOSURE TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE SCALE CHILD EXPOSURE TO INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE Defining Intimate Partner Violence Exposure Research on Intimate Partner Violence Exposure Protective Factors in Children’s Lives Risk Factors in Children’s Lives Conclusion CHILD EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE, IN MEDIA Child Exposure to Media Violent Content in Media The Risks of Exposure to Violent Content CHILD EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE, IN WAR ZONES How Many Children Are Affected How Children Are Exposed to War CHILD EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE, ROLE OF SCHOOLS CHILD FATALITIES Prevalence of Child Fatalities Due to Child Abuse and Neglect Misclassified Homicide Child Death Review Teams CHILD FATALITY REVIEW See CHILD DEATH REVIEW TEAMS CHILD NEGLECT Definition Incidence and Prevalence Precursors and Aftereffects of Child Neglect Prevention and Treatment CHILD PHYSICAL ABUSE Subtypes Treatment for Physical Abuse CHILD PROSTITUTION See COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION CHILDREN CHILD PROTECTIVE SERVICES The Role of Child Protective Services Challenges to the Child Protective Services System CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WHO KILL Rates of Juvenile Homicide in the United States Current Public Perceptions of Juvenile Homicide Offenders Dynamics Surrounding Child and Adolescent Killings CHILDREN MISSING INVOLUNTARILY OR FOR BENIGN REASONS CHILDREN’S ADVOCACY CENTER CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE Perpetrators Types of Abuse Prevalence and Incidence Effects Resilience of Children Blaming the Victims Holding Perpetrators Solely Responsible Resources for Children CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE ACCOMMODATION SYNDROME CHISWICK WOMEN’S AID CIVIL RESTRAINING ORDERS See RESTRAINING PROTECTIVE ORDERS CIVIL RIGHTS/DISCRIMINATION Civil Rights Remedy in the Violence Against Women Act and United States v. Morrison Challenges to Inadequate Police Response to Domestic Violence Civil Rights Statutes Protecting Victims’ Rights in Employment and Housing Intersectionality of Violence Against Women and Other Civil Rights Issues CLERGY SEXUAL ABUSE CLOTHESLINE PROJECT COERCED SEXUAL INITIATION COERCIVE CONTROL COLLABORATIVE DIVORCE, BENEFITS TO CHILDREN What Is Collaborative Divorce? Benefits of Collaborative Divorce Cautions About Collaborative Divorce COLLECTIVE EFFICACY COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN Children in Prostitution Sex Tourism Trafficking of Children Child Pornography COMMON COUPLE VIOLENCE See SITUATIONAL COUPLE VIOLENCE COMMUNITY JUSTICE COMMUNITY POLICING Comparison of Traditional and Community Policing Strategies Community Policing Strategies for Intimate Partner Violence COMMUNITY VIOLENCE COMMUNITY VIOLENCE, EFFECTS ON CHILDREN AND YOUTH Prevalence Effects Moderators COMMUNITY VIOLENCE, RELATIONSHIP TO PARTNER VIOLENCE COMPASSION FATIGUE See VICARIOUS TRAUMATIZATION COMPLEX TRAUMA IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS Exposure to Trauma Definitions Treatment CONFLICT TACTICS SCALES CONTRACT KILLINGS COORDINATED COMMUNITY RESPONSE CORPORATE VIOLENCE Victims of Corporate Violence Differences Between Corporate Violence and Interpersonal Violence COUPLE COUNSELING Why Couple Counseling? Couple Counseling for Couples Experiencing IPV Arguments Against Couple Counseling Common Beliefs About Couple Counseling COURT-APPOINTED SPECIAL ADVOCATES CRIME VICTIMS COMPENSATION PROGRAM CRISIS HOTLINES CULTURAL COMPETENCE Individual Cultural Competence Culturally Competent Policies Culturally Competent Agencies Culturally Competent Research CULTURAL DEFENSE CULTURALLY SENSITIVE INTERVENTION Batterer Intervention Programming Effectiveness State Program Standards CULTURAL RETALIATORY HOMICIDE CUSTODY, CONTACT, AND VISITATION: RELATIONSHIP TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Custody and Visitation Standards Domestic Violence Ramifications New Proposed Child Custody Standard CYBERSTALKING Reasons for Cyberstalking Extent of Cyberstalking Legal Issues Survival in Cyberspace CYCLE OF VIOLENCE Tension-Building Phase Acute Battering Incident Kindness and Contrite Loving Behavior Critiques D DANGER ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT Original Development Revision Validation of Revised 20-Item DA Future Directions DATE AND ACQUAINTANCE RAPE DATING VIOLENCE/ COURTSHIP VIOLENCE Occurrence Teen Dating Violence and Adult Intimate Partner Violence Barriers DEATH PENALTY See CAPITAL PUNISHMENT DECRIMINALIZATION OF SEX WORK Policies and Programs Supported by Sex Worker Rights Advocates Reducing Violence Against Women by Decriminalizing Prostitution Advocates for the Cause DELINQUENCY AND DATING VIOLENCE Prevalence of Dating Violence Risk Factors Prevention and Intervention DELINQUENCY AND VIOLENCE The Extent of Violent Delinquency in the United States Explanations for Violent Delinquency Public Policy Responses DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, ASYLUM Affirmative Process Defensive Process DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, RESPONSE TO BATTERED IMMIGRANTS AND IMMIGRANT VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN Self-Petitions Under the Violence Against Women Act Crime Victims’ Visas DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AND IMMIGRATION SERVICES DEPRESSION Immune Dysfunction in Depression How Depression Influences Health DEVELOPMENTALLY DISABLED SEX OFFENDERS DIMINISHED CAPACITY DEFENSES See INSANITY DEFENSE DISABILITY AND PORNOGRAPHY Disability, Sexual Abuse, and Pornography DISSOCIATION Dissociative Identity Disorder DIVORCE AND INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE Barriers to Leaving a Violent Relationship Postseparation Psychological Well-Being Cultural Influences DIVORCE IN RELATION TO CHILD ABUSE The Myth Current Research The Children as Victims DIVORCE IN RELATION TO YOUTH VIOLENCE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, TRAUMA, AND MENTAL HEALTH Domestic Violence, Lifetime Victimization, and Mental Illness Implications of Trauma Theory for Working With Survivors of Domestic Violence DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST OLDER WOMEN DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AMONG IMMIGRANT WOMEN Immigration-Related Abuse/Fear of Deportation Economic Abuse Concerns Over Loss of Custody of Children Language Barriers Cultural Barriers DOMESTIC VIOLENCE COURTS DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ENHANCED RESPONSE TEAM DOMESTIC VIOLENCE FATALITY REVIEW History Structure, Mandate, and Process Current and Future Directions DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER POPULATIONS DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN MILITARY FAMILIES Policy and Program Development Risk Factors Prevalence DOMESTIC VIOLENCE MOVEMENT See BATTERED WOMEN’S MOVEMENT DOMESTIC VIOLENCE RESOURCE NETWORK DOWRY DEATHS, BRIDE BURNING Background: The Sati Practice Dowry-Related Burning Explanation Prevention DUAL ARREST DULUTH MODEL E EARLY INTERVENTION PROGRAMS Head Start Efficacy of Early Intervention Programs EARLY WARNING SIGNS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE ECOLOGICAL MODELS OF VIOLENCE Defining an Ecological Schema Adding the Temporal Dimension to the Ecology The Ecological Model of Violence Example of Ecological Effects on Children Exposed to Family Violence Utility of the Ecological Model Testing Ecological Models in Research ELDER ABUSE History of Problem Recognition Nature and Scope of the Problem Problem Response EMERGE END VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN INTERNATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, DEFINED EPIDEMIOLOGY, INTERNATIONAL PATTERNS Official Police Data Victimization Survey Data Interpersonal Violence Data EPIDEMIOLOGY, PERPETRATION PATTERNS BY AGE, GENDER, ETHNICITY, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS Murder and Non-Negligent Manslaughter Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault Child Maltreatment Elder Abuse EPIDEMIOLOGY, VICTIMIZATION PATTERNS BY AGE, GENDER, ETHNICITY, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS Homicide Rape/Sexual Assault Robbery Assault/Intimate Partner Violence Child Maltreatment ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES, INTERVIEWING CHILDREN REPORTED AS ABUSED OR NEGLECTED Ethical Dilemma Professional Ethics Forensic Interviews Child Advocacy Centers ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES, TREATING ELDER ABUSE Duty to Report Versus Victim Autonomy and Safety Victim’s Right to Self-Determination Versus Protection and Safety Least Restrictive Alternative Versus Protection and Safety ETHNIC CLEANSING See CULTURAL RETALIATORY HOMICIDE; GENOCIDE EXPERT TESTIMONY EXPRESSIVE VIOLENCE F FAILURE TO PROTECT FAILURE TO THRIVE Diagnosis Contributors Evaluation Addressing Failure to Thrive FAITH-BASED PROGRAMS FALSE MEMORY FAMILICIDE FAMILY GROUP CONFERENCING FAMILY HOMICIDES FAMILY JUSTICE CENTERS FAMILY PRESERVATION AND REUNIFICATION PROGRAMS History of Family Preservation Social Services Provided Debate About Family Preservation Programs FAMILY THERAPY AND FAMILY VIOLENCE First Moment Second Moment Third Moment FAMILY VIOLENCE, CO-OCCURRENCE OF FORMS Common Risk and Protective Factors Common Intervention Issues FAMILY VIOLENCE OPTION FAMILY VIOLENCE PREVENTION AND SERVICES ACT Prevention, Public Awareness, and Cooperation Emergency Services Funding FAMILY VIOLENCE PREVENTION FUND Programs FATHER INVOLVEMENT Definition History Political Context Benefits Predictors FATHERS AS PERPETRATORS OF CHILD MALTREATMENT Characteristics of Father Perpetrators Prevention and Treatment Initiatives FATHERS’ RIGHTS MOVEMENT FEAR OF CRIME Causes Consequences FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION FEMALE PERPETRATORS OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE FEMALE PERPETRATORS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE FEMALE PERPETRATORS OF VIOLENCE, TEEN GIRLS Recent Trends Sex Differences in Aggressive Behavior A Gender-Sensitive Perspective on Risk and Resilience Developmental Consequences Cultural and Social Marginalization Future Research FEMALE PERPETRATORS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN Violence Against Children Causes of Female-Perpetrated Violence Against Children Social Issues With Women as Violent Perpetrators FEMALE SLAVERY/CHILD SLAVERY Child Slavery Debt Bondage Trafficking and Sexual Slavery Child Soldiers FEMICIDE Intimate Partner Femicide Femicide-Suicide Same-Sex Intimate Partner Homicide Maternal Mortality and Intimate Partner Femicide Prevention Strategies FEMINIST MOVEMENTS TO END VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN Social and Political Movements Forms of Violence Organizations, Initiatives, and Projects Mass Media International Initiatives FEMINIST THEORIES OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE Early Feminist Theories of Interpersonal Violence More Recent Feminist Theorizing on Interpersonal Violence FETICIDE FILICIDE FINANCIAL ABUSE, ELDERLY AND BATTERED WOMEN FINANCIAL LITERACY VERSUS FINANCIAL ABUSE FIREARMS See GUN VIOLENCE FOOT BINDING FORCED MARRIAGES FORCED MILITARY CONSCRIPTION FORENSIC NURSING Forensic Nursing Practice The Forensic Nursing Workplace FOSTER CARE Foster Care Settings and Foster Parents Children in Foster Care FRATERNITIES AND VIOLENCE Sexual Aggression Physical Hazing FRATRICIDE See FAMILY HOMICIDES FULL FAITH AND CREDIT MANDATE Need for FF&C History Model for Custody Cases Violence Against Women Act Limitations Complications G GANG RAPE Prevalence, Reporting, and Risk Factors Comparisons of Gang and Individual Rapes Postassault Functioning Social Networks Implications GANG VIOLENCE GENDERCIDE GENOCIDE GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS Understanding Spatial Variations Explanation of Spatial Variations Crime Prevention and Control GREENBOOK, THE GUN CONTROL History, Culture, and Gun Control Gun Control and Politics and Legislation Criminal Justice Interventions and Policy Perspectives GUN CONTROL, LEGISLATION GUN VIOLENCE Gun Violence Statistics Individuals and Gun Violence Society and Gun Violence Federal Government/State Intervention in Gun Violence H HAGUE CONVENTION ON THE CIVIL ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH COLLEGE ALCOHOL STUDY HATE CRIMES (BIAS CRIMES), ANTI-GAY Types of Anti-Gay Hate Crimes Data Collection Anti-Gay Activism Legal Response to Hate Crimes HATE CRIMES (BIAS CRIMES), CRIMINAL JUSTICE RESPONSES HATE CRIMES (BIAS CRIMES), GENDER MOTIVATED Policy History Gender as a Controversial Category HATE CRIMES (BIAS CRIMES), LEGISLATION See LEGISLATION, HATE CRIMES HATE CRIMES (BIAS CRIMES), RACIALLY MOTIVATED Anti-White Violence Anti-Black Violence Anti–Native American Violence Anti-Hispanic Violence Anti-Asian Violence Anti-Immigrant Violence HATE CRIMES (BIAS CRIMES), RELIGIOUSLY MOTIVATED Federal and State Legislation Examples of Incidents of Religiously Motivated Hate Crimes Community Education HAZING HEALTH CARE RESPONSE, PREVENTION STRATEGIES FOR REDUCING INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE Prevention Strategies for the Prenatal and Birth Period Strategies for Infants and Children Strategies for Adolescents Strategies for Adults Strategies for Seniors Community-Focused Efforts HEALTH CARE RESPONSE TO CHILD MALTREATMENT HEALTH CARE RESPONSE TO INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE Health Impact Health Care Response Current Research Specialized Training for Health Care Providers Future Opportunities HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD MALTREATMENT Why Maltreatment as Children Makes Adults Sick HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF HATE CRIME HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF INCARCERATION HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE Long-Term Health Consequences of Physical Violence Health Consequences of Sexual Violence Health Consequences of Psychological Violence Health Care and Intimate Partner Violence Public Health Response to Intimate Partner Violence HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIORS OF ABUSED WOMEN HIGH-TECH VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN Technologies Used Strategies for Change The Future HOMELESSNESS AND VIOLENCE HOME VISITATION SERVICES Emergence Evidence HOMICIDES, CRIMINAL Data Arrest Clearances HOMOPHOBIA Internalized Homophobia Heterosexism Legal Protection and Hate Crimes Coming Out Advances in Gay and Lesbian Rights HOMOPHOBIA AND MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS OF GAY, LESBIAN, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENDER PEOPLE HONOR KILLING/CRIME HUMAN RIGHTS History of Human Rights Human Rights Protections Against Interpersonal Violence Conclusion HYMEN REPLACEMENT SURGERY HYPERMASCULINITY Hypermasculinity and Violence Consequences I IMMIGRANT AND MIGRANT WOMEN IMMIGRANT AND MIGRANT WOMEN AND LAW ENFORCEMENT RESPONSE IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE See DEPARTMENT HOMELAND SECURITY IMMIGRATION SERVICES INCEST Long-Term Effects INCIDENCE INFANTICIDE Infanticide in History Contemporary Infanticides Types of and Motivations Behind Infanticides Infanticide Typologies Prevention of Infanticide INSANITY DEFENSE INSTITUTE ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN THE AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY INSTRUMENTAL VIOLENCE INTENSIVE FAMILY PRESERVATION SERVICES INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF VIOLENCE Transmission of Partner Violence Transmission of Child Physical Abuse Transmission of Child Sexual Abuse Multiple Forms of Family Violence Transmission Over Time INTERMITTENT EXPLOSIVE DISORDER INTERNATIONAL SEX INDUSTRY INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR TRAUMATIC STRESS STUDIES INTERNET, CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN INTERNET, PORNOGRAPHY INTERNET, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN See HIGH-TECH VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN INTERNET-BASED INTERVENTIONS Advantages and Concerns Research INTERSECTIONALITY The Race-ing of Violence Against Women The Gender-ing of Ethnic Analyses of Violence INTIMATE PARTNER RELATIONSHIP QUALITY AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Complex Relationship Early Intervention INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE Definitions Prevalence Risk Factors Consequences Intervention INTIMATE TERRORISM INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING OF CHILDREN Historical Context of Investigative Interviewing Rationale for Special Investigative Interview Techniques Specific Strategies Employed in Investigative Interviewing The Role of Mandated Professionals Protocols and Nondisclosure INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE VICTIMS Historical Context Interview Context Investigative Interviewing Protocols INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING OF OFFENDERS K KIDNAPPING See CHILD ABDUCTIONS, NONFAMILY KINSHIP CARE Historical Perspective Current Practices in Government Current Child Welfare Practice L LEARNED HELPLESSNESS LEARNED OPTIMISM LEGAL ISSUES IN THE TREATMENT OF SEXUAL AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Privacy Record Keeping LEGAL MOMENTUM LEGAL SYSTEM, ADVOCACY EFFORTS TO AFFECT, CHILD MALTREATMENT Individual Case Advocacy Class Action Advocacy Advocacy Efforts Within Organizations and Agencies LEGAL SYSTEM, ADVOCACY EFFORTS TO AFFECT, ELDER ABUSE Individual Advocacy Systems Advocacy Preparation LEGAL SYSTEM, ADVOCACY EFFORTS TO AFFECT, INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE Historical Perspective The Criminal Justice System The Civil Justice System Federal Funding LEGAL SYSTEM, ADVOCACY EFFORTS TO AFFECT, VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN Legal Issues That Arise When Aiding Victimized Children Law-Related Child Victim Interviewing Issues LEGAL SYSTEM, CIVIL AND CRIMINAL COURT REMEDIES FOR SEXUAL ASSAULT/RAPE Criminal Court Remedies Civil Court Remedies Civil Protection Orders Mutual Filing of Criminal and Civil Suits Difficulties in Prosecution LEGAL SYSTEM, CIVIL COURT REMEDIES FOR INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE Shortcomings of the Criminal Justice System Agency and the Material Needs of Survivors Types of Civil Legal Remedies LEGAL SYSTEM, CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION OF VICTIMIZATION OF CHILDREN Types of Victimization Legal System Prosecution of Sexual Assaults Against Children Innovations in the Legal System Disposition Rates Policy Issues Future Directions LEGAL SYSTEM, CRIMINAL JUSTICE STRATEGIES TO REDUCE INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE Community Violence Family Violence LEGAL SYSTEM, CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM RESPONSES TO INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE LEGAL SYSTEM AND CHILD PROTECTION The Criminal Law Civil Child Protection Laws Other Court Proceedings Related to Child Protection Stages of the Legal Process in Civil Child Protection Cases LEGISLATION, CHILD MALTREATMENT Common Topics of Child Maltreatment Legislation Child Welfare Legislative Reforms LEGISLATION, ELDER ABUSE History The Elder Justice Act LEGISLATION, HATE CRIMES Definitions Pros and Cons of Hate Crime Legislation Hate Crime Statistics Existing Legislation Proposed Legislation LEGISLATION, INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE State and Local Legislation Federal Legislation LEGISLATION, RAPE/SEXUAL ASSAULT An Evolution in Defining Rape and Sexual Assault Corroboration Requirement Resistance Requirement Consent Rape Shield Laws MAIL ORDER BRIDES M MALE PEER SUPPORT, THEORY OF MANDATORY ARREST/ PRO-ARREST STATUTES The Growing Role of Arrest Impact Advantages for Victims Disadvantages for Victims MANDATORY REPORTING LAWS OF CHILD MALTREATMENT History of Child Maltreatment Mandatory Reporting Laws Characteristics of Mandated Reports Impact of Mandatory Reporting Laws MANDATORY REPORTING LAWS OF ELDER ABUSE MANDATORY REPORTING LAWS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE MARITAL RAPE/WIFE RAPE MARITAL RAPE/WIFE RAPE, MARITAL EXEMPTIONS IN RAPE STATUTES MARRIAGE EDUCATION AND VIOLENCE Historical Roots Program Evaluation Marriage Education and Welfare Reform MASCULINITIES AND VIOLENCE MASS MURDER MASS RAPE MATERNAL HOMICIDE MATERNAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR CHILD PHYSICAL ABUSE MATRICIDE See FAMILY HOMICIDES MEASUREMENT, INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE Reports to Police Random Sample Surveys MEDIA, REPRESENTATIONS/ DISTORTIONS OF CRIME Media Stereotyping Beliefs in Objectivity MEDIA AND SEXUALITY Historical Connections Changing Social Standards Sociological Expression of Sexual Content MEDIA AND VIOLENCE Selection Criteria: The Novel and the Routine Coverage of Politicized and Celebrity Violent Crimes Other Approaches to Studying Media and Violence MEDIATION Does Mediation Work? Problems With Mediation How Mediation Disadvantages Abuse Victims Possible Challenges to Mediation MEGAN’S LAW See SEX OFFENDER REGISTRATION LAWS MENDING THE SACRED HOOP MENTAL ILLNESS Deinstitutionalization and Public Fears of the Mentally Unstable Childhood or Adolescent Mental Disorders Linked With Violence Other Mental Disorders Linked With Violence MENTORS IN VIOLENCE PREVENTION MILITARY, FAMILY ADVOCACY PROGRAMS MINNEAPOLIS DOMESTIC VIOLENCE EXPERIMENT Background Methods Results Impact MISOGYNY The Cultural Context of Misogyny Misogyny, Gender, and Violence Misogyny and Violence Against Women Misogyny and Violence Against Children Misogyny and Violence Against Men MORAL PANICS MUNCHAUSEN SYNDROME BY PROXY NATIONAL AMBER ALERT PROGRAM N NATIONAL CENTER FOR MISSING AND EXPLOITED CHILDREN NATIONAL CENTER FOR VICTIMS OF CRIME NATIONAL CENTER ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT See OFFICE CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT NATIONAL CHILDREN’S ALLIANCE AND CHILDREN’S ADVOCACY CENTERS NATIONAL CHILD TRAUMATIC STRESS NETWORK NATIONAL CLEARINGHOUSE FOR THE DEFENSE OF BATTERED WOMEN NATIONAL CLEARINGHOUSE ON MARITAL AND DATE RAPE NATIONAL COALITION AGAINST DOMESTIC VIOLENCE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF JUVENILE AND FAMILY COURT JUDGES NATIONAL CRIME PREVENTION COUNCIL NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMIZATION SURVEY NATIONAL DOMESTIC VIOLENCE FATALITY REVIEW INITIATIVE NATIONAL DOMESTIC VIOLENCE HOTLINE NATIONAL FAMILY VIOLENCE SURVEYS Family Violence Surveys National Surveys of Violence Toward Women National Surveys of Violence Toward Children NATIONAL INCIDENT-BASED REPORTING SYSTEM NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE NATIONAL LATINO ALLIANCE FOR THE ELIMINATION OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Programs and Projects NATIONAL NETWORK TO END DOMESTIC VIOLENCE NATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR WOMEN NOW and Interpersonal Violence NATIONAL RESOURCE CENTER ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE NATIONAL SEXUAL VIOLENCE RESOURCE CENTER NATIONAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN SURVEY Background Estimates Advantages and Disadvantages NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN IMPULSIVE AGGRESSION AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR NO-DROP PROSECUTION NONOFFENDING PARENTS OF MALTREATED CHILDREN Nonoffending Mothers and the Early Literature Possible Effects of Early Literature Recent Understanding of Nonoffending Parents O OFFICE FOR VICTIMS OF CRIME OFFICE OF JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION OFFICE ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT OFFICE ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN “ONE STRIKE” PUBLIC HOUSING POLICY OPPRESSION AND VIOLENCE P PARAPHILIA Typology Etiology Lifestyle Issues Clinical Interventions PARENTAL ALIENATION SYNDROME Acceptance Problems PARENT–CHILD INTERACTION THERAPY PARENT–CHILD TRAUMA THERAPY PARENTING PRACTICES AND VIOLENCE, CHILD MALTREATMENT Parenting Behaviors Associated With Child Maltreatment Positive Parenting Model Parenting Education and Support Programs PARENTING PRACTICES AND VIOLENCE, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Parenting by Perpetrators and Victims Impact and Risk Assessment Interventions PARENTING PRACTICES AND VIOLENCE, YOUTH VIOLENCE Quality of the Parent–Child Relationship Discipline Practices Corporal Punishment Parental Monitoring Cultural Considerations Prevention of Youth Violence PARRICIDE See FAMILY HOMICIDES PATRIARCHAL TERRORISM See INTIMATE TERRORISM; EXPRESSIVE VIOLENCE; INSTRUMENTAL VIOLENCE; SITUATIONAL COUPLE VIOLENCE; VIOLENT RESISTANCE PATRIARCHY Patriarchy in the Family Patriarchy in Society Theories of Patriarchy Influence PATRICIDE See FAMILY HOMICIDES PEACEMAKING CIRCLES PEDOPHILIA Psychopathology Theory Assessment Treatment Risk Assessment PEER INFLUENCES ON YOUTH VIOLENCE Community-Related Influences School-Related Influences Concluding Remarks PEER MEDIATION PROGRAMS Peer Mediation Program Models Types of Peer Mediation Sessions Peer Mediators Benefits of Peer Mediation Concluding Remarks PIMPING POLICE, RESPONSE TO CHILD MALTREATMENT POLICE, RESPONSE TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE History Mandatory Arrests Dual Arrests POLICE, SUICIDE BY COP POLICE, USE OF VIOLENCE/ EXCESSIVE FORCE Cases of Police Violence The Victims of Police Violence Police Violence and the History of Urban Uprisings Causes and Solutions to Police Violence PORNOGRAPHY POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER Associated Features Other Factors Associated With PTSD General Epidemiology Interpersonal Violence Trauma Versus Other Trauma Types Treatment POVERTY Increasing Rates of Poverty Relationship Between Poverty and Interpersonal Violence POWER AND CONTROL WHEEL PREGNANCY, CRIMINALIZING THE PREGNANCIES OF DRUG-ADDICTED WOMEN PREGNANCY, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN DURING Prevalence Sociological Considerations Effects PREVALENCE Issues With Prevalence PREVALENCE, MEASURING PREVENTION PROGRAMS, ADOLESCENT DATING VIOLENCE Benefits of Focusing on Prevention With Adolescents Effective Dating Violence Prevention Programs Research and Evaluation Considerations Implementation Considerations PREVENTION PROGRAMS, CHILD MALTREATMENT The Science of Prevention When to Intervene? What Is the Focus? Who Is It For? PREVENTION PROGRAMS, COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE Benefits of a Prevention Approach Community-Level Approaches Focus on Engaging Men PREVENTION PROGRAMS, COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION Community Mobilization in Preventing Interpersonal Violence Outcomes PREVENTION PROGRAMS, DEFINITIONS Definitions The Context of Prevention Characteristics of Effective Prevention Programs Evidence-Based Prevention Prevention Research Concepts Challenges and Emerging Issues PREVENTION PROGRAMS, INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE Prevention as a Systemic Process The Development of Effective Prevention Programs PREVENTION PROGRAMS, YOUTH VIOLENCE Level of Programming Conceptualization Cultural Considerations Fidelity and Outcome PRISONER REENTRY Challenges of Prisoner Reentry Prisoner Reintegration Barriers to Successful Reentry Prisoner Reentry Nationally PRISON RAPE ELIMINATION ACT PRISON VIOLENCE, SEXUAL ASSAULT PRISON VIOLENCE AND PRISON GANGS PRISON VIOLENCE BY CORRECTIONS STAFF PRISON VIOLENCE BY INMATES PRISON VIOLENCE IN WOMEN’S FACILITIES PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS ON CHILD MALTREATMENT PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS ON ELDER ABUSE PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS ON INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS ON VICTIMIZATION PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS ON YOUTH VIOLENCE PROSECUTORIAL PRACTICES, CHILD MALTREATMENT PROSECUTORIAL PRACTICES, ELDER ABUSE PROSECUTORIAL PRACTICES, INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE Context Prosecution of IPV Prosecutorial Practices in Sexual Assault Child Abuse Prosecution PROSECUTORIAL PRACTICES, INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE PROSTITUTION Recruitment Violence Societal Response PROTECTIVE ORDERS See RESTRAINING PROTECTIVE ORDERS PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS AND VIOLENCE PROPENSITY Mental Illness and Violence Myths PSYCHOLOGICAL/EMOTIONAL ABUSE PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY FOR VIOLENCE PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN PREDICTING VIOLENCE Behavior, Stress, and the Autonomic Nervous System Electroencephalogram and Evoked Potentials Skin Conductance and Heart Rate Neuroimaging Physiology PUBLIC EDUCATION PUNKING Dynamics of Punking Effects of Punking RAPE CRISIS CENTERS R RAPE CULTURE Theory Social Categories and Intersectionality Silence and Toleration of Rape Rape Myths Challenging Rape Culture RAPE KITS RAPE/SEXUAL ASSAULT Prevalence Risk Factors Consequences Prevention Intervention RAPE SHIELD LAWS RAPE TRAUMA SYNDROME REASONABLE EFFORTS RECIDIVISM Defining and Measuring Recidivism REFUGEE/ASYLEE RELIGION REPRESSED MEMORY Controversy RESILIENCY, PROTECTIVE AND RISK FACTORS Qualities of Resilience Resilience and Interpersonal Violence Protective Factors Risk Factors Research on Resilience, Risk, and Protective Factors RESTORATIVE JUSTICE Roots of Restorative Justice Restorative Justice Dialogue Restorative Justice Approaches Research on Effectiveness The Future of Restorative Justice RESTORE ORDER AND LEAVE See POLICE, RESPONSE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE RESTRAINING AND PROTECTIVE ORDERS The Process of Obtaining Court Orders Advantages of Obtaining Court Orders Limitations of Court Orders Effectiveness of Court Orders Judicial Enforcement of Court Orders RISK ASSESSMENT RISK ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS, CHILD MALTREATMENT Risk Factors for Child Maltreatment Instruments Conclusion RISK ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS, ELDER ABUSE The Importance of Risk Assessment The Function of Risk Assessment Instruments Variation Among Elder Abuse Risk Assessment Instruments RISK ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS, INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE Victim-Administered Instruments Perpetrator-Administered Instruments Selection of Instruments RISK ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS, INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE The Need for Risk Assessment Instruments Existing Risk Assessment Instruments and Their Characteristics Benefits and Limitations Future Directions RISK ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS, YOUTH VIOLENCE Assessment Components Assessment Formats Contexts of Use Dilemmas RITUALISTIC ABUSE ROAD RAGE See INTERMITTENT EXPLOSIVE DISORDER ROBBERY Robbery Statistics Types of Robberies RUNAWAY AND THROWNAWAY CHILDREN RURAL CHILD ABUSE RURAL WOMAN ABUSE S SACRED CIRCLE NATIONAL RESOURCE CENTER TO END VIOLENCE AGAINST NATIVE WOMEN SADISTIC RAPE See SERIAL RAPE/SERIAL RAPISTS SAFE HOUSES SAFETY PLANNING SAME-SEX INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE Similarities Differences Unique Issues SCHOOL-BASED VIOLENCE PREVENTION PROGRAMS Role of Schools in Preventing Violence Ineffective Prevention Programs Best Practice Principles Effectiveness of School-Based Prevention Programs Future Directions SCHOOL VIOLENCE SCHOOL VIOLENCE, MEDIA COVERAGE OF Producing Fear Creating Copycats School’s Response SCHOOL VIOLENCE, SCHOOL SHOOTINGS Historical Evolution Psychosocial View of Causes Preventing and Minimizing the Effects of School Shootings SCOTTSBORO BOYS SECONDARY VICTIMIZATION See VICARIOUS TRAUMATIZATION SECONDARY VICTIMIZATION BY POLICE AND COURTS SELF-DEFENSE SELF-DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIORS See SELF-INJURY SELF-INJURY Effects Psycho-Medical View of Causes Psycho-Medical Demographics Historical Evolution Sociological View of Causes Sociological Demographics SELF-PETITIONING PROCESS Why Self-Petitioning Is Needed Self-Petitioning Requirements SELF-TRAUMA MODEL SEPARATION/DIVORCE SEXUAL ASSAULT SERIAL MURDER/SERIAL KILLERS Types of Serial Murder/Serial Killers Causes of Serial Murder SERIAL RAPE/SERIAL RAPISTS History The Criminal Behavior SEVERITY OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN SCALES SEX DISCRIMINATION Institutional Sexism Interpersonal Sexism SEX EDUCATION SEX OFFENDER REGISTRATION LAWS SEX OFFENDERS Victim–Offender Relationship Prevalence and Vulnerability to Sex Crimes Consequences of Sex Crimes Recidivism of Sex Offenders Legal and Clinical Responses to Sex Offenders SEX OFFENDERS, CIVIL COMMITMENT SEX TOURISM SEXUAL ABUSE SEXUAL ABUSE OF CHILDREN See CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE SEXUAL ABUSE OF PEOPLE WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES Sexual Abuse Defined Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Prosecution and Victim Advocacy SEXUAL ABUSE OF THE ELDERLY SEXUAL ABUSE OF WOMEN See RAPE/SEXUAL ASSAULT SEXUAL ASSAULT IN THE MILITARY Task Forces Comprehensive Policy Criticism of Policy Prevalence SEXUAL ASSAULT NURSE EXAMINER SEXUAL ASSAULT RESPONSE TEAM SEXUAL COERCION SEXUAL ETHICS SEXUAL EXPERIENCES SURVEY SEXUAL HARASSMENT SEXUAL HARASSMENT, SAME-SEX Same-Sex Sexual Harassment in the Workplace and Education Historical Overview of Same-Sex Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Historical Overview of Same-Sex Sexual Harassment in Education SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN SCHOOLS Federal Laws U.S. Supreme Court Decisions Scientific Research SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN WORKPLACES SEXUALLY AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN CHILDREN Characteristics Theories Current and Future Directions SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES Sexually Transmitted Infections and Interpersonal Violence Sexual Assault Intimate Partner Violence Childhood Sexual Abuse SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME SHELTERING OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE VICTIMS’ PETS SHELTERS, BATTERED WOMEN’S History Services Provided Funding SIBLING ABUSE Defining Sibling Abuse Risk Factors Impacts SILENT WITNESS NATIONAL INITIATIVE SITUATIONAL COUPLE VIOLENCE SOCIAL COGNITIVE PROGRAMS FOR VIOLENCE Cue Search Cue Interpretation Response Generation Consequential Thinking Enactment SOCIALIZATION SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY Social Learning Theory and Family Violence SOCIAL SUPPORT NETWORKS Describing Social Support Networks An Ecological Context for Social Support Networks Measurement of Social Support Perceived and Received Social Support SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, OFFENDING AND VICTIMIZATION BY CLASS SORORICIDE See FAMILY HOMICIDES SPIRITUALITY AND FAMILY THERAPY Religion and Spirituality Spiritual Sources of Distress Spiritual Resources for Healing and Resilience SPOUSE ASSAULT REPLICATION PROJECT Background Methods Results Criticisms Summary Articles Future Research STALKING Defining Stalking Causes of Stalking Impact on Survivors STATE VIOLENCE STATUTORY RAPE Laws About Statutory Rape Risky Behaviors Prosecution of Statutory Rape Future Directions STOP VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN FORMULA GRANT PROGRAM STRESS AND VIOLENCE SUBCULTURES OF VIOLENCE Southern Subculture of Violence Black Subculture of Violence Other Subcultures of Violence SUBSTANCE ABUSE Theories of the Relationship Between Substance Abuse and Interpersonal Violence Empirical Data Regarding the Relationship Between Substance Abuse and General Violence Empirical Data Regarding the Relationship Between Substance Abuse and Intimate Partner Violence SUICIDAL BEHAVIORS, FAMILIAL FACTORS IN Environmental Exposures Heritable Factors in Suicidal Behavior SUICIDALITY: CLUSTERS, CONTAGION, AND PACTS SUICIDALITY: DEMOGRAPHIC RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS Age, Gender, Ethnicity Marital Status, Household Composition, Sexual Orientation, Incarceration Occupation, Education, Unemployment, Income, Religion Geographic Patterns, Urban Versus Rural, Mobility Global Patterns SUICIDALITY: NOMENCLATURE SUICIDALITY: PREVENTION Clinical Interventions for At-Risk Individuals and Families Means Restriction School Prevention Programs Community Prevention Programs Media State- and National-Level Suicide Prevention SUICIDE, RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS: INDIVIDUAL LEVEL Mental and Physical Illnesses Values, Temperament, and Other Personal Attributes Behavioral Risk Factors SUICIDE, RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS: IN RESEARCH T TAKE BACK THE NIGHT TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMILIES PROGRAM TORTURE Uses of Torture Physical and Psychological Torture Utility of Torture International Law Prohibiting Torture TRAFFICKING, HUMAN Types of Trafficking Trafficking Statistics Contributing Factors Trafficking Methods Consequences for Victims Stopping Trafficking in Humans TRANSITIONAL HOUSING PROGRAMS TRAUMA-FOCUSED THERAPY Case Example Efficacy TRIBAL ISSUES Historical Tribal Beliefs and Responses to Violence Against Women The Impact of Colonization on Safety and Justice for Native Women Contemporary Tribal Issues Future Directions 12-STEP PROGRAMS The 12 Steps Variety of 12-Step Programs Criticisms of 12-Step Programs U UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS UNITED NATIONS, INTERNATIONAL LAW/COURTS International Law International Courts Agencies Future Directions UNITED NATIONS CONVENTIONS AND DECLARATIONS Historical Origins International Bill of Human Rights Core International Human Rights Treaties Other International Instruments Declarations UXORICIDE See FAMILY HOMICIDES V VERBAL ABUSE Verbal Abuse During Childhood Verbal Abuse During Adulthood Hate Speech Consequences Treatment Future Research VICARIOUS TRAUMATIZATION VICTIM BLAMING See VICTIM PRECIPITATION THEORIES VICTIM IMPACT STATEMENTS VICTIMIZATION, PREDICTORS OF Individual Demographic Predictors Developmental and Psychosocial Predictors Situational Predictors Contextual Predictors VICTIM OFFENDER MEDIATION AND DIALOGUE Humanistic Model Impact Endorsements Process VICTIMOLOGY Development of Victimology Penal Victimology Theoretical Victimology General Victimology Critical Victimology Data Gathering VICTIM PRECIPITATION THEORIES Development of Victim Precipitation Theories Victim Blaming Methodological Issues VICTIMS OF CRIME ACT VICTIMS’ RIGHTS MOVEMENT Historical Influences The Modern Movement Major Accomplishments Controversial Issues Future Directions VICTIM-WITNESS ADVOCACY PROGRAMS Background Services Critiques and Concerns VICTIM WITNESS SPECIALISTS VIDEO GAMES, VIOLENCE EXPOSURE IN Exposure Parental Rules Types of Games Rating System Interactivity Theoretical Explanations VIOLENCE AGAINST INDIGENOUS CHILDREN, YOUTH, AND FAMILIES VIOLENCE AGAINST PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN ACT Civil Rights Remedy Violence Against Women Act of 2000 Violence Against Women Act of 2005 VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN FOLLOWING NATURAL DISASTERS Causes Challenges Future Disaster Management VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN CONFLICT AND WAR ZONES Women in the War Zone Soldiers’ Wives and Dependents Female Soldiers Sociological View of Causes VIOLENCE PREVENTION CURRICULA FOR ADOLESCENTS Challenges Facing Schools in Violence Prevention Initiatives Effective School-Based Violence Prevention Programming Teacher Training and Staff Development Key Stakeholders Selecting Appropriate Violence Prevention Curricula Future Directions VIOLENT RESISTANCE W WOMEN OF COLOR NETWORK WOMEN’S AID FEDERATIONS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM Aims and Mission History Principles, Values, and Service Standards WORKPLACE VIOLENCE Types of Workplace Violence Workplace Homicides Going Postal: A Bad Rap Nonfatal Workplace Violence Dangerous Jobs Interventions Y YOUTH VIOLENCE Children and Youth, and Resources Related to Child Abuse and Neglect Appendix A Helpful Resources The Elderly Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Questioning Communities Human Rights (Including Trafficking and Slavery) Mental Health (Including Substance Abuse and Suicide) Racial and Ethnic Minorities Sexual Violence and Abuse (Resources Addressing Victims and Perpetrators) Stalking Violence Between Intimate Partners (Resources Primarily Addressing Victims) Violence Between Intimate Partners (Resources Primarily Addressing Perpetrators) Interpersonal Violence—General State Coalitions Against Domestic Violence Tribal Coalitions State Sexual Assault Coalitions State Clearinghouses for Missing and Exploited Children Hotlines Appendix B UNIFORM CRIME REPORTING PROGRAM AND THE NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMIZATION SURVEY DATA The Nation’s Two Crime Measures Interpersonal Violence Statistical Data Comparing UCR and the NCVS UNIFORM CRIME REPORTING PROGRAM CRIME DEFINITIONS UNIFORM CRIME REPORTING PROGRAM: STATE-BY-STATE DATA FOR VIOLENT CRIME 2002–2006 NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMIZATION SURVEY Abandonment, 1:1–2 Abolitionist approach to prostitution, 1:2–3 policies and programs, 1:2–3 present-day advocates of, 1:2–3 reducing violence against women, 1:2–3 Abortion. See Anti-abortion violence; Gendercide Abortion, sex-selective. See Gendercide Abuse-focused therapy, 1:3–4 abuse-focused therapeutic interventions, 1:3–4 philosophical influences on, 1:3 Abusive Behavior Inventory, 1:4 Accused, The (film), 1:443–444 Achenbach, Thomas, 1:104 Acid attacks, 1:5–6 Acid Survivors Foundation, 1:6 Acrotomophilia, 1:6–7 body integrity identity disorder and, 1:7 development of, 1:6 practice of, 1:6 prevalence of, 1:6 Adler, Freda, 1:256 Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997, 1:7–8, 1:118 Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980, 1:8, 1:118, 1:240, 1:412–413 Intensive Family Preservation Services and, 1:358 reasonable efforts, defined, 2:588 Adult Protective Services (APS), 1:8–10 Adult survivors of childhood abuse, 1:10–12 brain’s response to abuse, 1:11 treatment for, 1:11–12 types of effects of abuse, 1:10 See also Posttraumatic stress disorder Adult Video News, 2:520 Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE), 1:53, 1:322 Advocacy, 1:12–14 agency/autonomy of battered women and, 1:15–16 AMEND (Abusive Men Exploring New Directions), 1:22–23 child advocates, 1:154 core values of, 1:13–14 court-appointed special advocates (CASA), 1:154–155 culturally competent, 1:14 forms of, 1:13 goals of, 1:12–13 See also Battered women; individual names of advocacy agencies African Americans athletics and violence, 1:41–42 feminism and, 1:368–370 hate crimes against, 1:310–311 homicide rates, 1:334 Index (with page links) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q,R S T U V W X,Y,Z