Routledge Handbook of Descriptive Rhetorical Studies and World Languages

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The Routledge Handbook of Descriptive Rhetorical Studies and World Languages offers a useful collection of papers that presents rhetorical analysis of the discoursal practice in different cultural settings. Covering issues from America to Europe and Asia, and topics from politics to media, education to science, agriculture to literature, and so on, the handbook describes how language can guide listeners’ interpretations, alter their perceptions and shape their worldviews. This book offers a solid foundation for rhetorical studies to become an essential discipline in arts and humanities, engendering innovative theory and applications in areas such as linguistics, literature, history, cultural studies, political science and sociology. This handbook will be crucial for students and researchers in areas such as literature and linguistics, communication studies, political science and arts and humanities in general. This book will also be useful to social science, education, business, law, science and engineering departments due to its coverage of rhetoric in a multidisciplinary and multilingual context. Chapter 16 of this book is available for free in PDF format as Open Access from the individual product page at www.routledge.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution- Non Commercial- No Derivatives 4.0 license. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Editorial Board List of Figures List of Tables List of Contributors Introduction PART I Historical Dimension of Rhetorical Studies 1 Mandate of Heaven at the Root of Chinese Political Rhetoric: Origin, Transformation and Legacy Introduction The Origin of Chinese Rhetoric The Rhetoric of Mandate of Heaven The Rhetorical Shift in the Zhou Dynasty The Rhetorical Idea of De Shown in Bronze Inscriptions Further Development of Mandate of Heaven in the Political Context Conclusion Notes References 2 Gods of the Thresholds Liminality and the Origins of Rhetorical Theory in Ancient Global Myth Introduction Myth and Rhetoric Liminars as Personae in Ancient Rhetorical Myths Liminal Space in Ancient Myth and Rhetorical Theory Liminars: Their Symbols and Rhetorical Processes The Webs of the Liminars References 3 Rhetoric and Silence in Corporate America Ending the Patent War Between Google and Microsoft Introduction History Theory Silence Is Shaped By Its Context Silence Can Be Used to Communicate Silence Can Be Used Rhetorically Silence Can Be Analyzed and Critiqued By Studying Its Context Methodology Case Study Patents, Standards, and Licensing Agreements Analysis: Silence Vs. Rhetoric Conclusion References 4 From the Learning of Classical Rhetoric to the Learning of Communication: The Evolution of Rhetoric in... Introduction From Classical Rhetoric to Belletristic Rhetoric in Portuguese and Spanish Education The Diffusion of Belletristic Rhetoric in Portugal and Spain The Reorientation of Rhetoric Reflected in the School Manuals of Father Jeronymo D’Andrade and Raimundo De Miguel From Belletristic Rhetoric to Communication in Portuguese and Spanish Education The Current Learning of Communication in the Study Programs and School Manuals of Portuguese and Spanish The Learning of Communication in the Study Programs of Portuguese and Spanish The Learning of Rhetoric Through Father Vieira’s Sermons in Portuguese School Manuals The Communicative Approach of Spanish School Manuals Conclusion References 5 Evolution of Arabic Rhetoric From Classical Balagha to Modern Concepts of Persuasion Introduction Methodology The Traditional Concept of Arabic Rhetoric Arabic Rhetoric in the Twentieth Century Arabic Rhetoric in the Twenty-First Century Complex Rhetorical Terms Conclusion References PART II Descriptive Rhetorical Studies: Regional Diversity 6 Rhetorical Devices in Japanese The Case for Onomatopoeia Introduction Onomatopeia and the Vernacular Rhetoric and the Case for Onomatopoeia Conclusion Notes English References 7 Rhetoric of Russian Civilizational Identity: A Case Study of Patriarch Kirill’s Discourse Introduction Theoretical Premises Russia and Russian as Objects of Nomination in the Patriarch’s Rhetoric Russia Russian People Russkiy Mir: Evolution of the Concept From the Rhetorical Perspective Conclusion Acknowledgments References 8 Media Sensationalism of the West and the Rhetoric of Poverty Porn in India Introduction Media Ecosystem and Power Production The Logic of Slums: The Construction and Concealment of “Other” Spaces in Poverty Porn Poverty Porn and Othering in Popular Culture Poverty Porn and the Rhetoric of Sensationalism Changing Frames of Poverty Porn Conclusion References 9 Rhetoric of Protest, Tradition and Identity: Polish Songs of Freedom and Resistance Introduction Theoretical Framework Methodology and Data Collection Global and Pop Culture Patterns Mury [Walls] Bella Ciao Repetition of Topoi Ballada O Janku Wisniewskim [Ballad About Janek Wisniewski] Wstydzi Sie Ciebie Kraj [The Country Is Ashamed of You] Chcemy Byc Soba [We Want to Be Ourselves] Arahja Conclusion References 10 A Descriptive Study of Arabic Rhetorics Introduction The Qur’an, Aḥadīth, and Ideal Eloquence Qur’anic Exegesis and Rhetorical Criticism The Tradition of Balāgha Aristotelian and Contemporary Transcultural Rhetorical Influences Conclusion References PART III Descriptive Studies of Political Rhetoric 11 The Democrat’s Linguistic Stance Towards Migration in Electoral Campaigns: Ethos, Logos, and Pathos in Barack Obama’s and Joe Biden’s Discourses Introduction Obama’s and Biden’s Discourses Related to Immigration Barack Obama Joe Biden Objectives and Methodology Analysis: Ethos, Logos, and Pathos Ethos Logos Pathos Discussions and Conclusion References 12 Political Rhetoric in Jonathan Swift’s Conduct of the Allies: Boosting and Hedging as Persuasive Devices Introduction The Sociopolitical Context: Jonathan Swift as a Political Writer Theoretical Framework, Data, and Methods Analysis: Boosting and Hedging Boosting Hedging Conclusion References 13 The Rhetoric of the Immigration Discourse of Far-Right Parties in Spain and France Introduction Analytical Framework Methodology Corpus Analysis The Logos Dimension of Immigration Discourse The Ethos Dimension of Immigration Discourse The Pathos Dimension of Immigration Discourse Discussion Conclusion Notes References 14 Rhetoric of Polish Political Discourse On Family Introduction The Discourse-Historical Approach Right-Wing Populist Rhetoric The Rhetoric of Polish RWP Discourse On Family in the Twenty-First Century The Traditional Model of Family According to the PiS Party Other Models of Family Women Children Conclusion References 15 Multimodal Nationalist Rhetoric in Finland: From Banal to Extreme Political Persuasion Introduction The Rise of (New) Nationalist Rhetoric Multimodal Rhetoric: New Modes of an Old Phenomenon Contents, Forms, and Functions of Multimodal Nationalist Rhetoric in Finland National Stereotypes in Photojournalism Continuity of the Nation in Advertising Outgroup Derogation in Political Election Videos Derogatory Humor in Internet Memes Conclusion References 16 Between Adversariness and Compromise: A Rhetorical Analysis of Greek Political Discourse in Times of Crisis Introduction The Study of Rhetoric in Contemporary Greek Humanities and Social Sciences Scholarship Revisiting and Expanding Classical Rhetorical Categories: Endoxa and Topoi Political Rhetoric and Parliamentary Debates Sample Analysis: The Debate On Greece’s First Bailout Program What Future for Contemporary Greek Rhetorical Studies? Acknowledgements References PART IV Rhetorical Analysis of Academic and Professional Texts 17 The Failing Essay: Broadening the “Composition” of Critical Pedagogy in the Age of Digital Literacy Introduction Renaming the Spaces of Composition Caught Up in the Essay Rut Writing Technology and Its Rhetorical Aims New Media The Changing Definition of “Academic” Writing Where Is the “Academic” in Multimodal Composition? Invention in First-Year Writing Beyond the “Service” Essay Building Online Writerly Communities Caught-up in the Essay Rut The Rhetorical “Character” of Academic Writing I Don’t Need Technology / My Assignments Have ALWAYS Worked Positionality, Oppositional Antagonism, and the Traditional Essay Form A Pedagogy of Positionality A History of Challenging the Traditional Essay Building Toward a Genre of Disciplinarity Expressivism and a Coming to Voice Theory Versus Practice: Naming the Disjuncture Bridging the Gap Why a Genre of “E-Composition”? Do Traditional “Skills” Matter? References 18 Diverse Voices?: A Rhetorical Analysis of First-Year Composition Textbooks and Open Education Resources Introduction Composition Studies’ Calls for Diversity Marginalized Voices in Textbooks Methodology Coding Scheme Findings Overall Statistics Readers, Rhetorics, OERs, and Marginalization Intersectionality and Multiple Marginalizations Representation of Race in the Corpus Representation of Gender/Sex in the Corpus Representation of Class in the Corpus Representation of Sexuality in the Corpus Representation of Immigration in the Corpus Representation of Religion in the Corpus Representation of Language in the Corpus Representation of Disability in the Corpus Discussion Conclusion References 19 Demonstrating and Debating Climate Change: The Function of Rhetoric From Science to the Public Introduction Linguistic Research On Climate Change Research On Climate Change Science Debates Science Goes to the Media News Media Social Media Platforms Visual Rhetoric of Climate Change Conclusion References 20 A Descriptive Study of Rhetoric in South Korean Business Texts: CEOs’ Quality Management Rhetoric and Audience Responses Introduction Quality Management Rhetoric and Entrepreneurship Confucian Values Korean-Style Neoliberalism Audience Response to Business Texts Research Methods Quality Management Rhetoric in the Samsung CEO’s Remarks The Audience’s Reactions to the Rhetoric Perceptions of Entrepreneurship, Neoliberalism, and Confucian Values Conclusions Notes References 21 Discursive Strategies of Persuasion in the Film Review Genre: The Case of the Reviewer’s Ethos Introduction The Film Review Genre as a Contextually Based Persuasive Discourse and the Corpus The Film Review as a Cultural Activity Discourse Participants Justified Assessment The Corpus Method: The DSPs in the Construction of the Reviewer’s Ethos An Ethos Based On Phronêsis (“Practical Wisdom”) and Aretê (“Virtue”): The Case of Expert and Filmic Discourse Expert Discourse Filmic Discourse An Ethos Based On Eunoia (“Goodwill”): The Case of Phatic and Appraisive Discourse Phatic Discourse Appraisive Discourse Conclusion Note References PART V The Visual and Affective Domains of Descriptive Rhetorical Analysis 22 Visual Rhetoric of Otherness in Newspaper Photographs of the European Refugee Crisis Introduction Otherness Visual Rhetoric Visual Rhetoric of Otherness in Newspaper Photographs of Refugees Depictions of People Crowds of Refugees Images of Smaller Groups of Refugees and Individuals Authorities and Celebrities in Images of Refugees Depictions of Environments and Objects Borders and Refugee Camps Border Walls and Razor Wire Boats, Trains, and Buses Means of Visual Expression Refugees as Objects of Western Gaze High Viewing Angle Long Shots and Closeups Conclusion References 23 Visual Representation of Food in Italian Cinema Introduction Food in Cinema Methodological Approach Analysis of Eating Scenes From Films Amarcord By Federico Fellini La Cena By Ettore Scola Conclusion References 24 The Ethos-Pathos Continuum in the Portuguese “Obrigado” Advertising Campaign Introduction Rhetorical Ethos in Advertising Pathetic Ethos Rhetorical Analysis Conclusion References 25 Emotional Rationality as an Indicator of Rhetoric Discourse in Polish Agricultural Texts Introduction Persuasive Potential of Topos in Polish Agricultural Discourse Specific Nature of Persuasion in Polish Agricultural Discourse The Rational Emotionality of the Rhetorical Image of Agriculture and the Countryside in Polish Literature The Varied Rhetorical Image of Agriculture and Rural Areas in Contemporary Polish – Between Literalness and Metaphor Conclusion Note References 26 Rhetoric in Travel Writing: A Tool to Enhance Verisimilitude and Persuade Readers Introduction: Travel, Travel Writing, and Rhetoric A Brief Historical Overview of Travel Writing The Historiographic Value of Travelogues: The (Re)Discovery Figures of Speech in Travelogues Anacoenosis (Communication) Anakephalaiosis (Recapitulation) Definition Dialogism Exergasia (Repetition) Foreignization Conclusion Notes References 27 Ethos, Pathos, and Logos in Culture: An Analysis and Visualization of the Rhetorical Structure of Narrative in Japanese Introduction Framework of Analysis Ethos Ethos Based On Credibility Ethos Based On Likeability Pathos Pathos Through Imagery Pathos Through Sympathy Logos Logos Using Common Knowledge Logos Using Example Visualizing Rhetorical Organization A Case Study Material Analysis Introduction Statement Proof Conclusion Summary Conclusion Transcription Symbols Abbreviations References Index