Marathi

Description

Marathi Editorial page Title page LCC data Table of contents Foreword Preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations and symbols 1. Introduction 1.0 Area and speakers 1.1 Linguistic characteristics 1.2 Language and literature 1.3 Marathi grammarians 1.4 Script Notes 2. Sound system 2.1 Vowels and diphthongs 2.1.1 Length 2.1.2 Borrowed vowels 2.1.3 Distribution of vowels 2.1.4 Nasalization of vowels 2.2 Consonants 2.2.1 Description of consonants and their distribution 2.3 Phonotactics 2.3.1 Word-initial consonant-clusters 2.3.2 Word-medial geminates 2.3.3 Word-medial non-geminates 2.4 Syllable structure 2.5 Accent 2.5.1 Accent rules 2.6 Phonological processes 2.6.1 Assimilation 2.6.2 Palatalization 2.6.3 Aspiration 2.6.4 Deaspiration 2.6.5 Metathesis 2.6.6 Devoicing 2.6.7 Voicing 2.6.8 Diphthongization 2.6.9 Vowel harmony 2.6.10 Vowel raising 2.6.11 Deletion and insertion 2.6.12 Vowel to semi-vowel 2.7 Intonation 2.7.1 Rising 2.7.2 Falling 2.7.3 Level 2.7.4 Reversal in use 2.7.5 Drawled 2.7.6 Rise-fall 2.7.7 Fall-rise 2.7.8 Juncture Notes 3. Morphology 3.0 Parts of speech 3.1 Noun 3.1.1 Gender 3.1.2 Number 3.1.3 Case 3.2 Pronoun 3.2.1 Personal pronouns 3.2.2 Reflexive pronouns 3.2.3 Reciprocal pronouns 3.2.4 Demonstrative pronouns 3.2.5 Relative and correlative pronouns 3.2.6 Interrogative pronouns 3.2.7 Indefinite pronouns / quantifiers 3.3 Adjective 3.3.1 Inflecting and non-inflecting 3.3.2 Adjective types 3.4 Verb 3.4.1 Auxiliaries and simple verbs 3.4.2 Compound verbs 3.4.3 Phrasal verbs 3.4.4 Tense and aspect 3.5 Adverb 3.5.1 Basic adverbs 3.5.2 Derived adverbs 3.5.3 Minor types 3.5.4 Semantic classification 3.5.5 Order of adverbs 3.6 Postposition 3.6.1 Place of postpositions 3.6.2 Postposition types 3.6.3 Compound postpositions 3.7 Conjunction 3.7.1 Coordinating conjunctions 3.7.2 Subordinating conjunctions 3.7.3 Adsententials 3.8 Particles 3.8.1 Assertive particles 3.8.2 Intensifiers 3.9 Interjections Notes 4. Word formation 4.0 Formation of words 4.1 Noun formation 4.1.1 Prefixation 4.1.2 Suffixation 4.2 Adjective formation 4.2.1 Prefixation 4.2.2 Suffixation 4.3 Verb formation 4.3.1 Verb formation processes 4.3.2 Suffixation 4.3.3 Causative verbs 4.3.4 Abilitative verbs 4.4 Compounds 4.4.1 Conjoining 4.4.2 Compound nouns 4.4.3 Compound adjectives 4.5 Reduplication 4.5.1 Phonological reduplication 4.5.2 Semantic reduplication 4.6 Intensifiers 4.6.1 Function 4.7 Diminutives 4.7.1 Diminutive suffixes 4.8 Unique morphemes 4.8.1 Gooseberry type morphemes Notes 5. Subject and agreement 5.0 Agreement dilemma 5.1 Agreement resolution 5.1.1 Non-perfective aspect 5.1.2 Perfective aspect 5.1.3 Obligative-desiderative/subjunctive 5.1.4 Pronominals 5.2 Subjects 5.2.1 Nominative and ergative subjects 5.2.2 Dative subjects 5.2.3 Passive subjects 5.2.4 Subject hierarchy 5.3 Direct objects 5.4 Indirect objects Notes 6. Simple sentences 6.0 Sentential structure 6.1 Word order 6.2 Copular sentences 6.3 Declarative sentences 6.3.1 Intransitives 6.3.2 Transitives 6.3.3 Causatives 6.3.4 Impersonal sentences 6.4 Null subject sentences 6.5 Dative sentences 6.6 Passive sentences 6.7 Modal sentences 6.7.1 Modals by suffixation 6.7.2 Compound modals Notes 7. Complex sentences 7.0 Introduction 7.1 Complement structures 7.1.1 Finite complement clauses 7.1.2 Small clause complements 7.1.3 Non-finite complement clauses 7.2 Correlative structures 7.2.1 Adjectival correlatives 7.2.2 Appositive correlatives 7.2.3 Non-finite adjectival relative clauses 7.2.4 Adverbial correlative clauses 7.2.5 Conjunctive adverbial clauses Notes 8. Compound sentences 8.0 Coordination 8.1 Conjunctive coordinators 8.2 Sentence coordination 8.3 Constituent coordination 8.3.1 Noun coordination 8.3.2 Pronoun coordination 8.3.3 Special verbs 8.4 Deletion of identical elements 8.5 Coordination and accompaniment 8.6 Disjunctive structures 8.6.1 Sentence constituents 8.7 Adversative structures 9. Interrogative sentences 9.0 Introduction 9.1 Marathi interrogatives 9.2 Closed interrogatives 9.2.1 Neutral questions 9.2.2 Alternative questions 9.2.3 Leading Yes/no questions 9.2.4 Rhetorical questions 9.3 Open interrogatives 9.3.1 Questions in simple sentences 9.4 The scope of question words 9.4.1 Reduplicated question words 9.4.2 Multiple question words 9.4.3 Question words in a non-finite clause Notes 10. Negation 10.0 Introduction 10.1 Previous accounts 10.1.1 Preliminaries 10.1.2 Scope vs. focus 10.2 Sentential negation 10.2.1 Imperatives 10.2.2 Desiderative/subjunctive 10.2.3 Obligation 10.2.4 Necessity 10.2.5 Possibility 10.3 Quantifiers and negation 10.3.1 Existential quantifiers 10.3.2 Universal quantifier 10.3.3 Aggregates 10.3.4 Approximate quantifiers 10.3.5 Negation dependent idioms 10.4 Complex sentences 10.5 Coordinates 10.6 Constituent negation 10.7 Nahi vs. na Notes 11. Lexical anaphors and pronouns 11.0 A cross language perspective 11.1. Reflexives 11.1.1 Sw∂tah 11.1.2 Ap∂n 11.1.3 Emphatic reflexives 11.1.4 Voluntary reflexives 11.1.5 Reflexives in pragmatic contexts 11.2 Reciprocals 11.2.1 Mutual reciprocity 11.2.2 Reflexive reciprocity 11.3 Personal pronouns 11.3.1 Special pronoun ap∂n 11.3.2 Personal pronouns 11.3.3 Pronouns as logophors 11.3.4 Pronouns in discourse Notes 12. Sample texts 12.1 Written samples 12.1.1 Shrawanbelgol Karnataka Inscription: A.D. 1116—1117 12.1.2 News 12.1.3 Advertisements 12.2 Spoken 12.2.1 Telephone conversation between two women 12.2.2 Conversation between a doctor and a patient 12.2.3 Television announcement Appendix A. The language of women Notes Appendix B. Acquisition of Marathi Phonology Morphology Syntax Semantics Other abilities Observations References Subject index Name index The London Oriental and African Language Library series