The Politics of Recall Elections

Description

Foreword Acknowledgements Contents Notes on Contributors List of Figures List of Tables Chapter 1: The Politics of Recall Elections 1.1 Structure of the Volume References Chapter 2: Recall: Democratic Advance, Safety Valve or Risky Adventure? 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Diffusion: Why and How Recall Has Been Introduced? 2.3 Institutional Design and the Incidence of Recall Activation 2.4 Varied Outcomes Turnout, Scale and Strategic Adaptation 2.5 Representative Democracy and Recall 2.6 For or Against Recall? References Chapter 3: The Political Theory of the Recall. A Study in the History of the Ideas 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Early History of the Recall 3.3 The Recall in the United States 3.4 Marx and the Recall in Europe 3.5 Lenin and the Recall 3.6 Gramsci, Luxemburg and Other Socialist Advocates of the Recall 3.7 Conclusion References Legal Cases: Chapter 4: The Recall in France: A long standing and unresolved debate 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The History of the Demand for Recall Elections in France The Framing of the Demand: Imperative Mandate during the French Revolution (1789–1793) A Timid Progression in Times of Revolutionary Ideals (1848–1871) The Implantation of Political Unaccountability (1875–1958) 4.3 Removing Elected Officials Before Completion of Their Term in France The President’s Right to Dissolve the National Assembly The Parliamentary Right to Remove the President 4.4 The Yellow Vests Movement and the Return of Recall to the Political Agenda The Political Context: Rising Demands for Political Accountability The Yellow Vests Movement and Its Proposals for Institutional Reform in France Everything but Citizen I&R: The Reception of the Demand 4.5 Is There a Future for Recall Procedures in France? A Large but Fragile Support for Recall Procedures in French Political Opinion What Might a French Recall Mechanism Look Like? 4.6 Conclusion References Chapter 5: Recall Elections in the US: Its Long Past and Uncertain Future 5.1 Introduction 5.2 US’s Long Flirtation with the Recall 5.3 The Comeback of the Recall and Its Current Use Is the Recall Designed for Political Use or to Punish Malfeasance? Partisan Breakdown of Recalls Special Elections Versus General Elections 5.4 Recalls of Judges 5.5 Potential of Technological Changes Responsible for the Growth of the Recall 5.6 Barriers for the Expansion of the Recall 5.7 Conclusion References Chapter 6: Recall in Japan as a Measure of Vertical Accountability 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Theoretical Framework and Working Hypotheses 6.3 Recall Regulations in Japan Recall of the Municipal Assembly, Individual Assembly Members and the Mayor Recall of Public Servants Audit Request 6.4 Japan as a Case of Imbalanced Accountability 6.5 Prominent Recall Cases Town of Maki (1996) The City of Akune (2010) The City of Nagoya (2011) 6.6 The Japanese Recall Experience in Numbers Overview of Recall Attempts, Votes and Successful Outcomes Development Over Time Recalls as a Contribution to Democratisation Recalls Against Mergers and Other Policy Measures 6.7 Conclusions References Sources and Government Reports Chapter 7: Explaining Institutional Change Towards Recall in Germany 7.1 Introduction 7.2 An Analytic Framework for Institutional Change Towards Recall Actors’ Interests and Ideologies Institutional Context Policy-Learning 7.3 Institutional Designs of Recall in German Federal States 7.4 The Introduction of Direct Recall in the 1990s Saxony Brandenburg Schleswig-Holstein Later Institutional Changes Towards Direct Recall in Germany 7.5 Discussion 7.6 Conclusion References Chapter 8: Recall Practices in Central and Eastern Europe: From Citizen Accountability to Partisan Account Settling 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Why Could a Mayor Be Recalled? 8.3 Who Is Entitled to Recall a Mayor? 8.4 Citizens’ Empowerment, or a Tool for Settling Political Accounts? 8.5 When a Mayoral Recall Bid Becomes a Geopolitical Contest: The Case of Chișinău 8.6 Conclusions References Chapter 9: The Recall Revival and Its Mixed Implications for Democracy: Evidence from Latin America 9.1 Introduction 9.2 The Legal Provisions: Explaining Institutional Change The Spread of Recall in the Andes Recall in Federal Countries: Argentina and Mexico 9.3 Evaluating Practices Diversity Within a Country: Bolivia and Colombia The Mexican Recall and Popular Consultation Law (2019) 9.4 Discursive Context and Political Institutionalization 9.5 Discussion References Chapter 10: Reselection and Deselection in the Political Party 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Partisanship and Recall 10.3 Mandatory Reselection, and Deselection 10.4 Constituency and Responsibility 10.5 Incentives and Efficiency 10.6 Conclusion References Chapter 11: Narratives of Executive Downfall: Recall, Impeachment, or Coup? 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Getting Rid of the Chief Executive 11.3 Vertical and Symmetric Procedures 11.4 Asymmetric Procedures 11.5 Narratives of Downfall 11.6 Judging Asymmetric Procedures Legality Fairness Due Process 11.7 From Narratives to Standards References Chapter 12: On Reconciling Recall with Representation 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Background 12.3 The Theory of Representation 12.4 The Still Limited Reach of Representative Government 12.5 Current Recall Experiences Healing Effects? Buyer’s Remorse Losers’ Consent 12.6 Recall and Representative Government—or “Caesaristic Democracy”? References Index