Mastering the 12-Lead EKG

Description

Mastering the 12-Lead EKG, Second Edition is the only book to boil down the complexity of learning EKG interpretation into an engaging and approachable tool. This resource uses a step-by-step systematic method, real-world clinical applications, and abundant practice opportunities to teach you everything you need to know to provide expert, quality care. The second edition is greatly enhanced with abundant exercises that apply and reinforce chapter concepts. With a clear, approachable writing style, the book delivers extensive opportunities for learning, taking students from the beginning of their EKG journey through mastery of the 12 lead. Woven throughout each chapter is an algorithmic method for mastering EKG interpretation that fosters retention of the content. Engaging hand-drawn illustrations will keep you engaged as you learn everything you need to know about EKGs, beginning with anatomy and physiology and closing with the latest important 12-lead EKG topics. You will have hundreds of opportunities to practice and apply your knowledge through interpreting sample EKG strips, case studies, and fill-in-the-blank questions. New to the Second Edition: Incorporates exercises that apply and reinforce chapter conceptsOffers hundreds of practice opportunities including EKG strip interpretation, case studies, and questions with detailed explanations Key Features: Conversational writing style and abundant images including EKG strips and illustrationsStep-by-step algorithmic method for interpreting 12-lead EKGsFor students with minimal or no EKG experienceReal-world examples to connect complex clinical conceptsDetailed answers with explanations of important concepts provided onlineDelivers both the breadth and depth that health care professionals need to provide quality patient care Cover Title Copyright Contents Contributors Peer Reviewer Preface About Me Got an EKG? Acknowledgment Chapter 1: Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart It’s Greek to Me The EKG The Heart The Heart’s Layers Myocardium The Coronary Arteries The Heart Valves The Heart Cycle Final Thoughts Exercises References Chapter 2: Electrical Conduction System of the Heart The Electrical Conduction System Myocardial Depolarization and Repolarization Parts of the Conduction System His-Purkinje System Final Thoughts Exercises References Chapter 3: Waves of the EKG Pep Talk Time to Mind Your PS and QS The EKG Paper Electrodes The Four Laws The Waves, Intervals, and Segments Final Thoughts Exercises Reference Chapter 4: The 12-Lead Ekg The Fog Review Introduction to the 12-Lead EKG The Limb Leads The Chest Leads Final Thoughts Exercises References Chapter 5: Heart Rate and Rhythm Introduction What is the Rate? Rhythm Is the Rhythm Regular or Irregular? At First Sight Is the QRS Narrow or Wide? Algorithm Final Thoughts Exercises References/Resources Chapter 6: Sinus Rhythms Heart Rhythms The Four Laws Sinus Rhythms Normal Sinus Rhythm Are P Waves Present? Arrhythmias Sinus Bradycardia Sinus Tachycardia Sinus Arrhythmia Systematic Approach Final Thoughts Exercises References/Resources Chapter 7: Supraventricular Arrhythmias Introduction Premature Atrial Complexes Systematic Approach Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia Av Nodal Reentry Tachycardia Paroxysmal Ectopic Atrial Tachycardia Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia and Wandering Atrial Pacemaker Systematic Approach Escape Rhythms Exercises Reference Chapter 8: Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter Atrial Fibrillation Atrial Flutter Exercises References/Resources Chapter 9: Wolff–Parkinson–White Syndrome AV Reentrant Tachycardia Atrial Fibrillation in WPW Treatment of WPW Lown–Ganong–Levine Syndrome Exercises References/Resources Chapter 10: Ventricular Arrhythmias Introduction Premature Ventricular Complexes Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia Ventricular Fibrillation Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia Ventricular Escape Rhythm Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm Exercises References/Resources Chapter 11: Atrioventricular Blocks Introduction First-Degree AVB Second-Degree AVBs 2:1 AVB High-Grade AVB Third-Degree AVB (Complete) Other Heart Blocks Electrocardiographic Polyuria Take-Home Points Exercises Chapter 12: EKGs and Pacemakers Introduction Indications Types of Pacemakers EKG of Pacemakers Pacemaker Malfunctions Treatment Exercises Chapter 13: EKG Artifacts Introduction Loose Lead Artifact Wandering Baseline Muscle Tremor Artifact Electromagnetic Interference CPR Compression Artifact/Shock Neuromodulation Artifact Arterial Pulse Tapping Effect Exercises Chapter 14: EKG Axis Interpretation Introduction Time to Kick Some Axis The Hexaxial Diagram Normal Depolarization of the Atria and Ventricles Normal Axis Abnormal Axis Calculating the Axis Exercises Reference/Resource Chapter 15: Bundle Branch Blocks Is the QRS Narrow or Wide? Normal Conduction The QRS Complex Bundle Branch Blocks Fascicular Blocks Bifascicular Blocks Exercises References/Resources Chapter 16: Ventricular Hypertrophy Hypertrophy and Dilation Atrial Enlargement Ventricular Enlargement Final Thoughts Exercises References/Resources Chapter 17: Causes of ST Elevation and Depression on the EKG ST-T Wave ST Elevation T-Wave Inversions ST Depression Exercises Reference/Resource Chapter 18: Ischemia Detection on the EKG Acute Coronary Syndrome Normal ST Segment and T Waves EKG Criteria for Myocardial Ischemia Unstable Angina and Non-ST Elevation MI Horizontal or Down-Sloping ST Depression T-Wave Inversions Location Serial EKGs Nonspecific ST-T Changes Other Findings Associated with Ischemia Final Thoughts Exercises References/Resources Chapter 19: Infarction Detection on the EKG ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Abnormal Q Waves Localization of STEMI ST Depression in V1–V3 ST Elevation in aVR De Winter’s T Waves Treatment of STEMI STEMI and Left Bundle Branch Block Final Thoughts Exercises References/Resources Chapter 20: Electrolytes, Medications, and Disease on the EKG Electrolytes Measuring the QT Interval Medications Disease Final Thoughts Exercises References/Resources Appendix: Rhythm Summary Sinus Rhythms Supraventricular Arrhythmias Ventricular Arrhythmias AV Heart Blocks Pacemakers Index