Biomimetics: Connecting Ecology and Engineering by Informatics

Description

Biomimetics is based on nature, while technology is based on economy. One of the solutions for a sustainable society is to learn a grand design of technology from nature. Methods that mimic nature have a long history in various fields. Now is the time to use biomimetics as a starting technology design. Biomimetics is gaining a great deal of attention not only in materials and mechanical engineering but also in the ecosystem that comprises city planning, agriculture, and forestry. Informatics is being added to biomimetics to support its diversity and cross-disciplinarity. This book will inspire the undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and general readers who aim to develop technology for sustainability. Edited by Profs Akihiro Miyauchi and Masatsugu Shimomura, two prominent nanotechnology researchers, the book is their second volume on biomimetics. The first volume, Industrial Biomimetics, also published by Jenny Stanford Publishing, focused on the engineering aspect of biomimetics. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface 1. Application of Biomimetics and Public and Industrial Perceptions 1.1: Introduction 1.2: Methodology 1.3: Museum Visitors Perception 1 1.4: Museum Visitors Perception 2 1.5: Perception of Industrial Sectors 1.6: Comparative Analysis 2. Ontology-Enhanced Thesaurus for Promoting Biomimetics Research 2.1: Introduction 2.2: Role of the Knowledge Infrastructure for Biomimetics 2.2.1: Related Work in the Framework of the Design Processes of Biology-Inspired Design 2.2.2: Positioning of OET in the Context of the Whole Design Process 2.2.3: An Envisioned Application 2.2.3.1: How Keyword Explorer works 2.2.3.2: A Motivating Example 2.3: Ontology-Enhanced Thesaurus 2.3.1: Characteristics of Biomimetics DBs 2.3.2: Basic Design of a Biomimetics Database Retrieval Scheme 2.3.3: Keyword Exploration as an Independent Task before Issuing Queries to DBs 2.3.3.1: Keyword exploration and missing links 2.3.3.2: Keyword exploration reasoning 2.3.3.3: Two-step help 2.4: Ontologies in OET 2.4.1: Basic Design of Ontologies in OET 2.4.2: Ontology of Function 2.4.3: Concepts other than Function 2.4.3.1: Taxonomy of creatures 2.4.3.2: Properties 2.4.3.3: Living environments 2.4.3.4: The quality of ontologies in OET 2.5: Implementation and Evaluation of a Prototype of Keyword Explorer 2.5.1: Implementation of Keyword Explorer 2.5.1.1: The demo version 2.5.1.2: The prototype version 2.5.2: Preliminary Evaluation Experiment 2.6: Concluding Remarks 3. Biomimetics Image Retrieval Platform for Bridging Different Study Fields 3.1: Introduction 3.2: Background for New Image Retrieval Platform 3.2.1: Need for an Image Retrieval Scheme in Biomimetics Studies 3.2.2: Image Retrieval Based on a Visualization Technique 3.3: Biomimetics Image Retrieval Platform 3.3.1: Algorithm in Our Retrieval Platform 3.3.2: Functions Equipped in the Biomimetics Image Retrieval Platorm 3.3.3: Inter-field Similarities Discovered by Our Platorm 3.4: Conclusions 4. Theory of Inventive Problem-Solving Method (TRIZ) Applying Biomimetics 4.1: Introduction 4.2: Current Conditions Regarding Patents for Biomimetics 4.3: Engineering Problem Solving Method (TRIZ) Applying Biomimetics 4.3.1: TRIZ Method 4.3.2: Bio-TRIZ Method 4.3.3: Examples of Solutions to Technological Contradictions 4.4: Database of Inventive Problem-Solving Method (TRIZ) Applying Biomimetics 4.4.1: Problem-Oriented Approach-Search from Technical Contradiction Mtrix 4.4.2: Function-Oriented Approach-Search from Function 4.4.3: Inventory of Biomimetic Products 4.5: A Motivating Example of Database 4.5.1: Problem-Oriented Approach for Windmills 4.5.2: Function-Oriented Approach for Windmills 4.5.3: Inventory of Biomimetic Products for Windmills 4.6: Conclusion 5. Urban Planning by Learning from Living Creatures 5.1: Introduction 5.2: Urban Growth and Analogy to Living Creatures 5.3: Cities Affected by Lifestyle-Related Diseases 5.3.1: Metabolic Syndrome 5.3.2: Hypertension 5.3.3: Osteoporosis 5.3.4: Cancer 5.4: Using Apoptosis in Urban Planning 5.4.1: Two Patterns of Cell Death 5.4.2: Compact Town Development Learned from Apoptosis 5.4.3: Necessity of Reduced Diet 5.4.4: Necessity of District Karte 5.5: Concluding Remarks: Thinking about an Evolutionarily Stable Region 6. Functional Elucidation of Biological Interactions in Agricultural Ecosystems and the Application of Biomimetics to Plant Protection 6.1: Vibrational Interactions in Beetles and Bugs and Applications in Plant Protection 6.1.1: Background 6.1.2: Vibrational Interactions in Beetles and Bugs 6.1.3: Vibrational Senses 6.1.4: Application of Vibrations in Plant Protectio 6.2: Contribution of Soybean Leaf Trichomes to the Resistance of Spodoptera Litura 6.2.1: Background 6.2.2: Preference Change with and without Soybean Leaf Trichomes 6.2.3: Chemical Analysis of Trichome Components 6.2.4: Observation and Measurement of Trichome Physical Parameters 6.2.5: Discussion 6.3: Insect Pheromone Communication 6.3.1: Background 6.3.2: Reception of Pheromones 7. Anti-Biofouling Effects against Sessile Organisms of Soft Materials 7.1: Introduction 7.2: Barnacles 7.3: Anti-Biofouling Effects of Soft Mterials 7.4: Anti-Biofouling Effects of Hydrogels in the Ocean 7.5: Barnacle Growth Inhibition Effects of Soft Materials 7.6: Anti-Barnacle Settlement Activity of Microstructured Silicone Elastomers 7.7: Conclusion 8. Biomimetic Devices by Nano/Micro Processing 8.1: Introduction 8.2: Fusion of MEMS with Ultra-High-Precision Three-Dimensional Processing 8.3: Microneedles for Drawing Blood by Mimicking Mosquitoes 8.3.1: Introduction 8.3.2: Structure of the Mosquito Needle and the Stinging Motion 8.3.3: Manufacture of a Microneedle by Ultra-High-Precision Three-Dimensional Laser Lithography 8.3.3.1: Manufacture of a set of three needles to mimic the labrum and two maxillae of a mosquito 8.3.3.2: Proposal for needles in which two split-in-half needles are combined 8.3.3.3: Manufacture of split-in-half microneedles and evaluation of the piercing and blood-drawing functions 8.3.4: Manufacture of a Microneedle Using a Femtosecond Laser 8.3.4.1: Hollow needle mimicking the labrum 8.3.4.2: Plate-shaped needle having a protrusion with a jagged edge 8.3.4.3: Comparison with the proboscis of a mosquito 8.3.4.4: Performance evaluation 8.4: Vacuum Suction Gripper That Mimics the Octopus Acetabulum 8.4.1: Introduction 8.4.2: Principle and Structure 8.4.3: Gripper Manufacture and Gripping Experiment 8.4.3.1: Semispherical gripper with multiple acetabula 8.4.3.2: One-acetabulum gripper with a bellows structure 8.5: An Antibacterial Nanosurface Mimicking Cicada’s Wing Using Biomimetics 8.5.1: Introduction 8.5.2: Observational Results of Cicada Wings and Manufacturing of a Sample 8.5.3: Evaluation of Antibacterial Characteristics 8.5.4: Results 8.6: Fine Protrusions that Mimic the Footpads of Gecko 8.6.1: Introduction 8.6.2: Measuring the Adhesive Area of the Footpad of Gecko 8.6.3: Adsorption Strength Measurement Experiment 8.6.4: Manufacture of an Adsorption Device Using a Three-Dimensional Laser Lithography and Transfer by UV Nano-Imprinting 8.7: A Robot Hand That Mimics the Fingers of a Tree Frog 8.7.1: Introduction 8.7.2: Gripping Strategy 8.7.3: Hand Configuration 8.8: Conclusion 9. Structural Color in Biomimetics 9.1: Introduction 9.2: Optical Principles 9.2.1: Principles for Structural Color 9.2.2: Types of Structural Color 9.3: Applications of Structural Color 9.3.1: Advantages of Structural Color 9.3.2: Various Artificial Approaches 9.4: “Single Colored” Structural Color: Morpho Butterfly 9.4.1: Principles of the Morpho-color 9.4.2: How to Reproduce the Morpho-color? 9.4.3: Another Approach to the Morpho-color 9.5: New Applications of Morpho-Color 9.6: Summary 10. Wetting Phenomena on Structured Surfaces: Contact Angle, Pinning, Rolling and Bouncing 10.1: Introduction 10.2: Equilibrium Contact Angle, Wenzel State and Cassie-Baxter State 10.3: Contact Angle: Thermodynamics of Static Wetting Phenomena 10.4: Pinning Effect 10.5: Lotus Effect 10.6: Bouncing Raindrops on Lotus Leaf: Laplace Pressure and Bouncing Phenomena in Dynamic Wetting of Macroscopic Droplets 10.6.1: Laplace Pressure Generated by Surface Structures 10.6.2: Dynamic Pressure 10.6.3: Bouncing Conditions of Macroscopic Droplets and Importance of Standing Angle and Length of Actual Surface Structures 10.6.4: Summary for Bouncing Behaviors of Macroscopic Droplets on Structured Surfaces 10.7: Bouncing Phenomena of Smaller Droplets on Structured Surface: Restitution Coefficient 10.8: Conclusion 11. Powdered Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives Developed Based on Biomimetics 11.1: Introduction 11.2: What are Liquid Marbles? 11.3: Liquid Marbles Fabricated by Aphids 11.4: Development of Powdered Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives 11.5: Conclusions 12. Fabrication of Artificial Melanin-Based Structural Color Materials through Biomimetic Design 12.1: Introduction 12.2: Structural Colors Found in Nature 12.2.1: Role of Melanin in Structural Coloration 12.2.2: Melanin and Polydopamine 12.3: Structural Coloration by Assembly of Colloidal Particles 12.4: Structural Color Materials from Artificial Melanin Particles 12.4.1: Structural Coloration from Polydopamine Particles 12.4.2: Structural Coloration by Core–Shell Particles with Polydopamine as the Shell Layer 12.4.2.1: Particle design 12.4.2.2: High-visibility structural coloration 12.4.2.3: Effect of assembled structures on coloration 12.4.2.4: Effect of compositions on coloration 12.4.2.5: Effect of particle shapes on coloration 12.4.2.6: Application as coloring materials 12.5: Structural Coloration by Black Additives 12.6: Perspectives 13. Study of Bile Duct Stent Having Antifouling Properties Using Biomimetics Technique 13.1: Introduction 13.2: Biomimetics Technologies 13.3: Biliary Stents with Antifouling Properties 13.4: Production of Mold with Nanohole Structures Based on Snail Shell Surface Structures 13.5: Producing Antifouling Sheets for Stents 13.6: Fabrication of Biliary Stent and Liquid Passage Test 13.7: In vivo Study 13.7.1: Overview of in vivo Study 13.7.2: In vivo Study Procedure 13.7.3: Results of Animal Testing (Antifouling Evaluations) 13.8: Summary 14. Biomimetic Designed Surfaces for Growth Suppression of Biofilm-Inspired Sharkskin Denticles 14.1: Introduction 14.2: Concept of Biofilm Growth Suppression 14.3: Preparation for the Culture Test of Bacteria 14.3.1: Fabrication of Test Sample 14.3.2: Method of Bacterial Culture 14.3.3: Method of Bacterial Culture 14.3.4: Method of Coverage of Bacteria Quantification 14.4: Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect by Biomimetics 14.5: Summary Index