Jedburgh Abbey: The Archaeology and Architecture of a Border Abbey

Description

A Foreword by Chris Tabraham, and contributions by David H. Caldwell, Thea Gabra-Sanders, C. Pamela Graves, Richard Grove, George Haggarty, John Higgitt, Nicholas McQ Holmes, Robin Murdoch, Clare Thomas and Robert Will. Illustrations by Dennis Gallagher, Pamela Graves, Angela Townsend and Marion O'Neil. Jedburgh Abbey has long been acknowledges as one of the finest examples of romanesque architecture in Scoland. Following through excavation of the claustral ranges to the south of the church in 1984, new information came to light regarding the everyday life of the community, from its colonisation to abandonment and revealing the abbey in historical, social and yopographical context. Acknowledgements vii List of illustrations ix List of tables xiii Foreword / Chris Tabraham xv 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Historical background 1 1.2 Location 4 1.3 Physiography 4 1.4 The abbey within the town 7 1.5 Repairs and excavations prior to 1984 12 2. The 1984 excavations 16 2.1 Period I: pre-Augustinian activity 16 2.2 Period II: the building of the abbey (c. 1138-c 1300) 19 2.3 Period III: remodelling and rebuilding (c. 1300-c 1480) 52 2.4 Period IV: later repairs and alterations (c. 1480-1559) 68 2.5 Period V: post-Reformation activity (1559-1875) 72 3. Excavation within the abbey church 1990 81 4. The small finds 82 4.1 Bone and ivory / David H. Caldwell 82 The comb, pendant and buckle / John Higgitt 83 4.2 Copper-alloy / David H Caldwell 84 Lace tag discussion / Thea Gabra-Sanders 88 4.3 Lead / David H. Caldwell 89 4.4 Iron / David H. Caldwell 91 4.5 Coins, tokens and jettons / Nicholas McQ Holmes 93 4.6 Ceramic material / George Haggarty & Robert Will 98 4.7 Stone sculpture / Dennis Gallagher 105 4.8 Window glass / C Pamela Graves 110 4.9 Vessel glass / Robin Murdoch 113 4.10 Leather / Clare Thomas 114 4.11 Textiles / Thea Gabra-Sanders 114 4.12 Clay tobacco pipes / Dennis Gallagher 115 5. The human burials / Richard Grove 117 5.1 Monastic burials 118 5.2 Non-monastic burial 128 5.3 Post-monastic burials 128 6. Discussion of the excavation results 131 6.1 Pre-Augustinian activity (Period I) 131 6.2 The major building phase of the abbey from 1138 to the beginning of the 14th century (Period II) 132 6.3 Remodelling and rebuilding in the 14th and 15th centuries (Period III) 139 6.4 Later repairs and alterations from the late 15th to the mid-16th centuries (Period IV) 145 6.5 The development of the East range 148 6.6 The abbey fortified? 150 6.7 Post-Reformation activity (Period V) 152 6.8 In conclusion 154 7. The layout of the abbey / Dennis Gallagher 155 7. 1 The East end of the church 155 7.2 The nave 155 7.3 The claustral buildings 157 7.4 The size of the cloister 158 8. The architectural development of the abbey church / Richard Fawcett 159 8.1 The construction of the eastern limb and transepts 159 8.2 The remodelling of the presbytery 166 8.3 The addition of the nave 167 8.4 The clerestoreys of the nave and choir 170 8.5 The reconstruction of the North transept 171 8.6 Operations in the area of the crossing and South transept 172 8.7 The final medieval building operations 174 References 175 Index 181