Fundamental University Physics I Mechanics

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Fundamental University Physics I Mechanics......Page 1 Table A-2 Fundamental Constants......Page 2 Half-Title......Page 4 Title Page......Page 6 Copyright......Page 7 Foreword......Page 8 Note To The Instructor......Page 10 Note To The Student......Page 14 Contents......Page 16 Quote, Newton......Page 19 1 Introduction......Page 20 1.2 The Classical Branches of Physics......Page 21 1.3 Our View of the Universe......Page 22 1.5 The Experimental Method......Page 29 References......Page 32 2 Measurement And Units......Page 33 2.2 Measurement......Page 34 2.3 Fundamental Quantities and Units......Page 35 2.4 Density......Page 39 2.5 Plane Angles......Page 40 2.6 Solid Angles......Page 41 2.7 Precision and Accuracy......Page 42 2.8 Measurement in the Laboratory......Page 44 References......Page 45 Problems......Page 46 3 Vectors......Page 49 3.2 Concept of Direction......Page 50 3.3 Scalars and Vectors......Page 51 3.4 Addition of Vectors......Page 52 3.5 Components of a Vector......Page 55 3.6 Addition of Several Vectors......Page 59 3.7 Application to Kinematic Problems......Page 60 3.8 Scalar Product......Page 62 3.9 Vector Product......Page 65 3.10 Vector Representation of an Area......Page 68 References......Page 70 Problems......Page 71 4 Forces......Page 75 4.2 Composition of Concurrent Forces......Page 76 4.3 Torque......Page 77 4.4 Torque of Several Concurrent Forces......Page 79 4.5 Composition of Forces Applied to a Rigid Body......Page 81 4.6 Composition of Coplanar Forces......Page 82 4.7 Composition of Parallel Forces......Page 83 4.8 Center of Mass......Page 85 4.9 Statics. Equilibrium of a Particle......Page 88 4.10 Statics. Equilibrium of a Rigid Body......Page 89 References......Page 91 Problems......Page 92 Part 1 Mechanics......Page 100 5 Kinematics......Page 102 5.1 Introduction......Page 103 5.2 Rectilinear Motion: Velocity......Page 104 5.3 Rectilinear Motion: Acceleration......Page 106 5.4 Vector Representation of Velocity and Acceleration in Rectilinear Motion......Page 108 5.5 Curvlinear Motion: Velocity......Page 113 5.6 Curvlinear Motion: Acceleration......Page 115 5.7 Motion Under Constant Acceleration......Page 117 5.8 Tangential and Normal Components of Acceleration......Page 120 5.9 Circular Motion: Angular Velocity......Page 123 5.10 Circular Motion: Angular Acceleration......Page 125 5.11 Genral Curvilinear Motion in a Plane......Page 127 References......Page 128 Problems......Page 129 6 Relative Motion......Page 136 6.2 Relative Velocity......Page 137 6.3 Uniform Relative Translational Motion......Page 139 6.4 Uniform Relative Rotational Motion......Page 142 6.5 Motion Relative to the Earth......Page 144 6.6 The Lorentz Transformation......Page 152 6.7 Transformation of Velocities......Page 155 6.8 Consequences of the Lorentz Transformation......Page 159 References......Page 164 Problems......Page 165 7 Dynamics Of A Particle......Page 170 7.2 The Law of Inertia......Page 171 7.4 Principle of Conservation of Momentum......Page 173 7.5 Redefinition of Mass......Page 177 7.6 Newton's Second and Third Laws; Concept of Force......Page 178 7.7 Critique of the Concept of Force......Page 180 7.8 Units of Force......Page 181 7.9 Frictional Forces......Page 184 7.10 Frictional Forces in Fluids......Page 187 7.11 Systems with Variable Mass......Page 190 7.12 Curvilinear Motion......Page 192 7.13 Angular Momentum......Page 197 7.14 Central Forces......Page 199 7.15 Equilibrium and Rest......Page 203 References......Page 204 Problems......Page 205 8 Work And Energy......Page 214 8.1 Introduction......Page 215 8.2 Work......Page 216 8.4 Units of Work and Power......Page 219 8.5 Kinetic Energy......Page 222 8.6 Work of a Force Constant in Magnitude and Direction......Page 224 8.7 Potential Energy......Page 226 8.8 Conservation of Energy of a Particle......Page 231 8.9 Rectilinear Motion under Conservative Forces......Page 233 8.10 Motion under Conservative Central Forces......Page 234 8.11 Discussion of Potential Energy Curves......Page 236 8.12 Nonconservative Forces......Page 240 8.13 The Viral Theorem for a Single Particle......Page 243 8.14 Critique of the Concept of Energy......Page 244 Problems......Page 245 9 Dynamics Of A System Of Particles......Page 251 9.2 Motion of the Center of Mass of a System of Partiicles......Page 252 9.3 Reduced Mass......Page 258 9.4 Angular Momentum of a System of Particles......Page 261 9.5 Kinetic Energy of a System of Particles......Page 266 9.6 Conservation of Energy of a System of Particles......Page 267 9.7 Collisions......Page 272 9.8 Many-Particle Systems: Temperature......Page 278 9.9 Many-Particle Systems: Work......Page 280 9.10 Many-Particle Systems: Heat......Page 282 9.11 Reformulation of the Principle of Conservation of Energy for Many-Particle Systems......Page 283 9.12 The Viral Theorem for Many-Particles......Page 284 9.13 Equation of State of a Gas......Page 286 9.14 Fluid Motion......Page 290 References......Page 294 Problems......Page 295 10 Dynamics Of A Rigid Body......Page 304 10.1 Introduction......Page 305 10.2 Angular Momentum of a Rigid Body......Page 306 10.3 Calculation of the Moment of Inertia......Page 309 10.4 Equation of Motion for Rotation of a Rigid Body......Page 313 10.5 Kinetic Energy of Rotation......Page 319 10.6 Gyroscopic Motion......Page 322 Problems......Page 328 11 High-Energy Dynamics......Page 335 11.2 Classical Principle of Relativity......Page 336 11.3 Special Principle of Relativity......Page 338 11.4 Momentum......Page 339 11.5 Force......Page 341 11.6 Energy......Page 344 11.7 Transformation of Energy and Momentum......Page 349 11.8 Transformation of Forces......Page 351 11.9 Systems of Particles......Page 353 11.10 High-Energy Collisions......Page 355 References......Page 359 Problems......Page 360 12 Oscillatory Motion......Page 365 12.2 Kinematics of Simple Harmonic Motion......Page 366 12.3 Force and Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion......Page 370 12.4 Dynamics of Simple Harmonic Motion......Page 371 12.5 The Simple Pendulum......Page 373 12.6 Compound Pendulum......Page 376 12.7 Superposition of Two SHM: Same Direction, Same Frequency......Page 378 12.8 Superposition of Two SHM: Same Direction, Different Frequency......Page 381 12.9 Superposition of Two SHM: Perpendicular Directions......Page 382 12.10 Coupled Oscillators......Page 386 12.11 Anharmonic Oscillations......Page 391 12.12 Damped Oscillations......Page 393 12.13 Forced Oscillations......Page 395 12.14 Impedance of an Oscillator......Page 399 12.15 Fourier Analysis of Periodic Motion......Page 401 References......Page 404 Problems......Page 405 A. Gravitation......Page 412 13 Gravitational Interaction......Page 414 13.1 Introduction......Page 415 13.2 The Law of Gravitation......Page 417 13.3 Inertial and Gravitational Mass......Page 420 13.4 Gravitational Potential Energy......Page 421 13.5 General Motion Under Gravitational Interaction......Page 427 13.6 Gravitational Field......Page 432 13.7 Gravitational Field Due to a Spherical Body......Page 438 13.8 Principle of Equivalence......Page 443 13.9 Gravitation and Intermolecular Forces......Page 445 References......Page 446 Problems......Page 447 Appendix: Mathematical Relations And Tables Answers To Odd-Numbered Problems Index......Page 456 Mathematical Relations......Page 458 Answers To Odd-Numbered Problems......Page 468 Index......Page 477 Table A-3 Units and Symbols......Page 485 Table A-4 Conversion Factors......Page 486 Back Cover......Page 487