Anglo-Indian Identity: Past and Present, in India and the Diaspora

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Acknowledgements Contents Notes on Contributors List of Figures Chapter 1: Introduction Starting Points The Question of Identity The Current State of Scholarship What this Work Offers Organisation and Overview of the Book Identities: Historically Identities in Contemporary India Diasporic Identities Gendered Identities Identities in the Arts: Literature, Film and Performance References Part I: Identities: Historical Chapter 2: The Politics of Representation: Identity, Community and Anglo-Indian Associations in South Asia Introduction Community Consciousness and Anglo-Indian Associations Dilemma of Identity Conclusion References Chapter 3: Which Eurasians May Speak? Elite Politics, the Lower Classes and Contested Eurasian Identity The Eurasian Anthem Contexts The Text Around the Text The Oriental Herald Madras The Text Poem/Verse/Anthem as Historical Text Rhetoric and Sentiment Who Speaks? A History of Contested Voice and Power Conclusion References Print Sources Archival Sources: Oriental and India Office Collection (OIOC) at the British Library Chapter 4: The End of Greater Anglo-India: Partitioned Anglo Identities in Burma and Pakistan Loyal Sons and Daughters of Britain and Its Indian Empire Collective Boundary Blurring and Individual Modes of Racial Passing Reflections on the Lost Identities of a Receding Past From Anglo-India to Anglo-Burma Personal, Political and Constitutional Ruptures Strategies for Remoulding Group Identities Towards Rival Patriotisms and Nationalisms Imperial Abdications, Perilous Retreats and Desperate Battles for the Future Paradoxical Postscripts References Interview by Author Online Sources Archival Sources Bodleian Library, University of Oxford British Library National Archive, UK National Archive of India Private Archive of the All India Anglo-Indian Association, New Delhi Radio Part II: Identities in Contemporary India Chapter 5: Is the Anglo-Indian ‘Identity Crisis’ a Myth? Introduction Identity Origins: From Colonised to Globalised Anglo-Indian Cultural Characteristics Ethnic Identity Concerns About Belonging Conclusion References Chapter 6: Citizenship, Legitimacy, and Identity: Kolkata Anglo-Indian Experiences Introduction Citizens as the Responsibility of the State Securities and Insecurities Background to Constitutional Provisions Anglo-Indians as Constitutional Citizens Secularism in India Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) Demonetisation Leading to Further Erosions Example #1: The Current President-in-Chief of the AIAIA Case Study #2: The Calcutta Anglo-Indian Service Society Conclusions References Part III: Diasporic Identities Chapter 7: Immigration Rhetoric and Public Discourse in the Construction of Anglo-Indian Identity in Britain The 1950s: Ambivalence Following Post-colonial Prejudices and the Colour Bar The 1960s: Imitation and Assimilation Amidst Anti-Immigration Rhetoric The 1970s: Celebrating Multiculturalism The 1980s and 1990s: Political Correctness Brings Shifts from Multiculturalism to Integration The 2000s: Animus Against Islam From the 2010s to the Present: The Call for Standardization Conclusion: Anglo-Indian ‘Nested’ Identities in the UK Today References Chapter 8: Anglo-Indians of New Zealand: Colour and the Social Construction of Identity Introduction Contexts White Privilege and Racism On Whiteness and Racism in New Zealand Anglo-Indian Scholarship on Whiteness and Racism Migration in New Zealand Anglo-Indians in New Zealand The Project Anglo-Indian Identity Explanation Fatigue, Identification, and Misidentification Identity Linked to a Country Misidentification as Māori Discrimination and Racism Employment-Linked Identity Fitting in Making Spaces to Belong Concluding Discussion References Chapter 9: The Dilemma of Anglo-Indian Identity in Pakistan Introduction Background Situation in the Region that Became Pakistan Impact of the New Nation on Anglo-Indian Identity Partition and Its Immediate Effects on Anglo-Indians Non-political Identity and Lifestyles in Pakistan Compared to India Social Lives Before 1970s Employment, Status and Identity Government Policies and their Effects Post 1970s Effects of Radical Islamist Agendas from 1980s The Dilemma of Staying On Conclusion References Chapter 10: From Asansol to Sydney: Terry Morris, Microhistory and Hybrid Identity Research Methodology and Microhistory Anglo-Indians in Australia: Tracing the Prime Narrative Terry Morris: History and His-Story Songs of Terry Morris: Constructing and Deconstructing Identity and History Conclusion References Part IV: Gendered Identities Chapter 11: The Personal Can Be Political: Deconstructing Representations of Anglo-Indians Beginnings Internalized Colonization Breaking Free Literary Representations Marginalisation as Colonial Policy Representations That Buck the Trend Factoring in Nation and Nationalism References Chapter 12: Anglo-Indian Women in Teaching: The Interplay of Gender, Profession, Community Identities and Religiosity Introduction and Background Anglo-Indian Women and Paid Employment: Historical Circumstances Anglo-Indian Teachers in Bangalore’s English-Medium Schools Literature Gender Amongst Anglo-Indians Gender in the Teaching Profession Methods Discussion The Value of an Anglo-Indian Teacher Teaching as a Career ‘Choice’ Earning an Income Relationships Within and Outside the School Work Ethic and Professional Identity Religiosity and a Sense of Vocation Conclusions References Chapter 13: A Queer Encounter with Anglo-Indians: Some Thoughts on National (Non)Belonging References Part V: Identities in the Arts: Literature, Film and Performance Chapter 14: Identity and Homing Desire: Anglo-Indian Literary Perspectives Introduction Section I: Theoretical Overview Section II: Historical Analysis ‘Gendered’ Lands Section III: Literary Perspectives The Motherland The Fatherland The ‘Second’ Land? Conclusion References Chapter 15: ‘Not Knowing for How Much Longer’: Requiem for the Living as an Act of Cultural Recovery of the Paranki Community in Kerala Memory Studies as an Interpretative Framework Parankis as Anglo-Indians Remembered Lives: Personal and Collective Memory Crisis of Masculinity Markers of Paranki Identity Conclusion References Chapter 16: Daivathinte Vikruthikal: Homelessness and Fragmented Identities of Indo-French Families in Mahé, Post-1954 Colonial Mahé Daivathinte Vikruthikal: The Novel and the Film Assimilative Policies of French Government and Prevention of Absolute Identities Geographic Spaces, Contested Identities, and Homelessness Fragmented Identities Identity Expressed in Sartorial Ways Objects, Identity, and Homelessness Conclusion References Chapter 17: Mixed Feelings: Autoethnography, Affect and Anglo-Indian Creative Practice Introduction Rhett D’Costa’s ‘Masala Mix’ (2019) Autoethnography and Creative Practice Vanitas Suit Signet Ring Tape Recorder Performance and Performativity References Chapter 18: Fictionalised Identities: Remodelling Anglo-Indians The Trotter-nama: A Chronicle 1977–1984 Magical Realism: The Narrative Vehicle The Everest Hotel: A Calendar Conclusion References Index