The Routledge Handbook of Language Awareness

Description

The Routledge Handbook of Language Awareness is a comprehensive and informative overview of the broad field of language awareness. It contains a collection of state-of-the-art reviews of both established themes and new directions, authored and edited by experts in the field. The handbook is divided into three sections and reflects the engaging diversity of language awareness perspectives on language teaching and teachers, language learning and learners, and extending to additional areas of importance that are less directly concerned with language instruction. In their introductory chapter, the editors provide valuable background to the language awareness field along with their summary of the chapters and issues covered. A helpful section giving further reading suggestions for each of the chapters is included at the end of the book. This volume is essential reading for graduate students and researchers working in the sphere of language awareness within applied linguistics, sociolinguistics and across the wider spectrum of language and communication. Cover Half Title Series Information Title Page Copyright Page Table of contents Dedication Illustrations Contributors Acknowledgements 1 Language Awareness: Opening Up the Field of Study Exploring the Scope of Language Awareness 1992 and Since The Handbook Chapters Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Conclusion References Part I Focus on Language Teaching and Teachers 2 Language Awareness, Language Diversity and Migrant Languages in the Primary School Why Does Language Awareness Matter in the Primary School? Upholding Language Rights and Developing Citizenship Education in Primary Schools Teachers as Language Awareness Arbiters Language Awareness Lost: The Untapped Potential of Home-Grown Diversity Identifying Institutionalized, Discriminatory Practices Rooted in Misconceptions About Language Tackling Linguistic Parochialism and Prejudice through LA Activities in Schools Promoting Inclusive Language Education Policies at School: Challenges and Opportunities The Role of Research in Language Education: From Policy to Practice Nurturing Teacher Language Awareness and Cultivating Linguistic Ecologies in Schools Related Topics References 3 Form-Focused Instruction Introduction Background Types of Form-Focused Instruction Proactive FFI Input Enhancement Metalinguistic Explanations Consciousness-Raising Tasks Practice Reactive FFI Corrective Feedback Integration of FFI in Content-Based Lessons FFI and Language Awareness Concluding Comments Related Topics Note References 4 Language Awareness and Teacher Development Introduction What is TLA and Why is it Important for Teachers in L2 Contexts to be ‘Language-Aware’? The Origins of Initiatives to Develop L2 Teachers’ LA Approaches to the Development of TLA Adopted in Pre-Service and In-Service Programmes for L2 Teachers TLA in the Context of CLIL and LAC: Challenges and Approaches LA and Teacher Development in CLIL Contexts Concluding Remarks Related Topics References 5 Teachers’ Beliefs and Classroom Practices Introduction Defining Beliefs Why Study Beliefs and Practices? Insights from the Literature Methodological Issues Studying Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices Key Points Guidelines Define a Clear Rationale Problematize ‘Belief’ Problematize the Beliefs/Practice Relationship Maximize Methodological Rigour Conclusion Related Topics References 6 Language Awareness and the Teaching of Listening and Speaking Introduction Awareness about the Nature of Speech Comparing Speech and Writing Features of Spoken Discourse Genres of Speech Spoken Grammar Lexical Items in Speech Discourse Intonation Metacognitive Awareness Metacognition and Instruction Conclusion Related Topics References 7 Language Awareness in the Teaching of Reading and Writing Introduction Review of Prior Research Models of the Reading Process Models of the Writing Process Reading and Writing in Different Languages: Bi- and Multilingual Perspectives Relationships Between Reading and Writing Types of Awareness Relevant for Reading Types of Awareness Relevant for Writing Domains of Language Awareness and their Relevance for Reading and Writing Methods Used Practical Applications: Awareness-based Reading and Writing Approaches Directions for Future Research Related Topics References 8 Teaching Critical Literacy and Language Awareness Literacy and Critical Pedagogy Literacy Critical Pedagogy The Contribution of Foucault A Marxist Position Habermas and Communicative Action: the Linguistic Turn Critical Literacy: the Work of Freire Applications of Theory: Dilemmas in Practical Critical Literacy Whose Opinion? Whose Empowerment? Whose Awareness? Whose Interpretation? The Role of Language Awareness in a Critical Literacy Pedagogy Hallidayan Systemic Functional Grammar The LINC Materials: Application of a Systemic Functional Model Critical Discourse Analysis and Critical Language Awareness Teaching Critical Literacy Examples of Teaching Critical Literacy and Language Awareness: From Consciousness-Raising to Textual Analysis Mother’s Day Romeo and Juliet Men’s Health The Childminder Summarizing Points Related Topics References 9 Literature, Creativity and Language Awareness Definitions and Delimiting the Field Literature Language Awareness Creativity Literary and Linguistic Creativity Literary Linguistic Creativity in Education Stylistics and Linguistic Approaches to Literature in Education Creative Writing Programmes and Methodologies New Departures Related Topics References 10 Raising Teachers’ Awareness about English and English as a Lingua Franca Introduction Teacher Language Awareness (TLA) NNS Teachers’ Awareness Raising ELF-awareness among Expanding Circle Teachers What is ELF-Awareness? Exemplifying ELF-Awareness Awareness of Language and Language Use Awareness of Instructional Practice Awareness of Learning Conclusion Acknowledgement Related Topics Notes References 11 English-medium Instruction in Multilingual University Settings: An Opportunity for Developing Language Awareness EMI in Europe: General Overview Drivers of EMI in Europe Road-Mapping as a Synthesizing Framework Roles of English Academic Disciplines (AD) (Language) Management Agents Practices and Processes Internationalization and Glocalization Current Research Methods in EMI Future Trajectories in EMI Research, Policies and Language Awareness Related Topics References 12 Language Awareness and Assessment Introduction: Language Awareness and Language Assessment, the Story So Far Language(s) Learning and Education Assessment and Learning Assessment or Testing? Language Assessment and Language Awareness, Whys and Hows Autonomy, Self-Assessment and Peer Assessment Learning Visibility Exams and Tests Challenges Conclusions Related Topics References Part II Focus on Language Learning and Learners 13 The Study of Metalinguistic Constructs in Second Language Acquisition Research Definition of Metalinguistic Constructs Metalinguistic Knowledge Metalinguistic Awareness Metalinguistic Reflection and Activity Metalinguistic Ability Metalanguage Synthesis Overview of the Metalinguistic Research in SLA Correlational Studies Descriptive Studies Developmental Studies Synthesis Conclusion: Future Research on Metalinguistic Constructs Related Topics Notes References 14 Revisiting Research on L2 Learner Beliefs: Looking Back and Looking Forward Looking Back The Beginnings Traditional Approach Contextual Approach(es) Looking Forward More Recent Twists and Turns Discursive Turn, Research Continued Sociocultural/Dialogical Turn, Research Continued Affective Turn, Beginnings Complexity/Ecological Turn, Beginnings Suggestions for Further Studies and Raising Learners’ Awareness of their Beliefs Related Topics References 15 Language Awareness and the Development of Learners’ Plurilingual Competence Introduction Plurilingualism and Plurilingual Competence: From an Acknowledged Reality to an Established Didactic Goal Language Awareness and the Development of Plurilingual Competence Possible Interconnections between the Development of Learner’s Plurilingual Competence and Language Awareness: An Overview Which PC Dimensions Have Been Tackled by Researchers/Practitioners? What Domains of LA do the PC Dimensions Relate to? Which Teaching Approaches/Practices Are Used to Encourage Learners’ LA Within the Scope of the Development of their PC? Final Considerations Related Topics References 16 Language Awareness in Multilingual Learning and Teaching Introduction Strands of Research on Metalinguistic Awareness Linguistics Psychology Education The Complexity and Dynamics of Multilingualism and Multilingual Development Terminology Crosslinguistic Influence in TLA and the L2 Status Forms of Multilingual Learning Multilingual Use Applying Dynamic Systems and/or Complexity Theory to Multilingualism Relating the Socio- to the Psycholinguistic Level of Multilingualism Holistic Thinking as a DCT-Based Principle The Butterfly Effect or Sensitive Dependence on Initial Conditions Multilingual Awareness: Emergent Property of the Multilingual System The Role of MLA in DMM Components of Multilingual Awareness Exploring and Testing Metalinguistic Awareness The Relationship Between Bilingualism and Third Language Learning Artificial Language Learning Learning an Unknown Language Strategy Use in Multilingual Learning Focus on Multilingual Awareness in Multilingual Teaching Multicompetence Approaches Choice of Languages and Order of Acquisition in a School Context Teaching Material Future Perspectives Related Topics References 17 The Role of Language Awareness in a Study Abroad Context How Does SA Compare with Other Learning Contexts? Preliminary Considerations on Language Awareness Rationale for this Chapter: The Relationship between Learning Context and Type of Knowledge Previous Research on SA and Language Awareness Previous Research on SA and Attention-Related Cognitive Capacities Previous Research on Language Learning Awareness Concluding Remarks Related Topics Notes References 18 The Role of Collaborative Tasks and Peer Interaction in the Development of Second Language Awareness Introduction Theoretical and Applied Perspectives How and When Does Peer Interaction Foster Language Awareness? Language-Related Episodes What Kinds of Language Forms do Peers Focus on? Task Type and Task Features Learner Factors Methods Used to Investigate the Topic Theoretical and Practical Impacts of the Research Carried Out on the Topic Directions for Future Research Related Topics References Appendix A Transcription key for all examples 19 “I h8 txt msgs”. How Social Media Has Had an Impact on Language Awareness The Role of Language Awareness, Social Media and Language Education Social Media and Language Changes: ‘New’ Uses, Awareness and Mindsets Studies into the Use of Social Media for Language Learning and LA Areas for Further Research Conclusion Related Topics References 20 Pragmatic Awareness in Second Language Acquisition Awareness in Pragmatics Pedagogy Pragmatics Awareness Research Awareness of L2 Pragmatics Awareness of Differences in Interlanguage and Target Pragmatics Instructional Effect Studies The Future of Awareness Research in Pragmatics Related Topics Notes References 21 The Role of Phonological Awareness in Language Learning Relevance of the Topic Main Issues Main Research Findings Linguistic Factors L1 and L2 Inventories Orthography Learner Factors Age Aptitude Individual Variation Willingness to Communicate: Motivation/Attitude/Identity Degree and Quality of L2 Exposure General Exposure The Role of Instruction Future Directions Related Topics Acknowledgements References Part III Beyond Language Pedagogy 22 Language Awareness and Multimodality: A Social Semiotic Approach to Visual Composition Introduction Practical Knowledge Genesis Amnesia Normative Discourses Personal Authority Impersonal Authority Role Models Expertise Discourses of Composition Conclusion Related Topics References 23 Folk Linguistics and Language Awareness Introduction FL Who, What, and Where: The Folk, the Status, and the Data for FL The Evidence and Procedural Construction of FL The Uses of FL LA Related Topics Note References 24 Language Awareness and Language Change Influence from Change on Awareness? Influence from Change – on Awareness in European Linguistic Thinking Influence from Change – on Awareness in ‘Real People’ Labov about Effect of Change on Awareness Effect on Awareness – a Matter of Dichotomy or Degree? LANCHART about Effect from Change on Awareness Influence from Awareness on Change The Driving Force of Change: ‘Subjectivity’ or ‘Density’? Social Factors and Social Awareness The Organizing Polarities of Social Life The Danish Evidence Related Topics Notes References 25 Language Awareness in Minority Language Contexts Introduction Revitalization and Language Policy Spain: A Multilingual State A Case Study: The Basque-Speaking Community Educational Language Policy The Teachers’ Role Conclusions Related Topics References 26 Language Awareness in Diasporic Contexts Introduction Mobility and Language Awareness Sociolinguistic Aspects of Language Awareness in Diaspora Conceptual and Methodological Development From Locality to Space of Language Use Subjective Factors and Language Awareness Attitudes to Own (Heritage) Languages and Language Shift Attitudes Towards Immigrants Language and Identity Language Attitudes and Ideologies in Diasporic Contexts Awareness of Foreignness and Accent Critical Language Awareness in Migration Contexts Language Power and Inequality Theoretical and Practical Impact of the Research Directions for Future Research Conclusion Related Topics Notes References 27 Language Awareness and the Acquisition of Intercultural Communicative Competence Introduction Defining Intercultural Competence and Intercultural Communicative Competence Awareness of Language and Awareness of Culture Language and Culture – the Language-Culture Nexus Symbolic Competence The Intercultural Speaker Awareness of Language and Culture in Intercultural Communicative Competences Teaching Languacultural Awareness Assessment Conclusions Related Topics References 28 Language Awareness and Translation Introduction Translation and Interpreting Studies The Importance of Awareness of Translation and Interpreting Definitions of Language Awareness Language Awareness and Cross-Linguistic Awareness Translators and Language Awareness Creative Translating Language Awareness-raising by Means of Translational Stylistics Language Varieties Idiolects Thematization The Representation of the World: Deixis Future Prospects Related Topics Note References 29 Language Awareness in Multilingual and Multicultural Organizations Introduction Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Topic Intercultural Communication Workplace Studies Gatekeeping Research Cross-cutting Concepts Culture Miscommunication Diversity Management Training Directions for Further Research Related Topics Note References 30 Contesting Key Terms and Concepts in the Civil Sphere: A Neo-Gramscian Analysis of Language Awareness Introduction Localized Negotiation Over the Concept of Sustainability: Local Capital and the Significance of Space and Time Contesting or Welcoming Sustainability: The Case for Considering More Than One Imaginary The Discursive Struggle of the Indignados in Spain (2011–2015) Final Reflections and Conclusion Related Topics References Further Reading for Each Chapter Chapter 1. Language Awareness: Opening Up the Field of Study Chapter 2. Language Awareness, Language Diversity and Migrant Languages in the Primary School Chapter 3. Form-Focused Instruction Chapter 4. Language Awareness and Teacher Development Chapter 5. Teachers’ Beliefs and Classroom Practices Chapter 6. Language Awareness and the Teaching of Listening and Speaking Chapter 7. Language Awareness in the Teaching of Reading and Writing Chapter 8. Teaching Critical Literacy and Language Awareness Chapter 9. Literature, Creativity and Language Awareness Chapter 10. Raising Teachers’ Awareness about English and English as a Lingua Franca Chapter 11. English-medium Instruction in Multilingual University Settings: An Opportunity for Developing Language Awareness Chapter 12. Language Awareness and Assessment Chapter 13. The Study of Metalinguistic Constructs in Second Language Acquisition Research Chapter 14. Revisiting Research on L2 Learner Beliefs: Looking Back and Looking Forward Chapter 15. Language Awareness and the Development of Learners’ Plurilingual Competence Chapter 16. Language Awareness in Multilingual Learning and Teaching Chapter 17. The Role of Language Awareness in a Study Abroad Context Chapter 18. The Role of Collaborative Tasks and Peer Interaction in the Development of Second Language Awareness Chapter 19. “I h8 txt msgs”. How Social Media Has Had an Impact on Language Awareness Chapter 20. Pragmatic Awareness in Second Language Acquisition Chapter 21. The Role of Phonological Awareness in Language Learning Chapter 22. Language Awareness and Multimodality: A Social Semiotic Approach to Visual Composition Chapter 23. Folk Linguistics and Language Awareness Chapter 24. Language Awareness and Language Change Chapter 25. Language Awareness in Minority Language Contexts Chapter 26. Language Awareness in Diasporic Contexts Chapter 27. Language Awareness and the Acquisition of Intercultural Communicative Competence Chapter 28. Language Awareness and Translation Chapter 29. Language Awareness in Multilingual and Multicultural Organizations Chapter 30. Contesting Key Terms and Concepts in the Civil Sphere: A Neo-Gramscian Analysis of Language Awareness Index