Comparative Law: Unraveling Global Legal Systems

Description

This book, centered on the theme of Comparative Law, offers an unparalleled journey through various legal landscapes, aiming to enhance readers' comprehension by juxtaposing laws from diverse fields and countries. Encompassing areas such as constitutional law, transformative constitution, environmental law, family law, child rights, and artificial intelligence, the book invites readers to navigate the global legal tapestry. What sets this work apart is its meticulous approach, encouraging readers to draw comparisons, fostering a nuanced understanding of legal concepts. Beyond a mere exploration of legal systems, the book delves into the philosophies that underpin them, offering insights into cultural and historical influences. By showcasing best practices from different legal traditions, the book aspires to contribute to the advancement of humanity, promoting the adoption of progressive legal approaches worldwide. This is not just a book; it's a gateway to a world where legal traditions converge, providing readers with a profound and informed perspective on the multifaceted nature of law in our interconnected global society. Foreword by Justice Ritu Raj Awasthi Foreword by Justice A. H. M. D. Nawaz Preface Acknowledgements Contents Editors and Contributors Abbreviations Aristotle is Long Dead But His Wisdom Rules Us from the Grave: A Comparison of the Application of Logic in Legal Reasoning in Common Law and Civil Law Systems 1 Part I—Introduction 2 Part 2—The Role of Case Law 3 Part 3: Legal Reasoning Methodologies 4 Part 4—Conclusion Legal, Ethical, and Social Ramifications of the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Decision-Making: A Comparative Analysis of the European Union and Indian Law 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Definition of AI and Its Use in Decision-Making 2.2 Understanding the Use of AI in Business 2.3 Understanding the Use of AI in Education 2.4 Understanding the Use of AI in Health Care 3 Methodology and Data Source 3.1 Advantages of the Use of AI in Decision-Making 3.2 Disadvantage of the Use of AI in Decision-Making 4 Legal Responsibility and Artificial Intelligence 4.1 Artificial Intelligence and Legal Responsibility: European Union (EU) Law 4.2 Artificial Intelligence and Legal Responsibility: Indian Law 5 Conclusion and Suggestions 6 Recommendations Understanding the Complexity of Juvenile Delinquency Recidivism: A Comparative Analysis of Offender Persistence from Minority to Adulthood in India and USA 1 Introduction 2 Legal Frameworks for Juvenile Justice 3 Socio-Cultural Influences on Juvenile Delinquency 4 Long-Term Trajectories 5 Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Strategies 6 Policy and Managerial Suggestions Laws and Policies to Prevent Cyberbullying in High Schools—Lessons for India and Western Australia 1 Introduction 2 Cyberbullying and Its Effects 3 Importance and Requirements of Establishing Anti-Bullying Culture in High Schools 4 Western Australia’s Approach to Cyberbullying 5 South Australia’s Approach to Cyberbullying 6 Tay’s Survey of Western Australian and South Australian Public High School Policies Pertaining to Bullying and Cyberbullying 7 Ontario’s Approach to Cyberbullying 8 India’s Approach to Cyberbullying 9 Conclusion NFTS, Blockchain and Cryptocurrency: Legal Scenario Across the Globe 1 Introduction 2 General Legal Characteristics of NFTs 3 Legal Position of NFTs and Cryptocurrency in India 4 Global NFT Financial Regulations 5 NFTs and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) 6 Anti-money Laundering (AML) Concerns 7 Concluding Comments Social Security Laws: A Distinct Feature of Indian Democracy – Comparative Analysis with Existing Provisions in Various Countries 1 Introduction 2 Concepts of the Modern Welfare State and Social Security 3 Status of Social Security Benefits in India 4 Working Together for a Stronger Society 4.1 Employees Compensation Schemes 4.2 The Employees State Insurance Scheme 4.3 Maternity Benefits 4.4 Provisions Related to the Payment of Gratuity 5 Status of Unemployment Benefits 6 Social Security in the USA 7 Status of Social Security Benefits in the UK 8 Analysis: The Gap Between Legislation and Its Implementation 9 Conclusion Orphaned by Fate or Design: Navigating the Human Rights Dilemma 1 Introduction 2 Understanding Orphanage Trafficking: Definitions and Dynamics Revisited 3 Orphanage Trafficking—A Convoluted Web of Exploitation! 4 Orphanage Trafficking—Recognition? 5 Conclusion Goa v. India: A Comparative Study of Marriage and Divorce Law 1 Introduction 2 Legal Provisions Governing Marriages in India 2.1 Hindu 2.2 Muslim 2.3 Christian 2.4 Parsi 2.5 Special Marriage Act 2.6 Goa 3 Legal Provisions Governing Divorce in India 3.1 Hindu 3.2 Muslim 3.3 Christian 3.4 Parsi 3.5 The Special Marriage Act 3.6 Goa 4 UK 5 Portugal 6 Problems 7 Discussion and Analysis 8 Suggestions 8.1 Uniform Civil Code 8.2 Modernizing Marriage and Divorce Laws 8.3 Educating Public About Procedures, Rights, and Liabilities 8.4 Rights of Children 9 Conclusion A Comparative Analysis of the Rule of Law in India and Australia and Their Adherence to Constitutionalism 1 Introduction 2 Rule of Law and Its Significance 2.1 Rule of Law in India 2.2 Role of Indian Judiciary 2.3 Rule of Law in Australia 2.4 Elements of the Rule of Law 3 A Comparative Approach Between the India and Australia 4 Conclusion A Legal Framework of Probation of Offenders in India: An Analysis with Special Reference to Australia and the USA 1 Introduction 2 Interpretation of “Probation of Offenders”—An Overview 3 Legal Framework on Probation of Offenders—An Overview 3.1 Legal Framework on Probation of Offenders in India 3.2 Legal Framework on Probation of Offenders in Australia 3.3 Legal Framework on Probation of Offenders in the USA 3.4 Summation 4 Comparison Tables 5 Judicial Dictum of “Probation of Offenders” 6 Conclusion Redefining Director Duties: Unveiling an Internal Benchmark for Good Faith—A Novel Comparative Approach Beyond External Standards in Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) 1 Introduction 2 S. 181(1)(a), Good Faith and Their Underlying Issues 3 The ‘Internally’ Generated Benchmark Via the Lens of Relationships in a Company 4 Conclusion An Analysis of Legal Frameworks for the Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technologies—Challenges and the Way Forward 1 Introduction 2 International Agreements for ESTs 3 Importance of Technology Transfer of ESTs 4 Trade and Transfer of ESTs Globally 5 Mechanisms for Transfer ESTs 6 Conclusion and Suggestion Dated Interpretations of Gender, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity Within the Paradigm of the International Refugee Law: An Argument for Amending the Definition of the Refugee Convention, 1951 1 Introduction 2 Conclusion Global Class Actions: Forum Shopping Just Ain’t What It Used to Be 1 Introduction 2 Global Class Actions Pose a Unique Set of Problems 3 Divided Approaches to the Jurisdiction Issue 4 Evaluation of the Different Approaches 5 Conclusion Convergence of Trademarks and Trade Names: Resolving the Conflict Between Trade Names and Trademark Rights Under Trademark Law vis-à-vis Company Law 1 Protection of Trademarks: An Introduction 2 Protection of Trademarks Under India’s Trademark Act, 1999 3 Protecting Trademarks Against Use as Trade Names 4 Judicial Response to Infringement of Trademarks by Use as Trade Names 5 Remedy Available Under Companies Act, 2013 6 Conclusion Child Offender Under Juvenile Justice Act, 2022: A Comparative Study to Evolve Restorative Justice 1 Introduction 2 Concept of Juvenile Delinquency 3 Juvenile Justice System in the USA and India 4 Child Offender Under Juvenile Justice Act, 2022: A Comparative Analysis 5 Apprehensions of Juvenile in Conflict with Law 5.1 Adoption 5.2 Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Amendment Act, 2015 6 Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Model Amendment Rules, 2022 and Its Impact on the Adoption Process 6.1 Juvenile Justice Amendment Act, 2021: A Critical Analysis 7 Juvenile Justice System and Judicial Trends 8 Conclusion and Suggestions International Corporate Governance: A Tool to Overcome Legal, Regulatory, Ethical, and Cultural Challenges in Internationalization of Business 1 Introduction 2 Internationalization of Business and MNCs 3 International Corporate Governance: An Overview 4 Challenges for MNCs: Legal and Regulatory 5 Challenges for MNCs: Ethical and Cultural 6 International Corporate Governance: A Timely Remedy 7 Conclusion Canute’s Laws? Legislative Responses to the Surging Tide of Digital Sexual Privacy Violations 1 Introduction—Our Digital Enabling Environment 2 Non-consensual Distribution of ‘Intimate’ and/or ‘Sexualised’ Imagery in the Digital Domain—An Explainer 3 Deepfake Image Misuse 4 Feminist Conceptualizations of Image Misuse in the Digital Domain 5 Intimate Image Misuse as Image-based Sexual Abuse (IBSA) 6 Non-consensual Image Misuse as Technology-Facilitated Sexual Violence (TFSV) 7 The Devil in the Definitions 8 Recasting Deepfake Sexualized Imagery as a More Egregious Sui Generis Digital Sexual Privacy Violation 9 What is Meant by ‘Sexual Self’? 10 What is Sexual Autonomy? 11 Conclusion—Recasting the Enabling of Access to Non-consensually Distributed Authentic/Deepfake Sexualized Imagery as Criminal Accessory Liability 12 Turning the Tide? Simplifying Investments in Real Estate Through Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) 1 Introduction 1.1 Real Estate Business Vis-À-Vis Investment 2 Investment Trusts—Genesis 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Regulation of Investment Trusts in India 3 RE Investment Trusts—REITs 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Advantages of REITs 3.3 Conceptual Framework in India 3.4 Regulatory Framework 3.5 Current Scenario 3.6 The Way Ahead 4 Global Comparative Study 4.1 USA 4.2 Canada 4.3 United Kingdom 4.4 Australia 4.5 Singapore 4.6 Japan 5 Conclusion Integrating Climate Change and Development: Policy and Strategy in the Coastal Zone Management of Bangladesh 1 Introduction 2 The Evolution of the Coastal Zone Management in Bangladesh 2.1 Reactive Approach for a Disaster-Prone Area 2.2 Construction Approach to Protect the Area 2.3 Integrated Approach for a Unique Area 3 Conceptualizing the Policy Cycle of ICZM in Bangladesh 4 Climate Development Integrated Approach and the Coastal Zone Policy 4.1 The Coastal Zone Policy and Adaptation Options to Climate Change 4.2 The Coastal Zone Policy and Mitigation Options to Climate Change 5 Climate Development Integrated Approach and the Coastal Development Strategy 5.1 Safety from Man-Made and Natural Hazards 5.2 Optimizing Use of Coastal Lands 5.3 Environmental Conservation 5.4 Empowerment Through Knowledge Management 5.5 Creating an Enabling Institutional Environment 5.6 Ensuring Fresh and Safe Water Availability 5.7 Promoting Economic Growth Emphasizing Non-Farm Rural Employment 5.8 Improving Livelihood Conditions of People 5.9 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources 6 Conclusion A Politico-Media Nexus in the Globalizing World: A Comparative Study on Compromised Agenda-Driven Media 1 Introduction 2 Media and Freedom 3 Economic Capture 4 Cognitive Capture 5 Corporate Capture 6 Trump/Facebook: A Winning Combination 7 India–Modi: The Ongoing Influence of Learning from the USA 8 Around the Globe 8.1 Brazil 8.2 South Africa 9 Government Funding and Media Capture: A Call for Transparency 10 Conclusion Study on Anti-defection Law and Inner-Party Democracy with Specific Reference to India and the United Kingdom 1 Introduction 2 Internal Democracy V. Dynastic Politics 3 Why Dynastic Politics—is it Inevitable in India? 4 Does Anti-defection Law is Obverse to Intra-Party Democracy? 5 Anti-defection Laws and its Requirement in Representative Democracy 6 The Essence of Time: Judicial Intervention Vis-À-Vis Anti-Defection Law 7 Anti-defection Laws and Intra-Party Democracy—Experiences in Other Jurisdictions 8 The Way Forward Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Healthcare Sector: A Critical Analysis 1 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study 2 Literature Review 3 Review Methodology 4 The Bibliometric Analysis 4.1 The Data 4.2 Content Analysis 5 Market of AI: Globally 5.1 Generative AI a Growing Market 5.2 Growing Awareness in Academia 6 AI in Health Care 6.1 AI for Drug Discovery 6.2 AI for Clinical Trials 7 Issues and Challenges 7.1 Accountability of the System Use 7.2 Cybersecurity for Privacy and Security 7.3 Loss of Managerial Control 7.4 Job Loss, Training/Education Needs, and the Pain of Transformation 8 Legislation for AI: United States (US) and Europe (EU) Legislation 8.1 Role of HIPPA Security to Respond to Artificial Intelligence: 8.2 Role of European Agency is Regularizing AI Medical Devices 9 Conclusion Exploring the Landscape of AI-Generated Output: Challenges and Regulatory Insights 1 Introduction 2 The Landscape of AI Regulation 2.1 European Institutions: Initiatives 3 Challenges in AI Regulation: The DABUS Cases 3.1 United Kingdom 3.2 United States 4 Primary Thoughts Legal Impact of the Sharing Economy on Commercial Real Estate 1 Introduction 1.1 Rise of Co-working Spaces 1.2 Short-Term Rentals 1.3 Pop-Up Stores: Temporary Ventures in Commercial Real Estate 1.4 New Opportunities for Property Owners 1.5 Impact on Traditional Leasing Models 1.6 How Does Property Law Apply to the Sharing Economy? 1.7 Legal and Safety Concerns in the Sharing Economy: A Comprehensive Overview Rights of Ownership 1.8 Liability Limits 1.9 Zoning Problems 1.10 Permitting and Licensing 2 The Famous Co-working Model 3 Practice of Sharing Economy in India and United States of America 3.1 Indian Emerging Sharing Economy 3.2 Sharing Economy in USA 4 How Can Property Law Be Improved to Better Support the Sharing Economy? 5 Conclusion