Through the Lens of Anthropology: An Introduction to Human Evolution and Culture

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Cover Half Title Title Copyright Dedication Contents List of Illustrations List of Boxes Acknowledgments About the Authors Preface Note to Instructors Note to Students CHAPTER 1 Introduction: Viewing the World through the Lens of Anthropology LEARNING OBJECTIVES Introduction Defining Anthropology, Defining Human, and Defining Culture The Four Fields and Applied Anthropology The Anthropological Perspective History of Anthropology, Mostly in North America Anthropology, Colonialism, and Decolonization Situating Anthropology The Importance of Anthropology in an Increasingly Connected World SUMMARY REVIEW QUESTIONS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS CHAPTER 2 We Are Primates: The Primate Background LEARNING OBJECTIVES Introduction Primate Taxonomy Primate Evolution Primate Behavior Primates in Crisis: Ecological Stability and Critical Thinking SUMMARY REVIEW QUESTIONS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS CHAPTER 3 Evolutionary Thought and Theory LEARNING OBJECTIVES Introduction The Nature of Science History of Evolutionary Thought and Theory Modern Evolutionary Theory SUMMARY REVIEW QUESTIONS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS CHAPTER 4 Human Biological Evolution LEARNING OBJECTIVES Introduction Palaeoanthropology—Methods, Concepts, and Issues Defining Hominins Becoming Bipedal The First Hominins The Genus Homo Summary of Trends in Human Biological Evolution The Concept of Race SUMMARY REVIEW QUESTIONS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS CHAPTER 5 Cultural Diversity from 2.5 Million to 20,000 Years Ago LEARNING OBJECTIVES Introduction The Archaeological Record Problems of Archaeological Visibility, Bias, and Loaded Language Overview of Cultural Change to 20,000 Years Ago Expanding Territories SUMMARY REVIEW QUESTIONS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS CHAPTER 6 Cultural Diversity from 20,000 to 5,000 Years Ago LEARNING OBJECTIVES Introduction Principal Cultural Periods Archaeology of North America from 20,000 to 5,000 Years Ago The Transition to Food Production Settlement and Technology Changes in Social and Political Systems Civilizations, Writing, and Art SUMMARY REVIEW QUESTIONS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS CHAPTER 7 Archaeology of the Last 5,000 Years LEARNING OBJECTIVES Introduction Ancient Civilizations Population Estimates, Continued Colonization, and Maintaining Diversity The Last 5,000 Years in North America Archaeology of Recent Times, Excluding Civilizations World Heritage Archaeology of the Contemporary World Pseudoarchaeology SUMMARY REVIEW QUESTIONS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS CHAPTER 8 Studying Culture LEARNING OBJECTIVES Introduction The Culture Concept Race and Ethnicity Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Cultural Adaptation and Maladaptation The Functions of Culture Fieldwork Methods and Ethics Applied Anthropology SUMMARY REVIEW QUESTIONS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS CHAPTER 9 Language and Culture LEARNING OBJECTIVES Introduction Language and Communication: Signs and Symbols Language Origins Studying Language through the Lens of Anthropology Nonverbal Communication Ethnolinguistics Language in the Digital Age Language Change and Loss SUMMARY REVIEW QUESTIONS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS CHAPTER 10 Food-Getting and Economics LEARNING OBJECTIVES Introduction Adaptive Strategies: Food Foragers and Food Producers Food Foragers Economic Resources: Who Gets What and How? Food Producers The Human Diet SUMMARY REVIEW QUESTIONS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS CHAPTER 11 Marriage, Family, and Gender LEARNING OBJECTIVES Introduction Marriage Spouses: How Many and Who Is Eligible? Family Residence Patterns Marriage as Economic Exchange Kinship Gender Roles: Patterned by Culture Sexual Identity SUMMARY REVIEW QUESTIONS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS CHAPTER 12 Political Organization LEARNING OBJECTIVES Introduction Power, Authority, and Prestige Social Controls and Conflict Resolution Types of Political Organization Social Inequality Violence and War SUMMARY REVIEW QUESTIONS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS CHAPTER 13 Supernaturalism LEARNING OBJECTIVES Introduction Defining Religion Sacred Roles Religious Practitioners Religious Resistance Supernatural Beliefs and Cultural Expression SUMMARY REVIEW QUESTIONS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS CHAPTER 14 Anthropology and Sustainability LEARNING OBJECTIVES Introduction History of Human-Environmental Relations Defining Sustainability Anthropological Approaches to Sustainability Studies Issues in Sustainability Studies How Can Anthropologists Help? SUMMARY REVIEW QUESTIONS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Glossary References Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z