Phlebotomy: A Competency-Based Approach

Description

The third edition of Phlebotomy: A Competency-Based Approach was designed to provide a complete introduction to the practice of phlebotomy, with complete coverage of safety procedures, equipment, point-of-care testing, and other skills. The textbook speaks directly to students and encourages them to identify and apply the concepts learned. The text focuses on “need-to-know” information, and explains the reasoning behind the clinical information for a well-rounded and practical learning experience. It is suitable for phlebotomy certification programs, medical laboratory technician programs, medical assistant programs, and even independent and distance learning courses. Cover......Page 1 Phlebotomy......Page 2 About the Authors......Page 4 Brief Contents......Page 5 Contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 11 Acknowledgments......Page 16 Acknowledgments from the Authors......Page 19 CHAPTER 1: Phlebotomy and Healthcare......Page 20 1.1 Phlebotomy......Page 21 1.2 Phlebotomist’s Role......Page 23 1.3 Healthcare Facilities......Page 25 1.4 The Healthcare Team......Page 27 1.5 The Medical Laboratory......Page 29 1.6 Regulatory Agencies......Page 34 1.7 Qualities of a Phlebotomist......Page 37 Check Your Competency 1-1: Communication and Customer Service......Page 40 CHAPTER 2: Safety and Preparedness......Page 46 2.1 Medical Biohazards......Page 47 2.2 Personal Safety and Preparedness......Page 49 Competency Checklist: Using an Eyewash Station......Page 69 Competency Checklist: Safety Equipment in the Clinical Setting......Page 70 CHAPTER 3: Infection Control......Page 71 3.1 Disease Transmission......Page 72 3.2 Controlling Infection......Page 75 Check Your Competency 3-1: Hand Hygiene......Page 77 Check Your Competency 3-2: Using Personal Protective Equipment......Page 81 Competency Checklist: Handwashing......Page 87 Competency Checklist: Gowning, Gloving, and Masking......Page 88 CHAPTER 4: Medical Terminology and Abbreviations......Page 89 4.1 Medical Language......Page 90 4.2 Medical Abbreviations......Page 93 4.3 Anatomical Terminology......Page 95 CHAPTER 5: Body Systems and Related Laboratory Tests......Page 108 5.1 Integumentary System......Page 109 5.2 Skeletal System......Page 111 5.3 Muscular System......Page 112 5.4 Lymphatic and Immune Systems......Page 113 5.5 Respiratory System......Page 115 5.6 Digestive System......Page 117 5.7 Nervous System......Page 119 5.8 Endocrine System......Page 120 5.9 Cardiovascular System......Page 123 5.10 Urinary System......Page 127 5.11 Female and Male Reproductive Systems......Page 129 5.12 Test Panels and Profiles......Page 130 CHAPTER 6: The Cardiovascular System......Page 140 6.1 The Heart and Circulation......Page 141 6.2 Blood Vessels......Page 144 6.3 Veins Commonly Used for Phlebotomy......Page 149 6.4 Composition of Blood......Page 151 6.5 Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation......Page 161 6.6 ABO and Rh Blood Types......Page 163 CHAPTER 7: Patient and Specimen Requirements......Page 172 7.1 Laboratory Requisitions......Page 173 7.2 Professional Communication......Page 176 7.3 Healthcare Ethics and Law......Page 179 Check Your Competency 7-1: Patient Identification......Page 183 7.5 Specimen Identification......Page 187 7.6 Factors Affecting Specimen Quality and Test Results......Page 190 7.7 Documenting Specimen Collection......Page 196 CHAPTER 8: Blood Collection Equipment......Page 204 8.1 Common Blood Collection Equipment......Page 205 8.2 Equipment Unique to Venipuncture......Page 210 8.3 Equipment Unique to Microcollection......Page 218 8.4 Additives and Color Coding......Page 220 8.5 Order of Draw......Page 226 8.6 Blood Collection Equipment Manufacturers......Page 229 Competency Checklist: Order of Draw for Venipuncture......Page 238 Competency Checklist: Order of Draw for Dermal (Capillary) Puncture......Page 239 CHAPTER 9: Venipuncture......Page 240 Check Your Competency 9-1: Basic Blood Collection......Page 241 Check Your Competency 9-2: Tourniquet Application......Page 245 9.2 Difficult Blood Draws......Page 256 9.3 Venipuncture Complications......Page 260 Competency Checklist: Routine Venipuncture (Evacuated Tube System)......Page 270 Competency Checklist: Transferring Specimens to Tubes......Page 272 Competency Checklist: Routine Venipuncture (Syringe)......Page 273 Competency Checklist: Venipuncture Using a Butterfly and Syringe......Page 275 Competency Checklist: Venipuncture Using a Butterfly and Evacuated Tube Adaptor......Page 277 CHAPTER 10: Dermal (Capillary) Puncture......Page 279 10.1 The Dermal (Capillary) Puncture......Page 280 10.2 Preparing for a Dermal (Capillary) Puncture......Page 281 Check Your Competency 10-1: Dermal (Capillary) Puncture Preparation......Page 282 10.3 Performing a Dermal (Capillary) Puncture......Page 285 Check Your Competency 10-2: Performing a Dermal (Capillary) Puncture......Page 286 10.4 Collecting the Dermal (Capillary) Specimen......Page 287 Check Your Competency 10-3: Collecting the Dermal (Capillary) Specimen......Page 290 Competency Checklist: Dermal (Capillary) Puncture on Finger......Page 296 Competency Checklist: Dermal (Capillary) Puncture on Heel......Page 298 CHAPTER 11: Blood Specimen Handling......Page 300 11.1 Specimen Transport......Page 301 11.2 Special Specimen Handling......Page 305 Check Your Competency 11-1: Forensic Testing Guidelines......Page 311 11.3 Specimen Rejection......Page 317 Competency Checklist: Specimen Handling: Temperature-Sensitive Specimens......Page 329 Competency Checklist: Specimen Handling: Light-Sensitive Specimens......Page 330 Competency Checklist: Maintaining a Chain of Custody......Page 331 Competency Checklist: Centrifuge Operation......Page 332 CHAPTER 12: Quality Essentials......Page 333 12.1 Maintaining Quality......Page 334 12.2 Documenting Quality Control Activities......Page 343 12.3 Quality Improvement Processes......Page 346 Competency Checklist: Quality Assurance in the Laboratory......Page 357 Competency Checklist: Temperature Quality Control......Page 358 CHAPTER 13: Special Phlebotomy Procedures......Page 359 13.1 Blood Cultures......Page 360 Check Your Competency 13-1: Cleaning the Blood Culture Site......Page 362 Check Your Competency 13-2: Blood Culture Collection Comparison of Procedures......Page 365 13.2 Glucose Testing......Page 366 13.3 Neonatal Screening......Page 369 Check Your Competency 13-4: Dermal (Capillary) Puncture State Testing on Infants......Page 372 13.4 Peripheral Blood Smears......Page 373 Check Your Competency 13-5: Thin Blood Smear......Page 375 13.5 Blood Collection for the Blood Bank......Page 379 Check Your Competency 13-6: Type and Cross-Match......Page 381 13.6 Arterial Blood Collection......Page 385 Check Your Competency 13-7: Arterial Puncture......Page 386 13.7 Venous Access Devices......Page 388 Competency Checklist: Blood Culture Procedure......Page 395 Competency Checklist: Neonatal Testing......Page 397 Competency Checklist: Preparation of Blood Smears......Page 398 Competency Checklist: Specimen Collection for Type and Cross-Match......Page 399 CHAPTER 14: Collection of Non-Blood Specimens......Page 400 14.1 Swab Specimens......Page 401 Check Your Competency 14-1: Throat Swab Collection......Page 402 Check Your Competency 14-2: Nasal Swab Collection......Page 404 Check Your Competency 14-3: Nasopharyngeal Swab Collection......Page 405 14.2 Sputum Specimens......Page 406 14.3 Stool Specimens......Page 407 14.4 Semen Specimens......Page 408 14.5 Urine Specimens......Page 409 Check Your Competency 14-4: Female Clean-Catch Urine Specimen Collection......Page 411 Check Your Competency 14-5: Male Clean-Catch Urine Specimen Collection......Page 412 Check Your Competency 14-6: 24-Hour Urine Specimen Collection......Page 413 14.6 Other Non-Blood Specimens......Page 414 Competency Checklist: Throat Swab Collection......Page 421 Competency Checklist: Nasal Swab Collection......Page 422 Competency Checklist: Nasopharyngeal Swab Collection......Page 423 CHAPTER 15: Waived Testing......Page 424 15.1 Levels of Laboratory Testing......Page 425 15.2 Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate......Page 428 Check Your Competency 15-1: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Testing......Page 429 15.3 Fecal Occult Blood Testing......Page 431 15.4 Microhematocrit......Page 432 15.6 Urine Testing......Page 435 Check Your Competency 15-2: Urine Chemical Screening......Page 437 15.7 Point-of-Care Testing (POCT)......Page 438 Check Your Competency 15-3: Glucose Point-of-Care Testing......Page 440 Competency Checklist: Urine Chemical Screening......Page 445 Competency Checklist: Point-of-Care Glucose Testing......Page 446 CHAPTER 16: Practicing Professional Behavior......Page 447 16.1 Professional Behavior......Page 448 16.2 Diversity in Healthcare......Page 449 16.3 Risk Management......Page 454 16.4 Coping with Stress......Page 456 16.5 Professional Community......Page 459 Competency Checklist: Patient Communication......Page 472 APPENDIX A: Standard Precautions......Page 473 APPENDIX B: Transmission-Based Precautions......Page 476 APPENDIX C: Prefixes, Suffixes, and Word Roots in Commonly Used Medical Terms......Page 478 APPENDIX D: Abbreviations and Symbols Commonly Used in Medical Notations......Page 481 APPENDIX E: Medical Laboratory Tests......Page 484 GLOSSARY......Page 493 INDEX......Page 502