Maritime Logistics : Contemporary Issues

Description

Contemporary practice and scientific innovation consider the logistics aspects of shipping or maritime and seaport operations as one of the most important areas for future development of competitive advantages in business and for study and research. This book is the first of its kind, adopting the innovative approach of dealing with the overlap between shipping, ports and logistics and covering the current issues having a significant impact on the industry. It brings together leading authorities in the field to consider for the first time maritime logistics, and in doing so it defines the area, registers its boundaries and contributes to its development. Contributions cover holistically a broad range of major topics at the forefront of practice, research and scholarship in the shipping and port industry in terms of its relevance to logistics management. Topics include: CSR aspects of maritime logistics; green, sustainable and environmental issues in maritime logistics; network development of shipping and ports as major players in the industry; security aspects of maritime logistics and supply chains; IT in maritime logistics; and, supply chain oriented port and its performance. Front Cover Maritime Logistics: Contemporary Issues Copyright Page Contents List of Contributors Chapter 1. Introduction Part I. Management, Operations and Strategic Issues Chapter 2. Container Liner Shipping, Port Development and Competition 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Recent Development in Container Liner Shipping 2.3. Implications on Ports: Changing Roles, Functions and Development 2.4. A New Trend Emerging: Coopetition and Regional Port Governance 2.5. Concluding Remarks Acknowledgements References Chapter 3. Container Flows and Empty Container Repositioning 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Containerisation and Globalisation 3.3. Imbalance Flows of Containers 3.4. Container Flow 3.5. Impacts to Shipping Lines and Supply Chain Partners 3.5.1. Impacts to Shipping Lines 3.5.1.1. Inventory cost in the surplus areas 3.5.1.2. Operational costs 3.5.1.3. Utilisation of equipment and vessel space 3.5.1.4. Customer satisfaction 3.5.2. Impacts to Shippers 3.5.3. Impacts to Container Haulage Companies 3.5.4. Impacts to Port Development 3.5.5. Impacts to the Whole Supply Chain and Economy of the Region 3.6. Current Practices and Suggested Solutions 3.6.1. Internal Mitigating Strategies 3.6.1.1. Strategic planning 3.6.1.2. Operational planning Landside container dispatching Global empty container repositioning 3.6.1.3. Other commonly used repositioning policies 3.6.2. External Mitigating Strategies 3.6.2.1. Collaborations between supply chain partners 3.6.2.2. Foldable containers 3.6.2.3. New market investigation 3.7. Conclusion References Chapter 4. Port Congestion and Implications to Maritime Logistics 4.1. Introduction 4.2. A conceptual Framework 4.3. Literature Review and Survey Results on Current State of Congestion 4.4. Actor Reaction Patterns to Port Congestion 4.5. Future Evolution 4.6. Conclusion References Appendixes Appendix A: Survey Country Reviews on Congestion Appendix B: Literature Search on Global Port Congestion Chapter 5. Port Choice Model of Transhipment Cargo Using System Dynamics 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Literature review 5.3. Analysis of Transhipment 5.3.1. Calling Pattern in Northeast Asia 5.3.2. The Scope of Research 5.4. Port Choice Model of Transhipment Cargo 5.4.1. Factors for Selecting a Transhipment Port 5.4.2. Model Speci.cation 5.4.3. Variable Description 5.4.3.1. Dependent variable 5.4.3.2. Independent variables 5.5. Data Gathering for Input Variable 5.5.1. Value of Dependent Variable 5.5.2. Value of Independent Variable 5.5.2.1. Mother ship dimension for cost estimation 5.5.2.2. Feeder ship dimension for cost estimation 5.5.2.3. Ship voyage cost 5.5.2.4. Port dues 5.5.2.5. Fuel cost for transportation 5.5.2.6. Port logistics cost 5.5.2.7. Ship running cost 5.5.2.8. Ship total cost including mother and feeder ship 5.5.2.9. Data for measuring port attraction 5.5.2.10. Deviation cost 5.6. The Result of Model Test 5.6.1. Step-1 Model Test 5.6.2. Step-2 Model Test 5.6.3. Step-3 Model Test 5.6.4. Port Choice Model for Sensitive Analysis Using System Dynamics Tool 5.7. Conclusion Reference Chapter 6. Maritime Logistics and Supply Chain Security 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Evolution and Trends of the Maritime Security Measures and Tools in the United States 6.3. Best Practices for Supply Chain and Maritime Security Management 6.4. Recent Advances in Ubiquitous Information Technology for Supply Chain and Maritime Security 6.5. Development of a Supply Chain Map that Shows the Shipping Routes/Channels Vulnerable to Maritime Security Breaches and Lapses 6.6. Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 7. Risk Management in Maritime Logistics and Supply Chains 7.1. Introduction 7.2. An Overview of Supply Chain and Maritime Risks Literature 7.3. Classification of Supply Chain Risks and Disruptions 7.4. Methodology 7.5. Impact of Port Disruption on Supply Chains: Empirical Evidence and Discussion 7.6. Recommending More Integrative SCRM: Case Studies and Research Agenda 7.7. Conclusions Acknowledgements References Chapter 8. Information Technology in Maritime Logistics Management: A Case-Based Approach from CoA to SLA 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Maritime Logistics and ICT 8.2.1. A General View of Shipping Companies 8.2.2. ICT Infrastructure 8.3. From CoA to SLA, and the Use of ICT in the Transformation Process 8.3.1. Characteristics of the Finished Product Market 8.3.2. The Basic Idea: From CoA to SLA 8.3.3. Mechanisms for Cost Reductions: Direct Activities 8.3.3.1. Minimizing the sea transport cost 8.3.3.2. Minimizing inventory cost 8.3.4. The Mechanisms and the View of the Shipping Company 8.3.5. Other Mechanisms: Cost of Indirect Activities 8.4. Data-Driven Modeling and Analysis 8.4.1. The Flow and Phases of the Analysis 8.4.2. Conclusion from the Analysis 8.5. From Data-Driven Analysis to ICT Architecture 8.6. Running the Operation: Processes and ICT 8.7. Summary and Further Reading Acknowledgments References Chapter 9. Port Value Chains and the Role of Interdependencies 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Studying Relationships in Ports 9.3. Value Lies on Relations 9.3.1. Port Network Orientation 9.3.2. Port Value Chains 9.4. Co-creating Value Via Inter-dependence Enhancement 9.4.1. Serial Inter-dependencies 9.4.2. Pooled Inter-dependencies 9.4.3. Reciprocal Inter-dependencies 9.5. Co-creation of Value: The Role of Inter-dependencies 9.6. Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 10. Overview and Gaps in Container Terminal Industry Studies 10.1. Introduction 10.2. Literature Overview 10.2.1. Productivity and Competitiveness 10.2.1.1. Mathematical and operations research 10.2.1.2. Management and economics 10.2.1.3. Simulation 10.2.1.4. Stochastic modelling 10.2.2. Yard and Equipment Utilisation 10.2.2.1. Mathematical and operations research 10.2.2.2. Management and economics 10.2.2.3. Simulation 10.2.2.4. Stochastic 10.2.3. Equipment Scheduling 10.2.3.1. Mathematics and operations research 10.2.3.2. Simulation 10.2.4. Berth Planning 10.2.4.1. Mathematics and operation research 10.2.4.1. Simulation 10.2.5. Loading and Unloading 10.2.5.1. Mathematics and operation research 10.2.5.2. Simulation 10.2.6. Conceptual Models and Literature Review 10.3. Where Do We Stand? 10.3.1. The gap 10.4. Discussion and Conclusions References Part II. Green and Sustainability Issues Chapter 11. Corporate Social Responsibility in Maritime Logistics 11.1. Introduction 11.2. Necessity for CSR in Maritime Logistics 11.2.1. CSR in Practice: Samples from Top Container Shipping Lines 11.2.2. The Role of Container Liner Shipping within Maritime Logistics and Shippers’ Expectations 11.2.3. Sustainability Issues within Container Shipping 11.2.4. Value Drivers for CSR 11.3. Initial Roots and Status Quo of CSR 11.3.1. Initial Roots of a CSR 11.3.2. Status Quo of the International CSR Debate 11.3.2.1. The scientific roots of the CSR debate in North America 11.3.2.2. The political nature of the CSR debate in Europe 11.4. Good-Practice Case Study: CSR within the NYK Line 11.4.1. The NYK Strategy is Based upon CSR 11.4.2. Management System Supports CSR on an Operative Level 11.4.2.1. Vision, strategy and policy of the management system 11.4.2.2. Organizational structure of the management system 11.4.2.3. Communication strategy of the management system 11.4.2.4. CSR controlling: key environmental and social indicators 11.4.2.5. NYK Eco Ship 2030 as an intended path to zero emission shipping 11.5. CSR in Container Shipping — Implications 11.6. Conclusions References Chapter 12. Green Maritime Logistics and Sustainability 12.1. Introduction 12.2. Measuring Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Consumption in Transport Systems 12.3. A Model for Measuring Seaborne Transport and Its Greenhouse Gas Emissions 12.4. Comparing Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Different Transport Modes References Chapter 13. Maritime Logistics in EU Green Ports and Short Sea Shipping 13.1. Introduction 13.2. Background Research on EU Short Sea Shipping 13.3. European Short Sea Shipping and its Importance for the EU 13.4. European Hubs 13.5. The Issue of Sustainable Transport in EU 13.6. The Relocation of Industry in EU 13.7. The Motorways of the Sea (MoS) 13.8. Developing Green Ports in the EU 13.9. Conclusions Acknowledgements References Chapter 14. Assessing the Environmental Impact of Maritime Operations in Ports: A Systems Approach 14.1. Introduction: Maritime Operations in Ports 14.2. Environmental Management in Ports 14.2.1. Some Extant Tools to Assist Environmental Management in Ports 14.2.2. EcoPorts Initiatives 14.2.3. Practice in Europe’s Largest Port Industry 14.3. Methodology 14.3.1. The Systems Approach 14.3.2. A Business Process Approach 14.3.3. The Case Context: Falmouth 14.3.4. Offshore Marine Bunkering 14.4. Results and Discussion 14.4.1. Strategic Inputs 14.4.2. Tactical Level 14.4.3. Operational Level 5. Conclusions Acknowledgements References Chapter 15. Concluding Remarks