Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: Symptoms, Therapy and Clinical Challenges

Description

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which is characterized by distressing intrusive thoughts and repetitive, time-consuming, task-oriented actions intended to counter these thoughts and reduce anxiety, represents a serious psychiatric condition and cause of disability worldwide. This book consists of five chapters that provide details on the effects of OCD and strategies for reducing its negative impact. Chapter One provides a general overview of OCD, including its neurochemical basis and treatment approaches. Chapter Two explores some of the nuisances present in working with individuals with OCD within the context of obsessive and compulsive content that may require additive elements to be considered in treatment. Chapter Three discusses the diagnostic criteria, clinical aspects, and current treatment approaches of pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome and pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections. Chapter Four describes the effects of the pandemic on children and adolescents with OCD. Lastly, Chapter Five explains the role that religion takes in certain presentations of OCD and informs clinicians how to differentiate between standard religious practices and compulsive behaviors. Contents Preface Chapter 1 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A General Overview Abstract Abbreviations Introduction Epidemiology Symptoms and Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis and Classification Differential Diagnosis Comorbidity Psychiatric Comorbidity Neurological Comorbidity Immunological and Inflammatory Comorbidities Other Comorbidities Neuroanatomy Neurochemistry Neurogenetics Treatment Pharmacotherapy Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Clomipramine Serotonin–Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) Refractory OCD Glutamatergic Agents: The NMDA Receptor Other Medications Psychotherapy Deep TMS for Treatment-Resistant OCD Neurosurgery Stereotactic Ablation Deep Brain Stimulation Conclusion References Biographical Sketches Chapter 2 Relevant Mechanisms in Treating Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: The Case for Domain-Specific Relevance with Scrupulosity and Other Forms of Obsessions and Compulsions Abstract Introduction A Highly Efficacious Treatment Challenges in the Treatment of OCD Reasons behind the Heterogeneity Mechanisms of Action Cognitive and Experiential Mechanisms: Religiosity as an Example The Role of Trauma and Other Psychological Constructs in the Etiology of OCD Implementation Within a Treatment Context Working with Religiosity Cultural Humility in Examining Cognitive Mechanisms of Action Trauma and OCD Values as They Relate to Obsessive Content Emotional Change Processes Conclusion References Chapter 3 Acute-Onset Subtypes of Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome and Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections Abstract Introduction Diagnostic Criteria Pathophysiology Clinical Aspects Treatment Antimicrobials and Secondary Prophylaxis Immunomodulatory Therapies Psychoactive Drugs and CBT Conclusion References Chapter 4 The Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Adolescents with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Abstract Introduction Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Adolescents Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Adolescents with OCD Conclusion References Chapter 5 A Review of Considerations in Assessing and Treating Religious-Themed Obsessions Abstract Introduction Understanding OCD and Scrupulosity A Review of Research: Prevalence and Presentation Assessment and Intervention Implications Assessment Intervention Case Example Conclusion References Index Blank Page Blank Page