Scalable Processing of Spatial-Keyword Queries

Description

Text data that is associated with location data has become ubiquitous. A tweet is an example of this type of data, where the text in a tweet is associated with the location where the tweet has been issued. We use the term spatial-keyword data to refer to this type of data. Spatial-keyword data is being generated at massive scale. Almost all online transactions have an associated spatial trace. The spatial trace is derived from GPS coordinates, IP addresses, or cell-phone-tower locations. Hundreds of millions or even billions of spatial keyword objects are being generated daily. Spatial-keyword data has numerous applications that require efficient processing and management of massive amounts of spatial-keyword data. This book starts by overviewing some important applications of spatial-keyword data, and demonstrates the scale at which spatial-keyword data is being generated. Then, it formalizes and classifies the various types of queries that execute over spatial-keyword data. Next, it discusses important and desirable properties of spatial-keyword query languages that are needed to express queries over spatial-keyword data. As will be illustrated, existing spatial-keyword query languages vary in the types of spatial-keyword queries that they can support. There are many systems that process spatial-keyword queries. Systems differ from each other in various aspects, e.g., whether the system is batch-oriented or stream-based, and whether the system is centralized or distributed. Moreover, spatial-keyword systems vary in the types of queries that they support. Finally, systems vary in the types of indexing techniques that they adopt. This book provides an overview of the main spatial-keyword data-management systems (SKDMSs), and classifies them according to their features. Moreover, the book describes the main approaches adopted when indexing spatial-keyword data in the centralized and distributed settings. Several case studies of {SKDMSs} are presented along with the applications and query types that these {SKDMSs} are targeted for and the indexing techniques they utilize for processing their queries. Optimizing the performance and the query processing of {SKDMSs} still has many research challenges and open problems. The book concludes with a discussion about several important and open research-problems in the domain of scalable spatial-keyword processing. Preface Acknowledgments Introduction Spatial-Keyword Data Spatial-Keyword Applications Querying Spatial-Keyword Data Spatial-Keyword Query Predicates The Spatial-Keyword Select Predicate The Spatial-Keyword Join Predicates The Spatial-Keyword Group Predicate Continuous Spatial-Keyword Queries Aggregate Spatial-Keyword Predicates Distance Metrics in Spatial-Keyword Predicates Spatial-Keyword Query Languages GNIP Microblogs Query Language (MQL) Atlas Centralized Spatial-Keyword Query Processing Spatial Indexing Space-Driven Indexes Data-Driven Spatial Indexes Text Indexes Spatial-Keyword Indexes Space-First Spatial-Keyword Indexing Text-First Indexing Interleaved Spatial-Keyword Indexing Separate Spatial and Keyword Indexes Spatiotemporal-Keyword Indexing Case Studies Distributed Spatial-Keyword Processing General-Purpose Big-Data Systems Batch-Oriented Systems Big-Data Streaming Systems Big Spatial-Keyword Data Management Systems Application on Top of Existing Big-Data System Extension to General-Purpose Big-Data Systems Dedicated Big Spatial-Keyword Data Management Systems Strategies to Distribute and Index Data in Big SKDMSs Spatial-Only Indexing Hash-Based Indexing Hybrid Indexing Partitioning of Spatial-Keyword Data Streams Case Studies Open Research Problems in Spatial-Keyword Processing Load Balancing Spatial-Keyword Benchmarks Spatial-Keyword Query Optimizer Big Spatio-Temporal Keyword Query Processing Bibliography Authors' Biographies Blank Page