Urine Sediment

Description

This book is a comprehensive resource and up-to-date description of all urinary sediment constituents which are presented in bright-field mode and in phase-contrast mode. Thanks to numerous detailed images of urinary sediment constituents, the reader is able to easily compare what they view microscopically with high-resolution photographs and short films. The book is also designed to aid the identification of rare urine constituents in their native state without prior staining. It also features guidance on how set-up a microscope , microscopy techniques, and  preanalytics. Exercises focused on microscopic analysis and diagnosis and a urinary sediment quiz reinforce key concepts to aid learning.  Urine Sediment provides a practically applicable guide to the recognition of urinary sediment constituents. It is therefore a critical resource for trainees and experienced practitioners in urology, nephrology, gynecology and general practice who need to be able to accurately and quickly identify urine sediment constituents. Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Contents Abbreviations About the Author Part I 1: The Microscope 1.1 Structure of the Microscope 1.2 Cleaning and Maintaining the Microscope 1.3 Servicing the Microscope 1.4 Light Bulb Replacement 2: Setting-Up Köhler Illumination 2.1 Setting-Up Köhler Illumination or Aligning the Microscope 2.2 Quick Guide to Setting-Up Köhler Illumination Reference 3: Phase-Contrast Microscopy 3.1 Application 3.2 What Is Required for Changeover? 3.3 The Light Pathway of Phase-Contrast Microscopy 3.4 Phase-Contrast Microscopy Equipment 3.4.1 PhaCo Objective 3.4.2 PhaCo Condensers 3.5 Centering the Phase Rings 4: Macroscopic Urinalysis 4.1 Color 4.1.1 Some Examples 4.2 Odor 4.2.1 Some Examples 4.3 Cloudiness 4.3.1 Some Examples 5: Microscopic Urinalysis 5.1 Urine Sediment Preparation 5.1.1 Performance 5.2 Error Checklist and Tips for Urine Sediment Preparation 5.3 Discussion: Types of Centrifuge (Fig. 5.2) 5.4 Centrifuge Nomogram 5.5 Preparing the Native Sample 5.5.1 Materials (Fig. 5.4) 5.5.2 Performance 5.6 Switching the Microscope Between Bright-Field and Phase-Contrast 5.6.1 Switching the Microscope from Bright-Field to Phase-Contrast Microscopy 5.6.2 Switching the Microscope from Phase-Contrast to Bright-Field Microscopy 5.7 Specimen-Specific Adjustment of the Microscope 5.8 Semi-quantitative Analysis/Units 5.9 Discussion: Field Number and Normal Values 6: Anatomy of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract System 7: Description of Urinary Sediment Constituents 7.1 Erythrocytes 7.1.1 Hematuria (Increased Excretion of Erythrocytes in Urine) 7.1.2 Eumorphic Erythrocytes—NR: 0–1/HPF 7.1.2.1 Biconcave, Disc-Shaped Erythrocytes (pH = 6) 7.1.2.2 Thorn Apple-Shaped Erythrocytes (pH  6) 7.1.3 Dysmorphic Erythrocytes 7.1.4 Acanthocytes—NR: