Clinical Forensic Psychology: Introductory Perspectives on Offending

Description

This book represents a comprehensive collection of theoretical and empirical work at the nexus of clinical and forensic psychology written by world-renowned experts in the field. It is among the first books in the field to focus entirely on clinical psychological science applied to the understanding and treatment of offending. Part I addresses the main theoretical and clinical models used to explain and predict antisocial behavior, spanning biological, cognitive, experimental, individual differences, and interpersonal perspectives. Part II focuses on forms of psychopathology associated with an increased tendency to offend, with the emphasis on describing the clinical constructs most relevant for forensic psychology. Each chapter describes the clinical characteristics of one form of psychopathology, their assessment, their links with antisocial behavior, and treatment considerations.  Part III focuses on different types of offense or offender groups as starting points. This perspective has relevance since many criminal justice and forensic mental health systems allocate offenders to interventions based on their index offense (or history of offenses). Finally, Part IV addresses the application of clinical psychology in the service of assessment and treatment in forensic settings. It includes the state of the art on diagnostic and risk assessment, as well as both widely used and recently developed interventions. This book is an excellent resource for students at both Bachelor’s and Master’s level, while also representing a comprehensive handbook for experienced researchers and practitioners. Foreword References Preface What is Clinical Forensic Psychology? Roadmap of the Book Acknowledgments Contents List of Tables List of Boxes 1 History of Forensic Psychology Introduction Evolution of the Field Historical Origins Early Development Legal Milestones Developments—1960s Through 2000 Forensic Psychology Today Race in Forensic Psychology Media and Pop Culture Key Theories and Research Legal Psychology Criminal Psychology Psychological Theories of Crime Psychopathy Biological and Neuropsychological Theories Behavioral Theories Interdisciplinary Theoretical Perspectives Police Psychology Victimology and Restorative Justice Forensic Assessment Academic Programs and Training Roles and Careers in Criminal Justice and Forensic Practice Trial Consultant Forensic Evaluator and Expert Witness Victim Service Provider and Victim Advocate Correctional Psychologist Police Psychologist Criminal Profiler The Future of the Field Diverse Populations Ethics of Labeling Technology Part I Underpinnings of Deviant Behavior 2 Antisocial Behavior Prevention: Toward a Developmental Biopsychosocial Perspective Introduction A Brief Historical Overview of Developmental Models of ASB Genetic Model Evolutionist Model Biopsychological Models Psychosocial Models An Integrative Developmental Biopsychosocial Model of ASB Starting from the Beginning ASB Development and Its Spectrum Association and Interplay Between Genes and Environment Environmental Effects on Gene Expression: Epigenetics A Biopsychosocial Intergenerational Perspective on the Development of ASB Preventive Interventions from a Developmental Biopsychosocial Perspective A Joint Agenda for ASB Research and Intervention: Integrated Biopsychosocial Prevention Trials Conclusion: The Developmental Biopsychosocial Model of ASB Coming of Age Further Reading Suggestions 3 Cardiovascular Psychophysiology and Antisocial Behavior Introduction Theories of Biosocial Interactions Heart Rate and Antisocial Behavior Biosocial Interactions Involving Heart Rate Heart Rate Variability Biosocial Interactions Involving HRV Pre-Ejection Period Biosocial Interactions Involving PEP Discussion Conclusions Further Reading Suggestions 4 Moral-Cognitive Delay and Distortions Introduction Introduction: Social Cognitive Limitations Moral-Cognitive Delay Self-Serving Cognitive Distortions A Case Study McVeigh’s Moral-Cognitive Developmental Delay McVeigh’s Self-Serving Cognitive Distortions Case Study Summary and Conclusion Suggestions for Further Reading 5 Emotion and Emotion Regulation Introduction Emotional Experience: Relevance for Clinical Forensic Psychology Anger Beyond Anger: The Role of Other Negative Emotions Emotion Regulation: Discovering New Grounds Emotion Regulation and Emotional Experience: Attempts at Integration Clinical Implications Conclusions Further Reading Suggestions 6 Basic Personality and Deviant Behavior Introduction Psychopathy, Antisocial Personality Disorder, and Narcissism A Trait Approach The Utility of the Trait Approach The Role of Antagonism Suggestions for Further Reading 7 Callous-Unemotional Traits and Empathy Introduction CU Traits Empathy Affective vs Cognitive (Empathy) Pain Empathy Modulation of Empathy Conclusion Further Reading 8 Narratives Roles of Criminal Actions Introduction Organism or Person? The Narrative Perspective The Narrative Roles Questionnaire Psychological Underpinnings of Narratives Replicability of Narrative Roles Narrative Roles, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Implications Conclusions Organism or Person? The Narrative Perspective The Narrative Roles Questionnaire (NRQ) Offence Narrative Roles The Revengeful Mission Tragic Hero The Professional The Victim Psychological Aspects of Narratives Cognitive Components Affective Components Identity Components Replicability of Narrative Roles Narrative Roles, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Implications Conclusions Further Readings suggestion 9 Attachment Theory and Offending Introduction Background Attachment Insecurity and Offenders Attachment Insecurity as Violence Risk Factor Attachment and Forensic Practice Vignette 1: MBT Formulation in a Man with ASPD (See Chapter 11) Vignette 2: An Example of Unprocessed Distress and Its Impact Within an Institution Conclusion Further Reading Suggestions 10 Influences of Peer Relationships and Romantic Partners on Antisocial Behavior Introduction Theories and Mechanisms of Social Influence on Antisocial Behavior Social Learning Theory Differential Association Deviancy Training Selection Processes Peer Relationships and Offending in Youths Mechanisms of Social Influence Gang Involvement Romantic and Spousal Relationships The Role of Romantic Partners in Adolescence The Role of Marriage and Cohabitation in Adulthood Conclusion Further Readings Part II Psychopathology and Deviant Behavior 11 Antisocial Personality Disorder Introduction Diagnosis Prevalence and Co-Morbidity Aetiology Attachment and ASPD Evidence Base for Effective Treatments for ASPD Assessment of ASPD Creating a Safe Treatment Setting Engagement in Treatment Specific Treatment Approaches Conclusion and Future Directions Key Reading Suggestions 12 Borderline Personality Disorder Among Justice-Involved Populations Introduction Prevalence Pathways into the Criminal Justice System BPD and ASPD Co-occurrence Gender Differences Treatment and Management of BPD in Criminal Justice Settings Conclusions 13 Narcissistic Personality Disorder and Deviant Behavior Introduction Narcissism: From Normal to Pathological to Malignant Pathological Narcissism and Empathic Functioning Anger and Aggression in Pathological Narcissism: Pathological Narcissism and Criminal Behavior White-Collar Crime Domestic Violence Physical Aggression Sexual Violence Assessment of Pathological Narcissism Interview Instruments Treatment Considerations Conclusion Further Readings 14 Schizophrenia Spectrum, Other Psychotic Disorders and Violence Introduction Schizophrenia or Other Primary Psychotic Disorders Schizophrenia Other Primary Psychotic Disorders Definition of Violence Risk Factors for Violence in Psychosis Psychotic Symptoms Substance Abuse Comorbidity with Other Disorders Theory of Mind/Mentalization Poor Insight into Illness Treatment Conclusion Recommended Reading 15 Psychopathy Introduction Psychopathy Psychopathy and Criminal Careers Psychopathy and Homicide Psychopathy and Sexual Offending Psychopathy and Correctional Clients Conclusion Suggested Further Readings 16 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Offending Introduction Prevalence Gender Differences Diagnosing ADHD in the Criminal Justice System Comorbidity ADHD and Risk of Antisocial and Criminal Behavior Vulnerabilities of People with ADHD in the Criminal Justice System Impact of Treatment on Outcome Conclusion and Recommendations Suggested Further Reading 17 Substance Use, Abuse, and Disorder Within Forensic Psychiatry Introduction SUD and Psychiatric Co-Morbidity Different Kinds of Co-Morbid Psychiatric Diagnoses Relevant to Forensic Psychiatric Care How to Assess SUD Within Psychiatric Co-Morbid Populations How to Enhance Assessment Accuracy and Treatment Matching How to Treat SUD Within Forensic Psychiatric Populations Detection: To Recognize Who Needs Treatment General Treatment Interventions: Dual Disorder Treatment in Forensic Psychiatric Care Conclusions Further Reading 18 Offenders with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Introduction Historical Associations Between Intellectual Functioning and Offending Behaviour Prevalence and Recidivism Offenders with Autism Spectrum Disorders Therapeutic Interventions Sex Offender Attitudes and Behaviour Aggression and Violence Interventions for Firesetting Behaviour Alcohol-Related Offending Conclusions Additional Reading Part III Offending Behaviors 19 Forms and Functions of Aggression Introduction What Is Aggression? Prevalence Differential Correlates of Reactive and Proactive Aggression Regulation of Behavior, Emotion, and the Self Psychopathology Cognitive Biases Social Adjustment Brain Function Genetic Influences Assessment Summary Further Reading 20 Juvenile Offenders Introduction Psychopathology of Juvenile Offenders Assessment Treatment & Treatment Effectiveness A Role for Prevention? Future Clinical Research Needs Conclusion Further Reading 21 Adult Perpetrated Firesetting Introduction Terminology Prevalence Theoretical Explanations Characteristics of Adults Who Set Fires Clinical Features Psychopathology Psychological Characteristics Motivations Risk Factors for Reoffending Clinical Applications: Assessment and Treatment of Firesetting Conclusions Further Readings 22 Adult Male Contact Sexual Offenders: Challenges in Classification and Theoretical Perspectives Introduction Classification of Adult Male Contact Sexual Offenders Classification Based on Offense and Offender Characteristics Adult Men Who Sexually Offended Against Children Adult Men Who Sexually Offend Against Adults Classification Based on Risk Level and Dynamic Risk Factors Multifactorial Models of Adult Male Contact Sexual Offending Future Steps in Classification and Theory of Adult Male Contact Sexual Offending Conclusion Suggested Reading 23 Homicide and Mental Disorder Introduction Defining Homicide and Mental Disorders The Bigger Picture: General Homicide Rates Research Evidence on Homicide and Mental Disorders Prevalence and Incidence of Mental Disorders in Homicide Offenders Prevalence and Incidence of Mental Disorders in Homicide Victims Co-morbidity The Methodological Limitations of the Research Evidence on Homicide and Mental Disorder Homicide and Mental Disorder: A Complex Relationship Further Readings 24 Domestic Violence: Intimate Partner Violence, Child maltreatment, and Co-Occurrence Introduction Prevalence Definitions Co-occurrence Risk Factors Implications of Co-occurrence for Assessment and Treatment Further Reading Suggestions Part IV Risk Assessment and Treatment 25 Violence Risk Assessment: Research and Practice Introduction Risk Assessment in Historical Perspective Unstructured Clinical Judgment Actuarial Risk Assessment Structured Professional Judgment Strengths and weaknesses of the SPJ approach Protective Factors Base Rates Predictive Accuracy Performance Indicators Receiver Operating Characteristics Analysis Positive Predictive Value and Negative Predictive Value The Future of Risk Assessment Conclusion Further Reading Suggestions 26 Using the MMPI-3 in Forensic Psychological Assessments Introduction History and Evolution of the MMPI Instruments Description of the MMPI-3 General Psychometric Properties of the MMPI-3 Use of the MMPI-3 in Addressing Psycho-Legal Questions Competency or Fitness to Stand Trial Criminal Responsibility Risk Assessment (see Chapter 25) Civil Forensic Assessments Family Court Evaluations Conclusions and Recommendations for Future MMPI-3 Research Further Reading Suggestions 27 The Good Lives Model: A Strength-Based Approach to Rehabilitating Offenders Introduction The Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) Model Criticisms of the RNR Overview of the GLM Implications of the GLM for Practice GLM Developments Conclusions Case Study Further Reading Suggestions 28 Culpability and Accountability: The Insanity Defense Introduction The Legal Framework of Culpability and Accountability Mental Disorder Legal Criteria for Insanity in the Western World Reliability of Insanity Assessments Neuroscience and Insanity Evaluations Conclusion Further Reading Suggestions 29 Common Psychological Treatments Used to Address Criminal Behavior Introduction Treatments for People with a History of Violent Offending Treatments for Violent Offenders and Their Effectiveness Second/Third-Wave CBT Treatments Summary and Key Findings from Existing Reviews Treatment for People with a History of Sexual Offending Key Findings from Existing Reviews Treatment for Sexual Offenders and Its Effectiveness Summary Conclusion Further Readings 30 Forensic Schema Therapy and SafePath: Individual- and Milieu-Therapy Approaches for Complex Personality Disorders and Externalizing Behavior Problems Introduction Theoretical Model Empirical Support for the Forensic Schema Therapy Theoretical Model Effectiveness Studies Therapeutic Approach in Forensic Schema Therapy Case Conceptualization and Risk Assessment Course of Treatment Adaptations for Adolescents SafePath Conclusion Further Suggested Reading 31 Ethical Issues in Forensic Psychology Introduction Why Do We Need to Understand the Role of Ethics in Forensic Psychology? General Approaches to Ethics in Psychology and Mental Health Services Context and Professional Identity: What Is the Task and What Is My Role? Welfare of Evaluees and Consent to Assessment Honesty, Impartiality and Integrity of Risk Assessment Duties to Disclose and Duties to Protect Confidentiality Attention to Professional Codes Conclusion: Ethics as the Foundation for All Forensic Practice Suggested Reading Index Index