Urban Resilience: Methodologies, Tools and Evaluation: Theory and Practice

Description

This book presents a select set of papers from an international and multidisciplinary approach, outlining the vanguard in the field of methodology, tools, and evaluation of the movement towards urban resilience. Reflecting on and redesigning the guidelines that orient the planning and management of urban development has become, today, an issue of global scope and priority that demands the committed and determined participation of society. Faced with the formidable challenge of guiding our cities towards sustainability, it is necessary to develop new approaches, paradigms, models, methodologies, and tools that make it possible to assess and raise the resilience profile of urban socio-ecosystems. The experiences that are developed in this book offer a wide and diverse set of concepts, theories, methodologies, instruments, and casuistry, impregnated by resilience notion, to inspire, influence, and guide thinking and practice for architects, urban planners, government officials, businessmen, civil and research organizations. In this book, the reader will be able to review either theoretical-methodology to organize notions on urban resilience, or application cases in a variety of areas and subsystems of a city but, being all of them inevitably and intricately linked through a complex matrix of structures and interactions that determine future, well-being, and resilience of urban socio-ecosystems in the global anthropo-environment. Foreword Preface Introduction References Contents Chapter 1: Searching a Resilient City: A Study About Theoretical-Conceptual Joints Between Smart City and Urban Resilience 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Methodology 1.3 Smart City 1.4 Resilient Cities 1.5 Analysis: Conceptual Joints 1.6 Conclusions References Chapter 2: Framing ‘Resilient Cities’: System Versus Community Focused Interpretations of Urban Climate Resilience 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Urban Resilience to Climate Change 2.3 Framing Climate Change Adaptation and Urban Climate Resilience: Resilient Future of Who or What, Exactly? 2.4 Frames of Urban Resilience in the Scientific Literature 2.5 A System Resilience Frame: Climate Change as a Challenge to Urban Functioning 2.6 A Community Resilience Frame: Climate Change as a Challenge to Social Cohesion 2.7 Conclusions References Chapter 3: Townscape Catalogues Toward Urban Resilience and Sustainability 3.1 Towards Urban Planning Centered on a Landscape-Based Approach 3.1.1 Townscape Catalogues 3.1.2 The Landscape Approach 3.1.3 The Proposed Methodology 3.2 The Design of the Townscape Catalogue 3.2.1 Identification 3.2.2 Characterization 3.2.3 Assessment 3.3 Possible Derivations of This Method Towards Urban Resilience 3.4 Conclusions References Chapter 4: Building Resilient and Sustainable Cities Starting from the Urban Transport System 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Urban Challenges in Global Changes 4.2.1 City Issues Affecting Resilience 4.3 Urban Sustained Adaptability Conceptualization 4.3.1 City Assets 4.4 A Big Knowledge-Information-Data Approach 4.4.1 The Challenge of Measuring Resilience 4.5 Operationalize the City Resilience Concept: The Urban Transport System Case Study 4.5.1 Why Is the UTS Critical? 4.5.2 UTS Complexity 4.5.3 Threats Exposure 4.5.4 UTS Resilience 4.6 Work in RESOLUTE 4.6.1 Applying the KID Approach from a UTS Operator’s Perspective 4.6.2 Big Data Management and Policy Issues 4.6.3 Application Framework 4.6.4 Collaborative Resilience Assessment and Management Support System (CRAMSS) 4.6.5 Mobile Emergency App 4.6.6 Game Based Training App 4.7 Conclusions References Chapter 5: Creating a Resilient City: A Community Focused Approach in Bogota, Colombia 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 A Colombian Context 5.2 Literature Review 5.2.1 Urban Resilience 5.2.2 Individual Resilience 5.2.3 Community Resilience 5.3 Methodology 5.4 Results 5.4.1 LGBTI Centres 5.4.2 Cultural Freedom, IDARTES and a Festival 5.4.2.1 La Cumbre 5.4.2.2 Hip-Hop 5.4.2.3 March for Peace 5.5 Discussion 5.6 Conclusion References Chapter 6: Resilience and Sustainability in Urban Socioecosystems: A Conceptual Reflection 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Signs and Causes of the Problem 6.3 Socioecocentrism 6.4 Adjusting the Collaborative Framework from Socioecocentrism 6.4.1 Adjustments in the Cognitive Perspectives 6.4.2 Adjustments in Intervention Approaches 6.4.2.1 Intercultural Inclusion 6.4.2.2 Expand Stakeholder Participation 6.4.3 Adjustments at the Level of Work Dynamics 6.4.3.1 Inter and Transdisciplinary Work Dynamics 6.4.3.2 Transversal Co-responsibility of the Institutions 6.4.4 Adjustments at the Level of Models and Instruments 6.5 Epilogue References Chapter 7: System Approach to Resilience-Based Design: Political Decisions and Steps Towards Antifragility 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Resilience-Based Design 7.2.1 System Representation 7.2.2 Time Horizon of Events and Hazard Representation 7.2.3 Decisions and Data Driven Modelling 7.2.3.1 Representation of Decisions 7.2.3.2 Data Collection for Data Driven Modelling 7.3 Antifragility Challenges and Risk Assessment 7.4 Conclusions References Chapter 8: An Integrated Methodological Framework to Assess Urban Resilience 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 The Need for a New Conceptual Perspective 8.1.2 Integrated Tools to Assess Urban Resilience 8.2 Definition of Indicators. The IDIS Approach 8.2.1 Indicators as Tools for an Improved Resilience 8.2.2 The IDIS Hierarchical Approach 8.2.3 Resilience Thresholds 8.2.4 The Case of Galapagos Islands 8.3 Dynamic Simulation Models 8.3.1 The System Dynamics Approach 8.3.2 The Case of Murcia City and Its Periurban Agro-ecosystem 8.4 Vulnerability and Policy Assessment 8.4.1 Policies, Scenarios and Vulnerability 8.4.2 Assessing Policy Measures for Urban Resilience in Fuerteventura 8.5 Uncertainty Assessment 8.5.1 Uncertainty and Urban Resilience 8.5.2 Assessing Uncertainty under Policy Measures and Scenarios in Fuerteventura 8.6 Conclusions. A Framework to Support Decisions for an Improved Resilience References Chapter 9: Sustainable and Resilience Descriptors for the Xochimilco-Tláhuac Lacustrine Area at México City 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) 9.3 Xochimilco-Tláhuac Polygon (XT-P) 9.4 Method 9.5 Results 9.5.1 Natural Setting 9.5.1.1 Water 9.5.1.2 Air 9.5.1.3 Land 9.5.2 Built Setting 9.5.2.1 Transportation 9.5.2.2 Urban services 9.5.2.3 Energy 9.5.3 Economic Setting 9.5.4 Social Setting 9.5.5 Governance Setting 9.6 Concluding Remarks References Chapter 10: Eco-neighborhoods as a Way to Strengthen Urban Resilience 10.1 Introduction 10.1.1 The Sustainable Livable City 10.2 Eco-neighborhoods 10.2.1 Defining an Eco-neighborhood 10.2.2 Elements of an Eco-neighborhood 10.2.3 Objectives of Eco-neighborhoods 10.2.4 Are Current Eco-neighborhoods Really Ecological? 10.2.5 Ecobarrios Throughout the World 10.2.5.1 Viikki, Helsinki, Finland 10.2.5.2 Vauban in Freiburg, Germany 10.2.5.3 BedZED in England 10.3 Conclusions References