Fetal Growth Restriction: Current Evidence and Clinical Practice

Description

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a condition that affects 5%–10% of all pregnancies and is the second most common cause of perinatal mortality. Fetuses with FGR present with a greater risk of long-term health defects as impaired neurological and cognitive development and cardiovascular or endocrine diseases in adulthood. Due to its high prevalence and serious long term consequences, an in-depth understating of the diagnosis and management of FGR is essential for all those professionals involved in prenatal care, since it can prevent unwanted outcomes both to the mother and to the newborn. On the last years, the knowledge about fetal growth restriction has evolved considerably, with an increasing number of articles being published on this topic and new concepts being described, including new diagnostic guidelines. Even so, there are no recent books fully dedicated to FGR; this theme has only generally been discussed in chapters in larger obstetrics and neonatology books. This current book intends to present and discuss the state of the art on FGR in a clear and didactical way. It will focus on the main topics related to FGR, including its etiology, classification, prediction, diagnosis, and management, as well as on its neurological complications and maternal cardiovascular involvement. Written by experienced and renowned gynecologists from Brazil, Italy and the US, this book will be a comprehensive guide, directed to all gynecologists, radiologists and general practitioners who are involved in prenatal care, as well as to interns, residents, professors and researchers in the field. Front Matter ....Pages i-xv Standards for Fetal Growth and Neonatal Growth Outcomes (Russell L. Deter)....Pages 1-19 Small for Gestational Age Versus Fetal Growth Restriction (Russell L. Deter)....Pages 21-34 Etiopathogeny (Anna Iacoi, Roland Axt-Fliedner)....Pages 35-39 Physiopathology (Gabriele Tonni, Edward Araujo Júnior, Maria Paola Bonasoni)....Pages 41-64 Classification (Talita Micheletti Helfer, Elisenda Eixarch, Francesc Figueras, Eduard Gratacós)....Pages 65-71 Prediction (Ana Cristina Perez Zamarian, Jader de Jesus Cruz, Luciano Marcondes Machado Nardozza)....Pages 73-82 Biochemical Assessment of Placental Function (Irene Martín-Estal, Miguel Angel Rodriguez-Zambrano, Inma Castilla-Cortázar)....Pages 83-116 Clinical Diagnosis (Alberto Borges Peixoto, Laudelino Marques Lopes, Edward Araujo Júnior)....Pages 117-127 Ultrasonography Diagnosis (Nicola Fratelli, Cristina Zanardini, Federico Prefumo)....Pages 129-137 Doppler Diagnosis (Andrea Dall’Asta, Tullio Ghi, Tiziana Frusca)....Pages 139-170 Clinical Treatment (Luciano Marcondes Machado Nardozza, Ana Carolina Rabachini Caetano, Ana Cristina Perez Zamarian)....Pages 171-184 Obstetric Management (Ana Carolina Rabachini Caetano, Luciano Marcondes Machado Nardozza)....Pages 185-193 Postnatal Prognosis (Erich Cosmi, Matteo Andolfatto, Matteo Arata, Marilia Calanducci, Silvia Visentin)....Pages 195-204 Neurological Complications (Danilo Buca, Marco Liberati, Francesco D’Antonio)....Pages 205-215 Maternal Cardiovascular Involvement (Maya Reddy, Annie Kroushev, Kirsten Palmer, Daniel Rolnik, Fabricio Da Silva Costa)....Pages 217-229 Back Matter ....Pages 231-238