Photonic Crystal and Its Applications for Next Generation Systems

Description

This book covers the advanced fabrication techniques, challenges, and applications of photonic crystals for next-generation systems in various applications such as high-speed networks, photonic integrated circuits, health care, sensors, energy, and environmental. This book highlights the literature and works put forward by various scientists, researchers, and academicians in photonic crystals and their real-time applications. The content of the book appeals to readers such as students, researchers, and industrial engineers who are working in the design and development of photonics-based concepts, components, and devices for various applications. Preface Acknowledgements Contents About the Editors 1 Hot Atomic Vapor for Photonic Crystal-Based Optical Components Introduction Tamm Plasmon in 1D-Photonic Crystal Bloch Surface Waves in 1D-Photonic Crystals References 2 Highly Efficient Graphene-Based Optical Components for Networking Applications Graphene Graphene-Based Optical Switches Plasmonic Decoder Plasmonic Encoder References 3 A Nonlinear Optical Benzil Single Crystal for Photonic Applications Introduction Brief Research History of Photonic Crystal Fundamental Principles of Photonic Crystal Fabrication of Photonic Crystals Photonic Crystal Optical Devices Photonic Benzil Single Crystal Experimental Procedure Growth of Benzil Crystal Results and Discussion UV–Vis Spectral Studies FTIR Spectral Analysis Dielectric Studies Hardness Study Etching Studies Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Thermal Studies Conclusion References 4 Highly Efficient Materials for Photonic Crystal-Based Optical Components General Introduction Optical Properties of Photonic Crystals Reflectance Absorptance Transmittance Types of Photonic Crystals One-Dimensional PhCs Two-Dimensional PhCs Three-Dimensional PhCs Applications of PhCs PhC-based Optical Components Waveguides Multichannel Filters Logic Gates Sensors Lab-On-Chip Devices Summary and Future Prospective References 5 Fabrication of Unidirectional Grown 1, 3, 5-Triphenylbenzene Single Crystal for Nonlinear Optical and Fast Neutron Detector Applications Introduction Organic Molecules for NLO Applications Organic Molecules for Scintillators Properties of Scintillator Materials Importance of the Scintillation Crystals Experimental Details Crystal Growth Z-Scan Technique TNLO Property Result and Discussions Third Harmonic Generation Laser Damage Threshold (LDT) Gamma Energy Calibration Time Resolution of TPB Detector Fast Neutron Detection Conclusion References 6 Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal-Based Filters Review Introduction Photonic Crystals in Nature Photonic Crystal-Based Filters Optical Filter Classification Add–Drop Filters Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Add–drop Filter Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing Add–Drop Filter Pcrr-Based Optical Add–Drop Filter Circular-Shaped Add–Drop Filter Multi-channel Tunable Filter Wavelength Filter with Dual Ring Conclusion References 7 Photonic Crystal-Based 2D Demultiplexer for DWDM Systems Introduction Literature Review Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator Mechanism-Based DWDM Demultiplexer Photonic Crystal Resonant Cavity (Line/Point Defects) Mechanism-Based DWDM Demultiplexer Fabrication Steps of Air Holes Structure Limitation of Existing Work and Future Enhancement Conclusion References 8 Investigation of Ultra-Small and Efficient Encoders and Decoders for High-Speed Optical Communication Systems Introduction Introduction of Photonic Crystal and Its Classification Photonic Band Diagram Numerical Methods Functional Parameters Photonic Crystal-Based Encoder Photonic Crystal-Based Decoder Conclusion References 9 Photonic Crystal Fibers for Sensing Applications Fundamentals of Photonic Crystal Fibers Refractive Index Measurements Gas Sensors Fluorescence-Based Sensors Glucose Detection Conclusions References 10 Photonic Crystal Biosensors for Healthcare and Pathologic Diagnostic Application Introduction The Photonic Crystal Structure for Sensor and Biosensor Applications Sensing Mechanism of Photonic Crystal in Sensors and Biosensors Significant Parameters and Structure of Photonic Crystal in Sensors and Biosensors Sensitivity of Photonic Crystal Sensor Quality Factor Limit of Detection Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) Free Spectral Range (FSR) Biosensor Application of Photonic Crystal Photonic Crystal Biosensor for Detection of Nucleic Acids and Protein Photonic Crystal Biosensor for Detection of Cancer Cell Conclusion References 11 High-Frequency Photonic Crystal-Based Terahertz Antenna for Medical Applications Introduction Microstrip Patch Antenna Techniques for Feeding Coaxial Probe Feed Line Feed Microstrip Feed with Aperture Proximity-Coupled Feed Different Substrates Antenna in Medical World Procedure Evaluation of Extent (H) of the Patch Evaluation of Width (W) of the Patch Evaluation of the Effective Dielectric Constant ( εeff ) Evaluation of the Effective Length of the Patch (Leff) Evaluation of the Length Extension ( ΔL ) Evaluation of the Actual Length (L) of the Patch Dimensions of the Ground Plane Are Calculation Feed Point Evaluation Photonic Crystal Structure Proposed Structure Optimization of the Substrate Height “h” Return Loss Vswr Directivity Gain Comparison of Proposed Work with Existing Results Conclusion References 12 Role of Photonics in Energy Crisis Introduction Electrification Through Photovoltaics Antireflective Surfaces Made with Photonic Crystals Optical Crystal Surfaces with Omnidirectional Antireflection Solar Cell Systems Based on Plasmonic Nanostructures Geometrical Effects of Particles and Their Surroundings Excitation of Excitons by Light Absorption Photocurrent Generation in PSCs Participating Producers Will Consent to Utilize the Label and Adhere to the Rules Energy-Efficient Photonic Systems Using Green Photonic Silicon Photonics Fiber Lasers Education in Optics Light Pollution Simple Light Pollution Solutions Artificial Photosynthesis Global Energy Crisis References