Atlas of Liquid Biopsy: Circulating Tumor Cells and Other Rare Cells in Cancer Patients’ Blood

Description

The field of “liquid biopsy” began with the analysis of CTCs in the early 2000s. In the beginning, molecular techniques were developed to detect these cells in the blood. However, it has since become clear that CTCs initially require a cytopathological analysis to be detected without false positive and negative results. After detection, molecular analysis can be subsequently performed. Cancer is an important cause of mortality, especially when detected in late stages. Even with all the advances that have been made in its treatment, cancer is still challenging, as many patients do not respond to any therapy. Many health agencies have considered early diagnosis as a feasible tool. In this context, it is of the utmost importance to know the morphology and characteristics of CTCs to determine a correct diagnosis. Currently much of the scientific community is committed to expanding our knowledge of CTCs, and this work makes a valuable contribution, presenting hundreds of cell images from patients with various types of cancer, in many different stages of disease, and after receiving various treatments. The Atlas of Liquid Biopsy: Circulating Tumor Cells and Other Rare Cells in Cancer Patients’ Blood is an essential reference guide for all physicians, biologists, biomedics, and professionals working at clinical and research laboratories, hospitals and research centers.. Foreword Contents About the Editor Contributors Chapter 1: Circulating Tumor Cells: Brief Overview of?Methods for?Detection 1.1 Brief Historic Review 1.2 Brief Overview of?CTC Capture Technologies References Chapter 2: CTCs in?Solid Tumors. Clinical Applications of?Circulating Tumor Cells in?Breast Cancer 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Micrometastasis Biomarkers in?BC 2.3 Metastatic BC 2.3.1 Clinical Validity of?CTCs in?mBC 2.4 Clinical Applicability of?CTC in?mBC 2.5 Early BC 2.5.1 CTCs as?a?Micrometastasis Marker in?Patients with?eBC Treated with?Neoadjuvant Therapy 2.5.2 CTC as?a?Micrometastasis Marker in?Patients with?eBC Treated with?Adjuvant Therapy 2.6 Conclusion References Chapter 3: Circulating Tumor Cells in?Head and?Neck Cancer 3.1 Introduction References Chapter 4: Circulating Tumor Cells in?Colorectal Cancer 4.1 Introduction 4.2 CTCs for?Colorectal Cancer Screening 4.3 CTCs for Evaluation of?Minimal Residual Disease in metastatic CCR 4.4 CTCs for Prognostic Evaluation in?Metastatic Disease 4.5 CTCs as?a?Predictive Factor in?the?Treatment of?Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer References Chapter 5: Circulating Tumor Cells in the context Non-small Cell Lung Cancer 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Expression of biomarkers in CTCs of patients with NSCLC 5.3 Circulating Tumor Cells: Source of?Early Detection and?Recurrence of?NSCLC 5.4 Identification of?the?NSCLC Molecular Profile in?CTCs References Chapter 6: Circulating Tumor Cells in?Prostate Cancer 6.1 Introduction 6.2 CTCs in?Localized Prostate Cancer 6.3 CTCs in?Advanced Prostate Cancer 6.4 CTCs as?a?Biomarker of?Treatment Resistance 6.5 Conclusion References Chapter 7: Circulating Tumor Cells in?Gastric Cancer 7.1 Introduction: Epidemiology 7.2 Treatment of?Early Disease 7.3 Treatment of?Advanced Disease 7.3.1 First-Line Treatment 7.3.2 Second and?Further Lines Treatment 7.4 CTC in?Gastric Cancer References Chapter 8: Circulating Tumor Cells in?Mesenchymal Tumors 8.1 Mesenchymal Stem Cells 8.2 Detection of?Circulating Tumor Cells of?Sarcomas 8.3 Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) 8.4 Plasticity of?Circulating Tumor Cells 8.5 Perspectives 8.6 Pictures from?Patients References Chapter 9: Circulating Tumor Microemboli: Characteristics and?Clinical Relevance 9.1 Brief History 9.2 Physiobiology and?Cell Composition of?CTM 9.3 Mechanisms of?CTM Migration 9.4 Clinical Significance of?CTM 9.5 Hypotheses/Perspectives on?CTM References Chapter 10: Circulating Endothelial Cells: Characteristics and?Clinical Relevance References Chapter 11: Giant Macrophages: Characteristics and?Clinical Relevance 11.1 Introduction 11.2 The Interplay Between Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and?Macrophages 11.2.1 Pro-Tumorigenic Function of?TAMs 11.2.2 TAMs Enhance the?Invasive Nature of?Tumor Cells 11.2.3 TAMs, Inflammation, and?the?Immune Response 11.2.4 TAMs Play an?Important Role in?Metastasis 11.3 Macrophages as?a?Therapeutic Target 11.4 TAMs as?a?Biomarker in?Oncology 11.4.1 Circulating Tumor Microemboli (CTM) 11.4.2 CTC-Macrophage Fusions References Chapter 12: In Vitro and?In?Vivo Models of?Circulating?Tumor Cells 12.1 Introduction 12.1.1 Model Organism Databases (MODs) 12.1.2 CTC-Derived Xenografts (PDXs) 12.1.3 Ex Vivo Models Derived from?CTCs 12.2 Concluding Remarks References Chapter 13: Brief Summary and Perspectives for CTCs References Index