Lion, eagle, and swastika: Bavarian monarchism in Weimar Germany, 1918-1933
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Originally published in 1991 this study analyses the Bavarian monarchist movement and its place in the relations between Bavaria and the Reich during the Weimar era, with particular emphasis on the period up to 1929. Focusing on Bavaria’s peculiar historical position in the Reich as a staunch adversary of strong national political authority, the study has been anchored insofar as possible in local-level organizational and governmental archival sources. It makes extensive use of organizational and personal case-studies. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Original Title Page Original Copyright Page Table of Contents List of Abbreviations Preface Chapter I. The Wittelsbach Dynasty and the Tradition of Bavarian Eigenstaatlichkeit The Wittelsbach Dynasty and the Bavarian State, 1848-1914: Monarchical Decline and National Integration The First World War and the End of the Wittelsbach Monarchy Chapter II. Years of Crisis: 1918-1921 Aftermath of Revolution, November 1918-April 1919: a New Beginning? Soviet Republic, Versailles Treaty, and Weimar Constitution: the Republic Discredited, 1919-1920 Chapter III. "Bayerischer Föderalismus" Versus "Berliner Zentralismus" Chapter IV. "Ostrich Politics"? The Problem of Restoration in Weimar Bavaria Chapter V. Crown Prince Rupprecht, Heir to the Bavarian Throne War and Revolution "The King is Dead-Long Live the King"? Crown Prince Rupprecht's Entourage Chapter VI. Royalism Revived: The Bavarian Royalist Party, 1919-1921 The Royalist Party Eclipsed: von Kahr and the "Patriotic Leagues," 1920-1923/1924 Chapter VII. "'In Treue Fest!" The Bavarian King and Country League, I: 1921-1929 Rudolf Kanzler and Königsbund Activism, 1923-1925 "Royal Bavarian Conventionality": the Königsbund and Its Leaders in the Later 1920s The Königsbund and the Parties in Bavaria to 1930 Bayerntreue: a Royalist United Front? Bavarian Rights and Dynastic Interests: the Königsbund and the Princely Expropriation Campaign, 1926 The Königsbund and the "Freedom Law," 1929 Chapter VIII. The Dilemmas of Royalist Organization and Mobilization: The Bavarian King and Country League, II Internal Divisions: Königstreue vs. Königstreue Problems of Organization and Agitation Problems of Leadership Problems of Finance Chapter IX. A Wittelsbach "People's King"? The Bavarian Loyalist League, 1925-1927 Chapter X. "Royal Bavarian National Socialism," I: Introduction National Socialism as a "Volksbewegung" National Socialism and Monarchism in Bavaria Chapter XI. "Royal Bavarian National Socialism," II: Case Studies, 1919-1933 Case Study No. 1: General Franz Ritter van Epp Case Study No. 2: Ernst Röhm Case Study No. 3: Ernst Pöhner Case Study No. 4: Dr. Richard Blumm Case Study No. 5: Ludwig Franz Gengler Case Study No. 6: Hans Baumann Case Study No. 7: The Ex-Treubund National Socialists Case Study No. 8: Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bissing Case Study No. 9: Ex-Monarchist Workers' Party Nazis Case Study No. 10: Franz Mayr Chapter XII. "'Forward with the King into the New Era!'", The Bavarian King and Country League, III: 1930-1933 Search for Stability: the Königsbund 1930-1932 "King Rupprecht"? The Plan for Restoration in Munich, February 1933 The Nazi Seizure of Power in Munich, 9 March 1933 Chapter XIII. Conclusion Selected Bibliography
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