Fighting Campylobacter Infections: Towards a One Health Approach

Description

This edited volume explores Campylobacter species, which are some of the most important foodborne pathogens. Above all, contaminated poultry meat can cause human gastroenteritis in both developed and developing countries. The respective contributions reveal how these infections can also increase the risk of generalized paralytic diseases such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, Miller-Fisher syndrome, and Chinese paralytic syndrome. Due to their influence on the nervous system, circulatory system, and various organs, Campylobacter infections represent a serious public health concern. Campylobacter can be effectively combated by addressing the hygienic conditions in both food production and human lifestyles. Accordingly, the authors put forward a One Health perspective, which provides readers with essential insights into the basic biology of Campylobacter, as well as practical guidance on aspects ranging from food production to the clinical treatment of infections. Chapter 'Natural Competence and Horizontal Gene Transfer in Campylobacter’ is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com. Foreword Contents Abbreviations Human Campylobacteriosis—A Serious Infectious Threat in a One Health Perspective 1 Introduction 2 The One Health Concept: General Theory and Practical Approaches 3 Human Campylobacteriosis—From Clinical Investigations to Novel Treatment Options Using Innovative Murine Models of Infection 3.1 Human Campylobacteriosis—Basic Characteristics 3.2 Burden of Disease 3.3 Molecular Concepts of C. jejuni-Induced Intestinal Pathogenesis 3.4 Novel Murine Models of C. jejuni Infection Offering Detailed Investigations and Treatment Strategies for Campylobacteriosis and Associated Long-Term Sequelae 4 Concluding Remarks References The Data Behind Risk Analysis of Campylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Coli Infections 1 Introduction 2 Risk Assessment of Human Campylobacteriosis 2.1 Hazard Identification 2.2 Hazard Characterization 2.3 Exposure Assessment 2.4 Risk Characterization 3 Current Surveillance Strategies of Campylobacter 4 Risk Management 4.1 Control in Poultry Meat 4.2 Control of Campylobacter Sources Other Than Poultry Meat 5 Risk Communication 6 Concluding Remarks References Population Biology and Comparative Genomics of Campylobacter Species 1 Introduction 2 Evolution Theory and Concepts for the Genus Campylobacter 3 Population Structure 3.1 Diversity and Population Structure of C. Jejuni and C. Coli 3.2 Inter Species Recombination and Hybrid Species 3.3 Additional Species 4 Host Association of Campylobacter 4.1 Impact of Genomic High-Throughput Methods 4.2 Source Attribution in Clinical and Agricultural Setting 4.3 Relevance for Public Health (Applications) 5 Concluding Remarks References Management Strategies for Prevention of Campylobacter Infections Through the Poultry Food Chain: A European Perspective 1 Introduction 2 Management Practices and Control Options 2.1 Farm Level 2.2 Abattoir Level 2.3 Post-harvest Level 2.4 Retail and Consumer Phase 2.5 Management and Responsibilities 3 Concluding Remarks References Emission Sources of Campylobacter from Agricultural Farms, Impact on Environmental Contamination and Intervention Strategies 1 Introduction 2 Colonization of Campylobacter in Livestock 3 Emission Sources 3.1 Manure 3.2 Air 3.3 Insects and Rodents 3.4 Personnel, Equipment, Vehicles 3.5 Waterborne Emission 4 Tenacity of Campylobacter in the Environment 5 Viable but Non-culturable Form of Campylobacter in the Environment 6 Intervention Against Emission 7 Concluding Remarks References Phage Biocontrol of Campylobacter: A One Health Approach 1 Introduction 2 Campylobacter Bacteriophages in a One Health Approach 3 Interactions of Bacteria with Their Bacteriophages and the Development of Resistance 4 Phage Treatment of Campylobacter in the Literature 4.1 Experimental Phage Treatment of Contaminated Meat 4.2 Experimental Phage Treatment of Colonized Chickens 5 Practical Hurdles and Open Questions that Need to Be Addressed 6 Resistance of Campylobacter Phages 7 Regulatory Aspects and Safety of Campylobacter Bacteriophages 8 Concluding Remarks References Campylobacter Virulence Factors and Molecular Host–Pathogen Interactions 1 Introduction 2 Bacterial Virulence Factors and Epithelial Cell Responses 2.1 Specialized Metabolism and Enteric Life Style 2.2 Campylobacter Motility and Chemotaxis 2.3 CDT Toxin Production 2.4 Serine Protease HtrA and Epithelial Barrier Disruption 2.5 Outer Membrane Adhesins and Host Cell Binding 2.6 The Flagellum as a Specialized Type III Secretion System 2.7 Bacterial Factors and Signaling Involved in Host Cell Invasion 2.8 Intracellular Survival and Trafficking of Campylobacter 3 Bacterial Virulence Factors and Immune Cell Responses 3.1 Interaction with Toll-Like Receptors 3.2 Role of Siglec Receptors 3.3 Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome 4 Concluding Remarks References Diarrheal Mechanisms and the Role of Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Campylobacter Infections 1 Introduction 2 Pathogenetic Principles and Diarrheal Mechanisms in campylobacteriosis 2.1 Barrier Dysfunction, Leak Flux and Leaky Gut 2.2 Immune Cell Response and Barrier Function 3 Barrier Dysfunction in Campylobacter Infection 3.1 Barrier Defects by C. jejuni, C. coli, C. fetus, C. concisus and Related Bacteria 3.2 Protective Approaches 4 Concluding Remarks References Murine Models for the Investigation of Colonization Resistance and Innate Immune Responses in Campylobacter Jejuni Infections 1 Introduction 2 Factors Affecting Campylobacter Colonization and Infection 3 Susceptibility to Lipooligosaccharide Determines Host Specificity of Campylobacter Colonization Versus Infection 3.1 Chickens 3.2 Mice 3.3 Humans 4 Murine Infection Models in Campylobacteriosis Research 4.1 Germfree and Secondary Abiotic Mice 4.2 Human Microbiota-Associated Mice 4.3 Infant Mice 4.4 Zinc-Deficient Mice 4.5 SIGIRR-Deficient Mice 4.6 IL-10 Deficient Mice 5 Concluding Remarks References Natural Competence and Horizontal Gene Transfer in Campylobacter 1 Introduction 2 Mechanisms of Horizontal Gene Transfer 2.1 Natural Transformation and Uptake of Free DNA 2.2 Conjugative Gene Transfer 2.3 Phage Transduction and Genomic Rearrangements 3 Barriers to Horizontal Gene Transfer 3.1 CRISPR-Cas and Nucleases 3.2 Methylation-Dependent DNA Recognition 4 Impact of Gene Transfer on Campylobacter Fitness 4.1 Spread of Resistomes and Persistence Factors 4.2 Interspecies Gene Transfer 5 Concluding Remarks References Molecular Mechanisms of Campylobacter Biofilm Formation and Quorum Sensing 1 Introduction 2 Microbial Biofilm Formation 2.1 Building and Dispersion of Microbial Biofilms 2.2 Methods to Analyse Biofilms 2.3 Environmental Conditions Influencing Campylobacter jejuni Biofilm Formation 2.4 Genetic Background and Genes Impacting Biofilm Formation of C. jejuni 2.5 Control Strategies Targeting C. jejuni Biofilms 3 Quorum Sensing 3.1 Quorum Sensing Signalling Mechanisms 3.2 Phenotypes of C. jejuni luxS Mutants 3.3 Quorum Quenching 4 Concluding Remarks References