The Great Demarcation: The French Revolution and the Invention of Modern Property

Description

The Great Demarcation explores how the French Revolution transformed the system of property-holding that had existed in France before 1789, thus creating the framework for modern definitions of property and political forms. This book examines the Revolution not from an economic or social perspective, but through the lens of the laws and institutions of property. The Revolution's dramatic legal restructuring aimed at two fundamental goals: removing formal public power from the sphere of private property, and excising property rights from the realm of the new sovereign, the nation. The revolutionaries accomplished these two aims by abolishing privately-owned forms of public power—such as jurisdictional lordship and venal public office—and by dismantling the Crown domain to construct a purely sovereign State. These efforts brought about a Great Demarcation: a radical distinction between property and power from which flowed critical distinctions between the political and the social, state and society, sovereignty and ownership, the public and private. These distinctions destroyed the conceptual basis of the Old Regime, laid the foundation of France's new constitutional order, and crystallized modern ways of thinking about polities and societies. This, Blaufarb claims, was the Revolution's fundamental act, the stake in the Old Regime's heart, and the basis of all of its other reforms. Tracing how the French Revolution sought to remake the country's legal and institutional reality, The Great Demarcation shows how the revolutionary transformation of Old Regime property helped to inaugurate political modernity. Cover......Page 1 Titlepage......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Dedication......Page 6 Contents......Page 8 Acknowledgments......Page 10 Note on the Use of French Technical Vocabulary......Page 14 Introduction......Page 18 1. Talking Property before 1789......Page 32 2. Loyseau’s Legacy: The Night of August 4th and the First Abolition of Feudalism......Page 65 3. The Death and Rebirth of the Direct Domain: The Second Feudal Abolition......Page 99 4. The Invention of the National Domain......Page 136 5. Emptying the Domain: The Problem of Engagements......Page 165 6. When the Nation Became a Lord: Feudal Dues as Biens Nationaux......Page 192 Epilogue......Page 225 Glossary......Page 240 Notes......Page 244 Bibliography......Page 276 Index......Page 288