Japan and the Origins of the Asia-Pacific Order - Masayoshi Ohira's Diplomacy and Philosophy

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Introduction Usage Notes Contents Acronyms and Source Acronyms Acronyms Source Acronyms List of Charts and Tables 1 Distant Memories 1 Third Son of a Farmer 2 Encountering Christianity 3 From the Tokyo University of Commerce to the Ministry of Finance 2 The “Philosophy of the Ellipse”: Working for the Finance Ministry 1 Experiencing Trials in Mainland China: Joining the Ministry 1.1 Assignment to the Deposits Bureau 1.2 The “Philosophy of the Ellipse” 1.3 Three Years at the East Asia Development Board 2 Defeat and Rebirth: Secretary to the Minister of Finance 2.1 The “Eternal Now” 2.2 The Pacific War 2.3 Three-Time Secretary to the Finance Minister 3 Transition to the World of Politics: Chief Cabinet Secretary in the Ikeda Government 1 A Member of the House of Representatives 1.1 Visiting America 1.2 Yoshida Shigeru and Tanaka Kakuei 1.3 Merger of the Conservative Parties 2 “Tolerance and Patience”: Chief Cabinet Secretary 2.1 Entering the Cabinet for the First Time 2.2 The US-Japan Joint Committee on Trade and Economic Affairs 4 The Beginnings of Ōhira Diplomacy: Foreign Minister in the Ikeda Government 1 Breakthrough in Japan-Korea Relations: The Ōhira-Kim Memo 1.1 “Prime Minister Ikeda’s Herald”: Visiting Europe and America 1.2 Japan-Korea Relations and the United States 1.3 “Permanent Neighbors” 1.4 Visits to Ōiso 2 Dollars and Nuclear Weapons: Agonizing Over “Introduction” 2.1 Struggling with Dollar Defense 3 The Ōhira-Reischauer Meeting 4 China and Taiwan 4.1 A “Soft Approach” 4.2 Between China and Taiwan 5 Meeting Chiang Kai-Shek 5 The “Total Settlement of the Postwar Era”: From LDP Deputy Secretary-General to Kōchikai Chairman 1 From Ikeda to Satō: Chairman of the LDP Policy Research Council 1.1 Ikeda’s Election to a Third Term 1.2 “Leaving on a Journey” 1.3 “The Beginning of a Long Winter”: From Ikeda to Satō 1.4 Thinking and Reading 1.5 Chairman of the LDP Policy Research Council 2 Economic Negotiations with the US: Minister of International Trade and Industry 2.1 US-Japan Frictions Over Textiles 2.2 First Visit to Eastern Europe 2.3 Continued Distance from Satō 3 “The Opening of a New Century for Japan”: Leader of the Kōchikai 3.1 Returning to the Wilderness 3.2 “A Beacon of Self-reflection” 3.3 “China Wants Me” 3.4 The “Total Settlement of the Postwar Era” and a “Maritime Nation in Asia” 6 Chasing the Horizons of Diplomacy: Foreign Minister in the T.anaka Government 1 The Normalization of Sino-Japanese Relations 1.1 “Multilateral Diplomacy” 1.2 Establishing Diplomatic Relations with China 1.3 Visits to Australia, the United States, and the Soviet Union 2 US-Japan Relations and the Kim Dae-Jung Incident 2.1 USS Midway 2.2 From Europe to the US 2.3 The Kim Dae-Jung Incident 3 The United Nations, the Northern Territories, and the Oil Crisis 3.1 Revisiting Moscow 3.2 The Oil Crisis 4 The Japan–China Aviation Agreement 4.1 Reunion with Zhou Enlai 4.2 China’s Compromise 4.3 Between China and Taiwan 7 Internal and External Crises: Finance Minister Under Tanaka and Miki, and LDP Secretary-General 1 Nuclear Secret Agreements and Currency Diplomacy: Minister of Finance 1.1 Fiftieth Minister of Finance 1.2 The Burden of the Nuclear Secret Agreements 1.3 Continuing as Finance Minister: The Miki Government 1.4 Currency Diplomacy 2 Confrontation with Fukuda Takeo: LDP Secretary-General 2.1 The “Daifuku” Secret Pact 2.2 “A Distinctive Identity as a Nation” 2.3 “The Age of Culture”: The LDP Presidential Election 8 Seeking a New Order Along the Pacific Rim: Ōhira as Prime Minister 1 Ōhira’s Policies: “An Era Beyond the Modern Age” 1.1 The Comprehensive Security Strategy and the Pacific Basic Cooperation Concept 1.2 “An Era Beyond the Modern Age” 1.3 Comparison with the Fukuda Doctrine 2 The US-Japan “Alliance” and the Tokyo Summit 2.1 Indochina and the Sino-Vietnamese War 2.2 The US-Japan “Alliance” 2.3 UNCTAD and Australia 2.4 The Tokyo Summit 2.5 “Fragile Pottery” 3 Yen Loans to China and Ōhira’s Visit to China 3.1 The “40-Day Conflict” 3.2 “Sino-Japanese Relations for a New Century” 4 Ōhira’s Final Travels 4.1 Launching the Pacific Basin Cooperation Concept 4.2 The “Deception” of the Three Non-Nuclear Principles 4.3 Ōhira’s Final US Summit 4.4 Mexico, Canada, Yugoslavia, and West Germany Conclusion: The “Eternal Now” “They Will Enter When You Ring the Bell” “I will be Back” 5:54 a.m. The “Eternal Now” Responsible Conservatism References