Genetics: From Genes to Genomes (Hartwell, Genetics)

Description

Genetics: From Genes to Genomes is a cutting-edge, introductory genetics text authored by an unparalleled author team, including Nobel Prize winner, Leland Hartwell. The 4th edition continues to build upon the integration of Mendelian and molecular principles, providing students with the links between the early understanding of genetics and the new molecular discoveries that have changed the way the field of genetics is viewed. Users who purchase Connect receive access to the full online ebook version of the textbook. Cover Page Title Page Copyright About the Authors CONTENTS Preface Acknowledgements Introduction to Genetics in the Twenty-First Century 1. Genetics: The Study of Biological Information 1.1 DNA: The Fundamental Information Molecule of Life 1.2 Proteins: The Functional Molecules of Life Processes 1.3 Complex Systems and Molecular Interactions 1.4 Molecular Similarities of all Life-Forms 1.5 The Modular Construction of Genomes 1.6 Modern Genetic Techniques 1.7 Human Genetics PART I: Basic Principles: How Traits Are Transmitted 2. Mendel’s Principles of Heredity 2.1 Background: The Historical Puzzle of Inheritance 2.2 Genetic Analysis According to Mendel 2.3 Mendelian Inheritance in Humans Fast Forward: Genes Encode Proteins Tools of Genetics: Plants as Living Chemical Factories Genetics and Society: Developing Guidelines for Genetic Screening 3. Extensions to Mendel’s Laws 3.1 Extensions to Mendel for Single-Gene Inheritance 3.2 Extensions to Mendel for Multifactorial Inheritance Fast Forward: Gene Therapy for Sickle-Cell Disease in Mice Genetics and Society: Disease Prevention Versus the Right to Privacy 4. The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance 4.1 Chromosomes: The Carriers of Genes 4.2 Mitosis: Cell Division That Preserves Chromosome Number 4.3 Meiosis: Cell Divisions That Halve Chromosome Number 4.4 Gametogenesis 4.5 Validation of the Chromosome Theory Genetics and Society: Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis Fast Forward: How Gene Mutations Cause Errors in Mitosis 5. Linkage, Recombination, and the Mapping of Genes on Chromosomes 5.1 Gene Linkage and Recombination 5.2 The Chi-Square Test and Linkage Analysis 5.3 Recombination: A Result of Crossing-Over During Meiosis 5.4 Mapping: Locating Genes Along a Chromosome 5.5 Tetrad Analysis in Fungi 5.6 Mitotic Recombination and Genetic Mosaics Tools of Genetics: The Chi-Square Test Fast Forward: Gene Mapping May Lead to a Cure for Cystic Fibrosis Genetics and Society: Mitotic Recombination and Cancer Formation PART II: What Genes Are and What They Do 6. DNA: Structure, Replication, and Recombination 6.1 Experimental Evidence for DNA as the Genetic Material 6.2 The Watson and Crick Double Helix Model of DNA 6.3 Genetic Information in DNA Base Sequence 6.4 DNA Replication 6.5 Recombination at the DNA Level Tools of Genetics: Restriction Enzyme Recognition Sites 7. Anatomy and Function of a Gene: Dissection Through Mutation 7.1 Mutations: Primary Tools of Genetic Analysis 7.2 What Mutations Tell Us About Gene Structure 7.3 What Mutations Tell Us About Gene Function 7.4 A Comprehensive Example: Mutations That Affect Vision Genetics and Society: Unstable Trinucleotide Repeats and Fragile X Syndrome Fast Forward: Using Mutagenesis to Look at Biological Processes 8. Gene Expression: The Flow of Information from DNA to RNA to Protein 8.1 The Genetic Code 8.2 Transcription: From DNA to RNA 8.3 Translation: From mRNA to Protein 8.4 Differences in Gene Expression Between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes 8.5 A Comprehensive Example: Computerized Analysis of Gene Expression in C. elegans 8.6 The Effect of Mutations on Gene Expression and Gene Function Genetics and Society: HIV and Reverse Transcription PART III: Analysis of Genetic Information 9. Digital Analysis of DNA 9.1 Sequence-Specific DNA Fragmentation 9.2 Cloning Fragments of DNA 9.3 Hybridization 9.4 The Polymerase Chain Reaction 9.5 DNA Sequence Analysis 9.6 Bioinformatics: Information Technology and Genomes 9.7 The Hemoglobin Genes: A Comprehensive Example Tools of Genetics: Serendipity in Science: The Discovery of Restriction Enzymes Genetics and Society: The Use of Recombinant DNA Technology and Pest- Resistant Crops 10. Genomes and Proteomes 10.1 Large-Scale Genome Mapping and Analysis 10.2 Major Insights from Human and Model Organism Genome Sequences 10.3 Global Analysis of Genes and Their mRNAs 10.4 Global Analysis of Proteomes 10.5 Repercussions of the Human Genome Project and High-Throughput Technology Genetics and Society: Patentability of DNA 11. Genome-Wide Variation and Trait Analysis 11.1 Genetic Variation Among Individual Genomes 11.2 (SNPs) and Small-Scale-Length Variations 11.3 Deletions or Duplications of a DNA Region 11.4 Positional Cloning: From DNA Markers to Disease-Causing Genes 11.5 Complex Traits 11.6 Genome-Wide Association Studies Genetics and Society: Social and Ethical Issues Surrounding Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis PART IV: How Genes Travel on Chromosomes 12. The Eukaryotic Chromosome 12.1 Chromosomal DNA and Proteins 12.2 Chromosome Structure and Compaction 12.3 Chromosomal Packaging and Function 12.4 Replication and Segregation of Chromosomes 13. Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number 13.1 Rearrangements of DNA Sequences 13.2 Transposable Genetic Elements 13.3 Rearrangements and Evolution: A Speculative Comprehensive Example 13.4 Changes in Chromosome Number 13.5 Emergent Technologies: Beyond the Karyotype Fast Forward: Programmed DNA Rearrangements and the Immune System 14. Prokaryotic and Organelle Genetics 14.1 A General Overview of Bacteria 14.2 Bacterial Genomes 14.3 Gene Transfer in Bacteria 14.4 Bacterial Genetic Analysis 14.5 The Genetics of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria 14.6 Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria 14.7 mtDNA Mutations and Human Health Genetics and Society: Mitochondrial DNA Tests as Evidence of Kinship in Argentine Courts PART V: How Genes Are Regulated 15. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes 15.1 Overview of Prokaryotic Gene Regulation 15.2 The Regulation of Gene Transcription 15.3 Attenuation of Gene Expression: Termination of Transcription 15.4 Global Regulatory Mechanisms 15.5 A Comprehensive Example: The Regulation of Virulence Genes in V. cholerae Genetics and Society: Nitrogen Fixation and Gene Regulation 16. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes 16.1 Overview of Eukaryotic Gene Regulation 16.2 Control of Transcription Initiation 16.3 Chromatin Structure and Epigenetic Effects 16.4 Regulation After Transcription 16.5 A Comprehensive Example: Sex Determination in Drosophila Tools of Genetics: RNA Interference and Treatment of Disease 17. Somatic Mutation and the Genetics of Cancer 17.1 Overview: Initiation of Division 17.2 Cancer: A Failure of Control Over Cell Division 17.3 The Normal Control of Cell Division Genetics and Society: The Uses of Genetic Testing in Predicting and Treating Cancer 18. Using Genetics to Study Development 18.1 Model Organisms: Prototypes for Developmental Genetics 18.2 Using Mutations to Dissect Development 18.3 Analysis of Developmental Pathways 18.4 A Comprehensive Example: Body-Plan Development in Drosophila 18.5 How Genes Help Control Development Genetics and Society: Stem Cells and Human Cloning PART VI: Beyond the Individual Gene and Genome 19. Variation and Selection in Populations 19.1 The Hardy-Weinberg Law: Predicting Genetic Variation in Populations 19.2 Causes of Allele Frequency Changes 19.3 Analyzing Quantitative Variation Genetics and Society: DNA Analysis and 9/11 Victim Identification 20. Evolution at the Molecular Level 20.1 The Origin of Life on Earth 20.2 The Evolution of Genomes 20.3 The Organization of Genomes 20.4 A Comprehensive Example: Rapid Evolution in the Immune Response and in HIV Genetics and Society: Evolution Versus Intelligent Design 21. Systems Biology and the Future of Medicine 21.1 What Is Systems Biology? 21.2 Biology as an Informational Science 21.3 The Practice of Systems Biology 21.4 A Systems Approach to Disease Guidelines for Gene Nomenclature Brief Answer Section Glossary Credits INDEX