Sudden cardiac death predictors, prevalence and clinical perspectives

Description

Contents Preface Chapter 1 Arrhythmogenic Syndromes Associated with Sudden Cardiac Death Abstract Introduction Channelopathies Brugada Syndrome Long QT Syndrome Short QT Syndrome Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia Conclusion References Chapter 2 Early Repolarization Abstract Introduction Historical Background Cellular Background Genetic Background Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis Risk Stratification ER in the Athletes Therapy Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy Pacemaker Therapy Radiofrequency Ablation Therapy Pharmacologic Therapy Conclusion and Future Perspective References Chapter 3 Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes: Reasons and Prevention Abstract Introduction The Epidemiology of SCD in Sport SCD and Types of Sports Сommotio Cordis Gender and Age of the Victims Circumstances of SCD and Prodromal Symptoms Causes of SCD Ethnic Differences SCD Prevention in Athletes References Chapter 4 Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Essentials Abstract Introduction The Concept of SCD The Legend of SCD in Athletes Epidemiology of SCD in Athletes Etiology (Common Causes) of SCD in Athletes Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia Coronary Artery Disease Athlete’s Heart Ergogenic aids or Performance-Enhancing Substances Screening Challenges Summary References Chapter 5 Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease Abstract Abbreviations Introduction Incidence and Prevalence of Congenital Heart Disease Life Expectancy and Quality of Life of CHD Patients Other Causes of Death among CHD Patients Incidence and Risk Factors of Sudden Cardiac Death Early Postoperative (Sudden) Death Congenital Coronary Artery Anomalies Surgical Intervention in Coronary Artery Anomalies Arrhythmic Causes of Sudden Cardiac Death Supraventricular Tachycardias Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias Cardiac Surgery and Arrhythmias Heart Failure and Arrhythmia ICD Indications Outcomes of ICD Implantations Conclusion References Chapter 6 Sudden Cardiac Death in Women Abstract Introduction Epıdemıology Pathophysiology Risk Factors Diet and Exercise Factors Psychosocial Risk Factors Genetic Factors Management and Treatment Strategies CRT Treatment Conclusion References Chapter 7 New Advances in Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) Risk Stratification in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Abstract Introduction Current State-of-the-Art SCD Risk Stratification in HCM USA Perspective The European Perspective SCD Risk Factors 1. Prior Personal History of Resuscitated Cardiac Arrest 2. Age 3. Family History of SCD 4. Unexplained Syncope 5. LV Outflow Tract (LVOT) Obstruction 6. Maximal LV Wall Thickness 7. Left Atrial (LA) Diameter 8. NSVT 9. Abnormal Blood Pressure Response to Exercise New Modifying Risk Factors and New-Arbitrators 1. LV Apical Aneurysm 2. Multiple Sarcomere Gene Mutations 3. Myocardial Fibrosis (MF) 4. ES-HCM Key Messages Future Perspectives 1. Research on Myocardial Fibrosis 2. Research on Myocardial Ischemia and Microvascular Dysfunction 3. Research on Genetics References Chapter 8 Chagas Cardiomyopathy as One of the Leading Causes of Sudden Cardiac Death in the Hispanic Population Abstract Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) Signs and Symptoms Epidemiology of Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) in Latin America History of Chagas Disease in Latin America: A Brief Summary Chagas Disease in Our Days Chagas Disease in the 21st Century: A Global Perspective Chagas Disease as a Neglected Tropical Disease in Latin America Pathogenesis of Chagas Cardiomyopathy Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiac Electromechanical Remodeling during Chagas Disease Role of the Inflammatory Response in the Severity of the Myocarditis and Heart Contractility during Chagas Disease Cardiac Electric Remodeling during Chagas Disease The Inflammatory Response in the Heart during the Chronic Phase as a Therapeutic Target for Chagas Disease: Paradigm of TNF Anti-TNF Therapy in Chagas Cardiomyopathy Clinical Manifestations of Chagas Disease Acute Phase Chronic Indeterminate Form Chronic Determinate Forms Chronic Cardiomyopathy Cardiac Involvement Cardiac Parasympathetic Neuronal Depopulation Immune-Mediated Myocardial Injury Parasite Persistence in Cardiac Tissue with Secondary Antigenic Stimulation Coronary Microvascular Abnormalities Histopathology of Chronic Chagasic Cardiomyopathy Role of Imaging Studies in Chagas Cardiomyopathy Role of Cardiac Biomarkers in Chagas Cardiomyopathy Chagasic Ventricular Arrhythmia Sudden Cardiac Death in Chagas Disease Identification of Chagasic Population at Risk Information Derived from Secondary Prevention Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Observational Studies in Chagas Disease Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death in Chagas Disease: The CHAGASICS Study (Amiodarone against ICD Therapy in Chagas Cardiomyopathy for Primary Prevention of Death) Diagnosis of Chagas Disease in a Nutshell Treatment of Chagas Cardiomyopathy Pharmacology Treatment New Treatment Development Indications for Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation in Chagas Disease Catheter Ablation of Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia in Chagasic Cardiomyopathy Epicardial Ablation of Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia in Chagas Heart Disease Clinical Course After CDI Implantation in Chagas Cardiomyopathy Prognosis of Chagas Cardiomyopathy References Chapter 9 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for Risk Stratification of Sudden Cardiac Death Abstract Abbreviations Introduction Ischemic Cardiomyopathy CMR For Risk Stratification in Primary Prevention of SCD Risk Stratification for Primary Prevention of SCD in the Early Phase After AMI Risk Stratification for Secondary Prevention of SCD Gaps in Evidence and Future Perspectives Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathies Dilated Cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia Sarcoidosis Iron Overload Cardiomyopathy Cardiac Amyloidosis References Chapter 10 Cancer Treatment and the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death Abstract Abbreviations Introduction Definition of the SCD Causes of SCD in Cancer Patients (Di Maio 1980) (Inagaki 1974) Classification of Cardiac Toxicity Causing SCD (Di Maio 1980) (Inagaki 1974) (Kufe DW) 1. Toxicity Causing a Direct SCD (i.e Arrhythmias) 2. Toxicity Ending into SCD (i.e CHD, Heart Failure, Etc.) Chemotherapy and Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) 1. Angina 2. Acute Coronary Syndrome (MI) 3. Congestive Heart Failure 4. Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism 5. Arrhythmias The Main Drugs Used to Treat Cancer and Cause Sudden Cardiac Death 1. Anthracyclines 2. Cyclophosphamides (ESC CPG Position Paper 2016) 3. Fluoropyrimidines 4. Cytokines and Monoclonal Antibodies 5. Inhibitors of Microtubule Polymerization 6. Novel Cancer Therapies A. Radiotherapy and Sudden Cardiac Death Arrhythmias and Cardiotoxicity Types of Arrhythmias in Cancer Treated Patients The Main Arrhythmogenic Cancer Drugs Usual Treatment of Secondary Arrhythmias Supra Ventricular Arrhythmias (SV) Ventricular Arrhythmias Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) and Cancer Therapy Acute TLS Chemotherapy Drugs That May Cause Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) Radiotherapy and TLS: (Mirrakhimov 2015) Management of TLS Pericardial Tamponade and Cancer Drugs Acute Hemorrhage and Cancer Drugs Pulmonary-Embolism (PE) and Cancer Drugs QTC - Interval Prolongation and Cancer Drugs Cardiomyopathy and Cancer Medications Coronary Artery Disease Atrial Fibrillation and Cancer Drugs as a Risk For Sudden Cardiac Death Conclusion References Chapter 11 The Role of Novel Echocardiographic Techniques for Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death Abstract Introduction New Predictors for Improving SCD Risk Stratification New Echocardiographic Techniques for SCD Risk Stratification Three-Dimensional Ejection Fraction Applying Strain Imaging to Improve Risk Stratification Ischemic Heart Disease Dilated Cardiomyopathy Other Cardiomyopathies Long QT Syndrome Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy Chagas Cardiomyopathy Limitations of Speckle Tracking Echocardiography Implementing Strain and Mechanical Dispersion into Clinical Practice Conclusion References Editor’s Contact Information Index Blank Page