Relational Aspects of Parental Involvement to Support Educational Outcomes: Parental Communication, Expectations, and Participation for Student Success

Description

Offering contributions from international leaders in the field, this volume builds on empirically informed meta-analyses to foreground relationship-based aspects of parental involvement in children’s education and learning. Chapters explore how factors including parent-child communication, cultural and parental expectations, as well as communication with a child’s teacher and school can impact educational outcomes. By focusing on relationships between parents, teachers, and students, chapter authors offer a nuanced picture of parental involvement in children’s education and learning. Considering variation across countries, educational and non-educational contexts, and challenges posed by parental absence and home schooling, the book offers key insights into how parents, schools, communities, and educators can best support future generations. Using multiple forms of research from the relational perspective, this volume will be of interest to students, scholars, and researchers with an interest in educational psychology as well as child development. Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgments About the Editor Contributors Introduction Section I: Parental Involvement Research at a Deeper and Broader Level Chapter 1: A Theory of Parental Involvement Based on the Results of Meta-Analyses The Context of the Dual Navigation Approach (DNA) Model Understanding Meta-Analysis Methods The Specific Components of the DNA Model Explained The Meta-Analytic Findings on the Types of Home-Based and School-Based Involvement An Important Note Regarding Interpreting the Findings of the Six Meta-Analyses Results Specific Family and School Components in the Model Family-Based Components High Expectations Parental Style Supportive & Informative Communication Reading with Children Household Rules School Components Partnership with Teacher Communication between Parents and the Teacher/School Check Homework Parental Participation/Attendance Drawing from Community Resources Practical Implications of the DNA Approach Final Thoughts Note References Chapter 2: Parental Engagement: Problems, Possibilities and Pandemics Parental Engagement with Learning Parental Engagement with Learning – The Importance of Language Engagement with Learning And Why We Should Care about It … Problematising Parental Engagement Misunderstanding (?) of the Concept of Parental Engagement with Learning Lack of Training Deficit Discourses To Those Who Have … The Matthew Effect and Parental Engagement The Impact of Covid-19 Schooling in the Pandemic Parents in the Pandemic Problematizing the Pandemic Discourses The Need for Systemic Change Changes to Teacher Training and Development Moving Forward Notes References Chapter 3: Fathers and Daughters: The Lifelong Impact of Involved Fathering Cognitive Development Infancy through Kindergarten Infant Attachment and Father’s Importance Childhood through Adolescence Daughters’ Vocational Choices The Daughter’s Social Development Social Behavior with Peers and Teachers Adolescent and Adult Romantic relationships Mental Health: Depression, Anxiety and Eating Disorders Physical Health Cortisol and the HPA Axis Obesity and Related Health Problems Drug and Alcohol Use Promoting Father Involvement: Individual and Societal Changes Note References Chapter 4: Demand for Education Transformation and 21st-Century Skills for All Children: The Role of Parental Perspectives in System Transformation Introduction Education System Transformation and Family Engagement Brookings’ Family Engagement in Education Project Survey Methodology Participants Measurement Survey Findings Understanding Parents’ Beliefs about the Most Important Purpose of School Parents’ Perceived Alignment with their Teacher’s Beliefs Parents’ Pedagogical Preferences Parents’ Feedback Loops Parents’ Sources of Information about Education Analysis Conclusion Notes References Chapter 5: Parental Involvement in the Lives of Children of Color: Drawing from the Results of Meta-Analyses Introduction Four Research Questions Addressed in This Study Methods Analytical Approach Research Methods and Data Analysis Plan For the Meta-Analysis on the Relationship between Parental Involvement and Academic Outcomes for African American and Latino Students Data Collection Method (Coding and Rater Reliability) Statistical Methods and the Effect Size Statistic Calculating Average Effect Sizes Defining of Variables Results Summary of the Results for African American Children Summary of the Results for Latino Students Effect Sizes For Parental Involvement Overall (Research Question #1) African American Students Latino Students Effects of Parental Involvement by Student Age (Research Question #2) African American Students Latino Students Parental Involvement Programs (Research Question #3) African American Students Latino Students Supplementary Analyses On Research Question #1 African American Students Latino Students Specific Aspects Of Parental Involvement (Research Question #4) African American Students Latino Students Discussion Limitations of the Study Effect Sizes for Parental Involvement Overall (Research Question #1) African American Students Latino Students Overview of Results on Research Question #2 for African American and Latino Students Effect Sizes for Parental Involvement Programs (Research Question #3) African American Students Latino Students Effect Sizes for Specific Components of Parental Involvement (Research Questions 4) African American Students Latino Students Recommendations For Further Research Conclusion Note References Chapter 6: How Religious Communities Become Proxy Families in Achieving Offender Rehabilitation and Restorative Justice Religious Communities and Other-Mindedness Religious Communities View Neighbors as Family Volunteerism in Contemporary American Society Religious Communities and Volunteerism The Role of Religion in Prosocial Behavior Religious Communities as a Familial Protective Factor Religious Communities and Positive Criminology The Angola Prison Seminary and Parens Patriae Offender-Led Religious Movements and Positive Criminology Implications for Justice System Reform References Chapter 7: “If Corona Doesn’t Kill Us, Distance Learning Will”: Parental Involvement in Remote Learning during COVID-19 Introduction Brief Background Methods Data Analysis Results What Forms Remote Learning Took and How Parents Were Involved Parents’ Assessment of the Experience Discussion and Conclusion References Section II: Parental Involvement around the World and in Unique Contexts Chapter 8: Parental Involvement in the UAE and in Other Moderate Arab States The Socio-economic Context of the United Arab Emirates, Challenges, and Ambitions The Status and Challenges of Education in the UAE The Development of Education in the UAE: An Innovative Model in the GCC The Historical Context of Parental Involvement Research Parental Involvement in Emirati Public Schools and Other Gulf Nations The Place of Father Involvement Global Barriers to Parental Involvement Emirati-Specific Barriers to Parental Involvement Identifying Important Issues Some Reasons for Hope in the UAE and in Other Gulf Nations What Is Missing and What Should Be Done to Bridge the Current Gaps Parental Involvement as the Key to Helping Foreign Nationals Parental Roles to Be Included in the Reforms The Role of Parents during Distance Learning Solutions to Educational Issues through an Improved Parental Role Toward an Effective Family–School Partnership Strategies to Help Parents Support the Efforts of Education Reforms Contextualized Frameworks Parents’ Training Courses Clearly Defined Roles for Parents Improving Partnership through In-House Inquiry Conclusion References Chapter 9: Parental Involvement and Governance in Dutch Schools Introduction The Place of Religion in American Public Schooling: A Brief Overview Brief History of the School Struggle in the Netherlands (1837–1920) Contemporary Dutch Educational System Abraham Kuyper’s Rationale for a Pluralistic National School System That Encouraged Parental Involvement I. Liberty of Conscience for Parents II. The Role of Core Beliefs in Human Experience and Knowledge III. Taking Education Out of (Partisan) Politics IV. The Unity of the Child V. Sound Pedagogy VI. Parental Rights VII. Private Initiative and Civil Society VIII. Justice for the Poor IX. National Unity Closing Comments References Primary Sources Secondary Sources Chapter 10: Parental Involvement and Substance Use in Africa and the United States Introduction Adverse Childhood Experiences and Substance Use Trauma Impacts Family Dynamics That Contribute to Addiction Implications of Fatherless Homes in the United States Implications of Fatherless Homes in Africa Adolescent Substance Use in the United States Adolescent Substance Use in Africa What Types of Parenting Behavior Propel Substance Use? Modeling in the United States Modeling in Africa Uninvolved Parents in the United States Uninvolved Parents in Africa Lack of Parental Bond in the United States Lack of Parental Bond in Africa A Comparison of Parental Behaviors That Propel Addiction in the United States and African Countries Parenting Behaviors That Inhibit Substance Use Parental Nurturance Parental Monitoring Parental Attitudes Toward Substance Use Adolescents’ Leisure Time and Parental Roles in the United States and Africa A Comparison of Parental Behaviors That Inhibit Substance Use in the United States and Africa Parental Involvement and Faith Implications Parent Involvement and Its Impact on Recovery Conclusion References Chapter 11: Parental Involvement in East Asia and the United States among Children with Special Needs Introduction The Contemporary Special Education Situation in the United States East Asia versus the United States in Terms of Special Education Parental Involvement East Asian Expressions Changes in the Cultural and Educational Climate in the United States The Importance of Parental Involvement when Helping Special Needs Students The Puritans Emphasized Self-Discipline and Work Ethic Practices The Contemporary East Asian View of Special Education Determining the Balance in Special Education Parents and Teachers Working Together to Yield Children of Character The Place of Parental Involvement in Helping Students with Disabilities Today From ESEA to ESSA ESSA and Parent Engagement From EAHCA to IDEA Models of Parent and Family Engagement for Students with Disabilities Impact of Parent and Family Engagement Definitions in ESSA and IDEA Barriers to Successful Parent and Family Engagement for Students with Disabilities Conclusion References Chapter 12: “The Hausvater Should Teach It to the Entire Family”: Parental Involvement in German Families, 1520–2020 Luther and the Changing Nature of Fatherhood in the Reformation The Changing Legal Framework: Family Law in the German States “Links in a Chain”: Fatherhood in Buddenbrooks Marxism and the “Abolition” of the Family From the Authority of the Father to the State: 1848 to the 1960s From Paternal Authority to Parental Care: The “New Father” in the Reunited Germany Conclusions and Prospects References Section III: Parental Involvement in Practice Chapter 13: A Home-to-School Approach for Family Engagement Research and Practice with Young Children in Foster Care Foster Care Risks and Protective Factors in Early Childhood Long-Term Risks Based on Research with Youth Aging Out of Foster Care The Intersection of Child Welfare and Early Childhood Education Family–School Partnerships as a Potentially Powerful Protective Factor Understanding Within-Group Variability of Family Engagement in Non-dominant Groups Lack of Family Engagement Research with Foster Care Families A Theoretical Framework for Family–School Partnership Applying This Shift in Theory to Practice Why Such a Shift Is Important Focusing a Home-to-School Lens on Foster Care Communities Recommendations for Foster Care Inclusion in Family–School Partnerships Recommendations for More Inclusive Research An Emic Approach A Mixed Methods Approach An Integrated Data Systems Approach Recommendations for More Inclusive Practice Cross-Agency Partnership-Building School and Classroom Inclusivity Prioritizing Relationship-Building Conclusions Notes References Chapter 14: Building Productive Relationships with Families and Communities: A Priority for Leaders to Improve Equity in Their Schools Introduction The Leadership Framework Leadership Practices Mediating Conditions Personal Leadership Resources Leading Improvements to Student–Family and School–Family Conditions Student–Family Conditions Fostering High Expectations among Parents for Their Children’s Success at School Improving the Quality of Communication in the Home between Parents and Students Creating Opportunities for Parents to Increase Their Social Capital about Schooling School–Family Conditions Eliminating Distractors and Creating Attractors Eliminating Distractors Creating Attractors Connecting Parents with Resources in the Community Aligning Teacher and Student Characteristics Conclusion References Chapter 15: The Myth of “Authenticity” Introduction Authenticity as the fashionable goal of contemporary education How “authenticity” superseded other educational goals A spineless generation? Real personhood and how it is formed References Chapter 16: Talent Development of Artists and Scientists: The Importance of Parental Involvement and Home Factors Introduction and Significance of the Topic Theoretical Framework Individual Aptitude Instruction Environment Alterable and Contextual Factors Developmental Stages Related Literature: Early Learning, Home Environments, and Parental Involvement Methodology Biographical Methods Sample Data Collection and Analysis Strengths and Limitations Results and Discussion Home Contexts: Socioeconomic Status and Financial Forms of Support Parental Roles and Occupations: Connections to Their Talent Domains and Other Family Support Parental Involvement and Family Support: The Curriculum of the Home Artists Scientists Parental Expectations Home Climates Personal and Family Challenges Conclusion and Implications Notes References Chapter 17: On a Journey to Purposeful Pathways: Building Educator Capacity to Engage Families Introduction Educator Preparation For Family Engagement: A Brief Review of the Literature Large-Scale Surveys Scans and Meta-Analyses of Approaches and Best Practices Local Innovations and Case Studies Coursework and Fieldwork Simulations Local Innovations What Educators Need to Know and Be Able to Do to Engage Families Dispositions and Mindsets That Are Anti-racist, Culturally Sustaining, and Strengths-Based Professional Practice to Promote Equitable Family Engagement Family Engagement Field Leadership Two Initiatives Designed to Apply These Competencies Family Engagement Educator Preparation Pre-service Consortium Family Engagement Credentialing Initiative National Education Association's Family Engagement Micro-Credential NAFSCE’s Credentialing Initiative for Family-Facing Professionals Conclusions References Chapter 18: Parental Involvement in Schools of Choice: The Interdependence of Parents and Schools Introduction The Contemporary School Choice Movement Magnet Schools Charter Schools Private School Choice Programs Parental Involvement as a Rationale for School Choice Competing Ideas on How School Choice Increases Parental Involvement School Choice Theory Self-Selection Effects Empirical Research on School Choice and Parental Involvement Charter Schools Private Schools Magnet and Other District-Run Public Schools of Choice Factors Underlying Parental Involvement in Schools of Choice The Interdependence of Parents and Schools Implications for Neighborhood Public Schools Questions for the Broader Study of Parental Involvement Conclusion References Index