Computer Science Illuminated

Description

Designed for the introductory computing and computer science course, the student-friendly Computer Science Illuminated, Seventh Edition provides students with a solid foundation for further study, and offers non-majors a complete introduction to computing. Fully revised and updated, the seventh edition of this best-selling text retains the accessibility and in-depth coverage of previous editions, while incorporating all-new material on cutting-edge issues in computer science. Authored by the award-winning team Nell Dale and John Lewis, the text provides a unique and innovative layered approach, moving through the levels of computing from an organized, language-neutral perspective. Cover Computer Science Illuminated Copyright Contents 1 Laying the Groundwork Chapter 1 The Big Picture 1.1 Computing Systems Layers of a Computing System Abstraction 1.2 The History of Computing A Brief History of Computing Hardware A Brief History of Computing Software Predictions 1.3 Computing as a Tool and a Discipline The Big Ideas of Computing Summary Ethical Issues: Digital Divide Key Terms Exercises Thought Questions 2 The Information Layer Chapter 2 Binary Values and Number Systems 2.1 Numbers and Computing 2.2 Positional Notation Binary, Octal, and Hexadecimal Arithmetic in Other Bases Power-of-2 Number Systems Converting from Base 10 to Other Bases Binary Values and Computers Summary Ethical Issues: The FISA Court Key Terms Exercises Thought Questions Chapter 3 Data Representation 3.1 Data and Computers Analog and Digital Data Binary Representations 3.2 Representing Numeric Data Representing Negative Values Representing Real Numbers 3.3 Representing Text The ASCII Character Set The Unicode Character Set Text Compression 3.4 Representing Audio Data Audio Formats The MP3 Audio Format 3.5 Representing Images and Graphics Representing Color Digitized Images and Graphics Vector Representation of Graphics 3.6 Representing Video Video Codecs Summary Ethical Issues: The Fallout from Snowden’s Revelations Key Terms Exercises Thought Questions 3 The Hardware Layer Chapter 4 Gates and Circuits 4.1 Computers and Electricity 4.2 Gates NOT Gate AND Gate OR Gate XOR Gate NAND and NOR Gates Review of Gate Processing Gates with More Inputs 4.3 Constructing Gates Transistors 4.4 Circuits Combinational Circuits Adders Multiplexers 4.5 Circuits as Memory 4.6 Integrated Circuits 4.7 CPU Chips Summary Ethical Issues: Codes of Ethics Key Terms Exercises Thought Questions Chapter 5 Computing Components 5.1 Individual Computer Components 5.2 The Stored-Program Concept von Neumann Architecture The Fetch–Execute Cycle RAM and ROM Secondary Storage Devices Touch Screens 5.3 Embedded Systems 5.4 Parallel Architectures Parallel Computing Classes of Parallel Hardware Summary Ethical Issues: Is Privacy a Thing of the Past? Key Terms Exercises Thought Questions 4 The Programming Layer Chapter 6 Low-Level Programming Languages and Pseudocode 6.1 Computer Operations 6.2 Machine Language Pep/9: A Virtual Computer Input and Output in Pep/9 6.3 A Program Example Pep/9 Simulator Another Machine-Language Example 6.4 Assembly Language Pep/9 Assembly Language Numeric Data, Branches, and Labels Loops in Assembly Language 6.5 Expressing Algorithms Pseudocode Functionality Following a Pseudocode Algorithm Writing a Pseudocode Algorithm Translating a Pseudocode Algorithm 6.6 Testing Summary Ethical Issues: Software Piracy Key Terms Exercises Thought Questions Chapter 7 Problem Solving and Algorithms 7.1 How to Solve Problems Ask Questions Look for Familiar Things Divide and Conquer Algorithms Computer Problem-Solving Process Summary of Methodology Testing the Algorithm 7.2 Algorithms with Simple Variables An Algorithm with Selection Algorithms with Repetition 7.3 Composite Variables Arrays Records 7.4 Searching Algorithms Sequential Search Sequential Search in a Sorted Array Binary Search 7.5 Sorting Selection Sort Bubble Sort Insertion Sort 7.6 Recursive Algorithms Subprogram Statements Recursive Factorial Recursive Binary Search Quicksort 7.7 Important Threads Information Hiding Abstraction Naming Things Testing Summary Ethical Issues: Open-Source Software Key Terms Exercises Thought Questions Chapter 8 Abstract Data Types and Subprograms 8.1 What Is an Abstract Data Type? 8.2 Stacks 8.3 Queues 8.4 Lists 8.5 Trees Binary Trees Binary Search Trees Other Operations 8.6 Graphs Creating a Graph Graph Algorithms 8.7 Subprograms Parameter Passing Value and Reference Parameters Summary Ethical Issues: Workplace Monitoring Key Terms Exercises Thought Questions Chapter 9 Object-Oriented Design and High-Level Programming Languages 9.1 Object-Oriented Methodology Object Orientation Design Methodology Example 9.2 Translation Process Compilers Interpreters 9.3 Programming Language Paradigms Imperative Paradigm Declarative Paradigm 9.4 Functionality in High-Level Languages Boolean Expressions Data Typing Input/Output Structures Control Structures 9.5 Functionality of Object-Oriented Languages Encapsulation Classes Inheritance Polymorphism 9.6 Comparison of Procedural and Object-Oriented Designs Summary Ethical Issues: Hoaxes and Scams Key Terms Exercises Thought Questions 5 The Operating Systems Layer Chapter 10 Operating Systems 10.1 Roles of an Operating System Memory, Process, and CPU Management Batch Processing Timesharing Other OS Factors 10.2 Memory Management Single Contiguous Memory Management Partition Memory Management Paged Memory Management 10.3 Process Management The Process States The Process Control Block 10.4 CPU Scheduling First Come, First Served Shortest Job Next Round Robin Summary Ethical Issues: Medical Privacy: HIPAA Key Terms Exercises Thought Questions Chapter 11 File Systems and Directories 11.1 File Systems Text and Binary Files File Types File Operations File Access File Protection 11.2 Directories Directory Trees Path Names 11.3 Disk Scheduling First-Come, First-Served Disk Scheduling Shortest-Seek-Time-First Disk Scheduling SCAN Disk Scheduling Summary Ethical Issues: Privacy: Opt-In or Opt-Out? Key Terms Exercises Thought Questions 6 The Applications Layer Chapter 12 Information Systems 12.1 Managing Information 12.2 Spreadsheets Spreadsheet Formulas Circular References Spreadsheet Analysis 12.3 Database Management Systems The Relational Model Relationships Structured Query Language Database Design 12.4 E-Commerce 12.5 Big Data Summary Ethical Issues: Politics and the Internet Key Terms Exercises Thought Questions Chapter 13 Artificial Intelligence 13.1 Thinking Machines The Turing Test Aspects of AI 13.2 Knowledge Representation Semantic Networks Search Trees 13.3 Expert Systems 13.4 Neural Networks Biological Neural Networks Artificial Neural Networks 13.5 Natural-Language Processing Voice Synthesis Voice Recognition Natural-Language Comprehension 13.6 Robotics The Sense–Plan–Act Paradigm Subsumption Architecture Physical Components Summary Ethical Issues: Initial Public Offerings Key Terms Exercises Thought Questions Chapter 14 Simulation, Graphics, Gaming, and Other Applications 14.1 What Is Simulation? Complex Systems Models Constructing Models 14.2 Specific Models Queuing Systems Meteorological Models Computational Biology Other Models Computing Power Necessary 14.3 Computer Graphics How Light Works Object Shape Matters Simulating Light Modeling Complex Objects Getting Things to Move 14.4 Gaming History of Gaming Creating the Virtual World Game Design and Development Game Programming Summary Ethical Issues: Gaming as an Addiction Key Terms Exercises Thought Questions 7 The Communications Layer Chapter 15 Networks 15.1 Networking Types of Networks Internet Connections Packet Switching 15.2 Open Systems and Protocols Open Systems Network Protocols TCP/IP High-Level Protocols MIME Types Firewalls 15.3 Network Addresses Domain Name System Who Controls the Internet? 15.4 Cloud Computing 15.5 Blockchain Summary Ethical Issues: The Effects of Social Networking Key Terms Exercises Thought Questions Chapter 16 The World Wide Web 16.1 Spinning the Web Search Engines Instant Messaging Weblogs Cookies Web Analytics 16.2 HTML and CSS Basic HTML Elements Tag Attributes More About CSS More HTML5 Elements 16.3 Interactive Web Pages Java Applets Java Server Pages 16.4 XML 16.5 Social Network Evolution Summary Ethical Issues: Gambling and the Internet Key Terms Exercises Thought Questions Chapter 17 Computer Security 17.1 Security at All Levels Information Security 17.2 Preventing Unauthorized Access Passwords CAPTCHA Fingerprint Analysis 17.3 Malicious Code Antivirus Software Security Attacks 17.4 Cryptography 17.5 Protecting Your Information Online Corporate Responsibility Security and Portable Devices WikiLeaks Summary Ethical Issues: Blogging and Journalism Key Terms Exercises Thought Questions 8 In Conclusion Chapter 18 Limitations of Computing 18.1 Hardware Limits on Arithmetic Limits on Components Limits on Communications 18.2 Software Complexity of Software Current Approaches to Software Quality Notorious Software Errors 18.3 Problems Comparing Algorithms Turing Machines Halting Problem Classification of Algorithms Summary Ethical Issues: Therac-25: Anatomy of a Disaster Key Terms Exercises Thought Questions Glossary Endnotes Index