Breaking Through: Understanding Sovereignty and Security in the Circumpolar Arctic

Description

Globalization, climate change, and increased geopolitical competition are having a profound impact on the Arctic, affecting how we understand both sovereignty and security within the region. In Breaking Through, a diverse group of emerging and established scholars examine Arctic sovereignty and security, rarely examined together, and present a theoretically robust study of Arctic sovereignty and security in both historical and contemporary contexts. Throughout the volume, readers will discover fresh perspectives on under-studied dimensions of Arctic sovereignty, including: environmental changes, foreign and security policies, and how Indigenous peoples interact to produce different meanings of sovereignty and security in the Arctic. Drawing on extensive primary and secondary research, Breaking Through offers important and timely conclusions for policymakers, advocates, scholars, and students. Cover Title Page Copyright Contents Understanding Sovereignty and Security in the Circumpolar Arctic: An Introduction What Are (Arctic) Sovereignty and Security? Seeking Better Understanding NOTES 1 In Search of Polar Sovereignty, 1900–1959 A Bipolar Understanding “Far from Settled”: Polar Sovereignty and the Ambiguous Principles of Territorial Acquisition State Policy in an Anomalous Legal Space The Search for Sovereignty Continues NOTES 2 The Gentlemen’s Agreement: Sovereignty, Defence, and Canadian–American Diplomacy in the Arctic Defining Canadian Sovereignty Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell Early Submarine Voyages The SS Manhattan Rocks the Boat Fitting Under-Ice Defence into the Equation The Polar Sea Conclusion NOTES 3 Arctic Security and Sovereignty through a Media Lens: From a Pile of Frozen Rocks to the Bottom of the Sea A First Crisis: Hans Island A Second Crisis: USS Charlotte A Third Crisis: To the Bottom of the Sea Conclusion NOTES 4 Understanding Arctic Security: A Defence of Traditional Security Analysis Traditional/Narrow Security Understanding the Issue The Return of Hard Politics and the Need for a Traditional Understanding of Arctic Security Conclusion NOTES 5 National Security and the High North: Post–Cold War Arctic Security Policy in Norway History and the High North Post–Cold War Northern Security The Two Pillars of Norwegian Arctic Security Conclusion NOTES 6 Russia and Arctic Security: Inward-Looking Realities Threat Perceptions and Security Doctrines Hard Security Strategy Soft Security Agenda Conclusions NOTES 7 Toward a Comprehensive Approach to Canadian Security and Safety in the Arctic Setting the Context: “Sovereignty on Thinning Ice” and “New” Security Threats “Defending Sovereignty”: Militant Sovereignty and Security Rhetoric, 2005–2007 Toward a Comprehensive Approach: The Emergence of New Narratives, 2008–2015 The Canadian Military: Downplaying Conventional Defence Threats and Articulating a “Whole of Government” Role Conclusion NOTES 8 One Arctic? Northern Security in Canada and Norway Security Regions Arctic Security Norway’s High North Northern Canada Two Arctics Conclusion NOTES 9 Understanding the Recent History of Energy Security in the Arctic What Kind of Energy Security? The Importance of Historical Contingency Energy Security and the Arctic Conclusion NOTES 10 Human Insecurities of Marginalized Peoples in the Arctic: The Cost of Arctic and Nordic Exceptionalism Security Discourses in the Arctic Whose Exceptionalism? Human Security Feminist and Intersectional Approaches to Security Human Insecurity in the Arctic – from Indigenous to Afghan Insecurities NOTES 11 Addressing Inequalities in the Arctic: Food Security in Nunavut Nunavut and a Right to Food Nunavut’s Policies and Action on Food Security Inuit Rights, Food Security, and Sovereignty Conclusion NOTES 12 The Transformative Power of “Security” Talk The New Arctic To Think with “Security” Climate Change Insecurity: Kivalina Food Security Food Insecurity in Nunavut Food Security in Alaska Conclusion NOTES Afterword: Sovereign Futures in an Insecure Arctic Conclusion NOTES Contributors Index