ENGLISH

Using Statistics in Small-Scale Language Education Research: Focus on Non-Parametric Data

By Jean L. Turner

Book information

Publisher
Routledge
Year
2014
ISBN
9780203526927
Language
english
Format
PDF
Filesize
3 MB (3503511 bytes)
Edition
1st
Pages
359\359
Time added
2019-08-14 14:48:46

Description

Assuming no familiarity with statistical methods, this text for language education research methods and statistics courses provides detailed guidance and instruction on principles of designing, conducting, interpreting, reading, and evaluating statistical research done in classroom settings or with a small number of participants. While three different types of statistics are addressed (descriptive, parametric, non-parametric) the emphasis is on non-parametric statistics because they are appropriate when the number of participants is small and the conditions for use of parametric statistics are not satisfied. The emphasis on non-parametric statistics is unique and complements the growing interest among second and foreign language educators in doing statistical research in classrooms. Designed to help students and other language education researchers to identify and use analyses that are appropriate for their studies, taking into account the number of participants and the shape of the data distribution, the text includes sample studies to illustrate the important points in each chapter and exercises to promote understanding of the concepts and the development of practical research skills. Mathematical operations are explained in detail, and step-by-step illustrations in the use of R (a very powerful, online, freeware program) to perform all calculations are provided. A Companion Website extends and enhances the text with PowerPoint presentations illustrating how to carry out calculations and use R; practice exercises with answer keys; data sets in Excel MS-DOS format; and quiz, midterm, and final problems with answer keys. Cover......Page 1 Title......Page 6 Copyright......Page 7 CONTENTS......Page 8 Preface......Page 10 Acknowledgments......Page 14 Section I Foundations......Page 16 1 What Is Research?......Page 18 2 Defining and Describing Variables......Page 30 3 Designing Sound Research—Variable Roles, Threats to Validity, and Research Design......Page 78 4 How Are Research Questions Formed and What Are the Parts of Well-Written Research Reports?......Page 106 5 What Is Logical About Statistical Logic and What Purposes Does It Serve?......Page 114 Section II Analyzing Differences Between Two Sets of Data......Page 136 6 The Parametric t-Test Statistics......Page 138 7 The Non-parametric Wilcoxon Rank Sum and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Statistics......Page 180 Section III Analyzing Differences Among More Than Two Sets of Data......Page 234 8 Introduction to the Parametric Between-Groups Analysis of Variance Statistic......Page 236 9 The Non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis and Friedman’s Test Statistics......Page 258 Section IV Analyzing Patterns Within a Variable and Between Two Variables......Page 288 10 The Parametric Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient Statistic......Page 290 11 The Non-parametric Spearman’s rho and Kendall’s tau Statistics......Page 315 12 The Non-parametric Chi-Squared Statistics......Page 328 References......Page 350 Index......Page 354

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