The World of Ancient Rome [2 volumes]: A Daily Life Encyclopedia

Description

This study of Ancient Rome offers a fascinating glimpse of what Roman society was like―from fashion, to food, to politics and recreation―gathered from literary works, art, and archaeological remains. While the political history and prominent figures of Ancient Rome are well known, accounts of daily life in that time and place often remain untold. This fascinating encyclopedia explores this period from a social and cultural perspective, digging into the day-to-day activities of how Romans dressed, what they ate, how they worked, and what they did for fun. Drawing from recent archaeological evidence, author James W. Ermatinger explores the everyday lives of Roman citizens of all levels and classes. This book is organized into ten sections: art, economics, family, fashion, food, housing, politics, recreation, religion, and science. Each section contains more than two dozen entries that illuminate such topics as slavery as a social movement; the menus of peasants, slaves, and the elite; and the science and engineering solutions that became harbingers for today's technology. The work contains a selection of primary documents as well as a bibliography of print and Internet resources. Focuses on daily life rather than dates and wars, making for engaging content for all readers Offers a bibliography of important works as well as online and print resources for further reading Includes coverage of a breadth of topics ranging from performing arts to town planning and military uniforms to banquets Features approximately 250 entries with topics arranged alphabetically Connects to national standards for world history Cover VOLUME 1 Half Title Title Copyright Dedication Contents Preface Introduction Chronology: From the Founding of Rome (753 BCE) to the Death of Marcus Aurelius (180 CE) Arts Introduction Agricultural Treatises Art Collecting Caesar, Gaius Julius Catullus, Gaius Valerius Cicero, Marcus Tullius Decorations Drama Etruscan Geographical Treatises Hellenism Jewish Literature Livy (Titus Livius) Lucretius (Titus Lucretius Carus) Ovid (Publius Ovidius Naso) Performing Arts Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus) Polybius Portraiture Pottery Prose Roman Classical Literature Romanitas Sallust (Gaius Sallustius Crispus) Satire Sculpture Seneca Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro) Economics and Work Introduction Agriculture Banking Builders Collegium Economic Policy Farming Fullers (Dry Cleaning) Industry Laborers Latifundia Leather Making Manumission Markets Merchants Milling/Baking Mining Money Professionals Public Works Ranching Shipbuilding Shopkeepers Slavery Social Structure Taxes Trade Weavers Family and Gender Introduction Adoption Adultery Cemeteries Childhood Courtship Cremation Death and Dying Divorce Education Family Life Family Planning Freedmen Funerals Heirs Higher Education Homosexuality Household Inhumation Legal Divisions Marriage Paterfamilias Patronage Population Pregnancy Suicide Wills Women’s Duties Fashion and Appearance Introduction Beards Bikini Clothing Colors Cosmetics Ethnic Dress Fabrics Greek/Eastern Dress Hairstyles Hygiene Jewelry, Men Jewelry, Women Military Dress Northern European Dress Personal Accouterments Public Appearance Rural Fashion Shoes Shopping Districts Toga Toiletries Underclothing Urban Amenities Women’s Clothing Food and Drink Introduction Amphorae Banquets, Private Beer Cereals Delicacies Dining while Traveling Dinner Party Festivals Fish Food Preservation Food Servers Fruits Meats Poultry Roman Dinnerware Roman Kitchens Rural Elite Diet Rural Peasant Diet Serving Spices State Banquets Trade Routes Transport Urban Elite Diet Urban Poor Diet Vegetables Wine VOLUME 2 Half Title Title Copyright Dedication Contents Housing and Community Introduction Apartments Building Techniques City Houses City Traffic Colonial Planning Colonies Crime Floors Forum Furniture Gardens Masonry Construction Palaces Public Architecture Public Dangers Public Structures Roofs Rural and Periodic Markets Rural Houses Street Trade Surveying Town Planning Villa Wall Coverings Wooden House Components Politics and Warfare Introduction Agrarian Reforms Auxiliaries Cursus Honorum Elections Government Imperialism Justice and Punishment Legions Military Camps Military Command Military Strategies and Tactics Military Uniforms Military Weapons Navy Punic Wars Race Roman Finances Roman Provincial Treatment Roman Rule Roman View of War Samnite Wars Senate Social War Soldiers’ Lives Soldiers’ Service Soldiers’ Training Tribes Recreation and Social Customs Introduction Actors Adolescent Baths Books and Libraries Brothels Circus Racing Class Structure and Status Etiquette/Hospitality Festivals, Private Gambling Games Gladiatorial Combat Gladiatorial Training Hunts Leisure Music and Dance Musical Instruments Pleasures Public Festivals at Rome Retirement Sport Sumptuary Laws Theaters and Odeon Travel Triumphs Vacations Work versus Leisure Days Religion and Beliefs Introduction Afterlife Astrology Atheism Bacchus Ceres Christianity Cybele Emperor Worship Hades Isis and Osiris Judaism Lupercalia Magic Mithraic Mysteries Moral Codes Mystery Religions Olympian Religion Persephone/Libera Private Worship Punic Religion Roman Foundation Myths Roman Priests Sacred Groves Sacrifices State Religion Temples Vesta Science and Technology Introduction Agricultural Devices Aqueducts Astronomy Calendar Reforms Carts Engineering Geography Hand Tools Harbors Health Inventions Machinery Metallurgy Military Technology Minting Roads Roman Glass Roman Medicine Roman Time Keeping Ship Rigging Ships Tools, Wood and Stone Wagons Warships Water Inventions Weights and Measures Primary Documents Arts The Size and Components of a Villa: Columella, De Re Rustica (On Agriculture) (First Century CE) Economics and Work Description of a Latifundia: Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia (Natural History) (ca. 79 CE) Family and Gender The Paterfamilias—the Story of Publius Horatius: Livy, The History of Rome (Ab Urbe Condita) (Late First Century BCE) Fashion and Appearance Emperors Augustus (Octavian) and Nero Shave Their Beards: Dio Cassius, Roman History (Historia Romana) (ca. 229 CE) and Suetonius, The Lives of the Twelve Caesars (De Vita Caesarum) (ca. 121 CE) Food and Drink The Banquet of Trimalchio: Petronius Arbiter, Satyricon (ca. 50s–60s CE) Housing and Community Pliny the Younger and the Emperor Trajan Discuss the Need for Fire Departments: Pliny, Letters of Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus (ca. 110–113 CE) Politics and Warfare The Reforms of Tiberius Gracchus: Plutarch, Lives (Late First Century CE) Recreation and Social Customs Description of the Circus Maximus: Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities (Late First Century BCE) and Seneca’s Disgust with the Audience at the Gladiatorial Games: Seneca’s Letter to Lucilius (50s–60s CE) Religion and Beliefs Description of Roman Priests and Vestals: Plutarch, Life of Numa (ca. 110 CE) Science and Technology The Romans Build a War Fleet to Defeat Carthage: Polybius, The Histories (Late Second Century BCE) Bibliography Index