The GLMA Handbook on LGBT Health [2 volumes]

Description

Recent years have seen a flood of high quality research related to the health of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender individuals and families. The GLMA Handbook on LGBT Health is the first comprehensive resource to gather that knowledge in one place in the service of vital information needs. Both accurate and easy to understand, the two-volume handbook addresses physical, mental, and emotional health, as well as policy decisions affecting the LGBT community from youth through old age. Volume One is devoted to overall health of the population and preventive care, while Volume Two examines disease management. Entries discuss concerns as diverse as HIV/AIDS, substance abuse, domestic violence, depression, heart health, policy and advocacy, and research. The clear but detailed articles in this groundbreaking work will help readers cut through the noise and controversy surrounding scientific advances to make informed choices about their health and well-being. Cover About the pagination of this eBook Volume 1 Title Copyright Contents Foreword References Acknowledgments Chapter 1: The Politics of LGBT Health A Short History of Early LGBT Health Activism Policy Paradigms in LGBT Health The Disparities Paradigm The Health in All Policies Paradigm: Social Determinants And Health Equity An Overview of Federal Lgbt Health Policy Between 2009 and 2016 Data Collection about LGBT Population Health Legislative Approaches to LGBT Health The Affordable Care Act Policies and Programs at the Federal Department of Health and Human Services LGBT Federal Health Policy After 2016 Notes References Chapter 2: Interactions between Culture, Race, and Sexuality in Health Conceptualizing LGBT Health: The Role of Race and Culture Religion/spirituality and LGBT Health Intersectionality: A Promising Paradigm for True LGBT Health Moving Beyond Hiv and Sexual Health: Considerations of Race and Culture Conclusion References Chapter 3: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Public Health and Epidemiology Why LGBT Public Health? The Social Construction of Sexual Orientation and Gender A Brief History of LGBT Public Health Conceptual Approaches to Understanding Health and Health Disparities Health Disparities Health Concerns That Differ from Those of Other Populations Discussion and Future Challenges References Chapter 4: Transgender Medical Care in the United States: A Historical Perspective A Comment on Terminology Trans-Competent and Affirming Health Care Environments Preventive Health in Trans Populations Mental Health as Preventive Health Society’s Effect on Transgender Mental Health Mental Health Disparities Resilience Discrimination in Healthcare Settings Gender Dysphoria as a Diagnosis To Diagnose or Not to Diagnose? World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) Mental Health Recommendations for Hormonal and Surgical Transition Transition-Related Medical Care Basic Hormone Physiology Feminizing Regimens Masculinizing Regimens Hormone Blood Levels Bioidentical Hormones Genderqueer and Other Gender Nonconforming/Nonbinary Persons Long-Term Considerations in Hormone Therapy Issues Relating to Medication Administration Miscellaneous Conditions of Interest Sexual Health Other Nonsurgical Transition-Related Treatments History of Transgender Surgery The Choice to Undergo Gender-Confirmation Surgery GCS and the WPATH Standards of Care Preoperative Requirements Transfeminine Spectrum Surgery Options Transmasculine Spectrum Surgery Options Surgical Aftercare Gender-Confirmation Surgery for the Gender-Nonconforming Individual References Chapter 5: Exploring the Health Issues of LGBT Adolescents Who Are LGBT Adolescents? Historical Perspectives Health Issues and Concerns Violence/Bullying Smoking Alcohol Sexual Health and STIs Eating Disorders and Weight Management Homelessness Mental Illness Provider Relationship Policy Issues Affecting LGBT Adolescents Anti-Bullying Policy Transgender Identity Policy Summary References Chapter 6: The Health of LGBT Elders Background Demographics and Socioeconomic Status Minority Stress, Sexual Stigma and Prejudice, and Their Effects Challenges for LGBT Elders Concealment Versus “Coming Out” Social Support and Family Structure Housing, Home Care, and Long-Term Care Provider-Related Barriers to Care Health Disparities Specific Health Care Needs for LGBT Older Adults Health Care Needs for Older Lesbian and Bisexual Women Health Care Needs for Older Gay and Bisexual Men Health Care Needs for Older Transgender Women and Men HIV in Older Adults Mental Health and Exposure to Violence Policy Issues Affecting LGBT Older Adults Unequal Treatment Under Laws, Programs, and Services Medical Decision Making and Visitation Advance Care Planning Future Policy Issues and New Resources for LGBT Older Adults Summary References Chapter 7: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Parents Family Relationships Parent-Child Bonds Children of Gay Men Children of Lesbian Women Children of Bisexual Men and Bisexual Women Children of Transgender Individuals Influence of Culture on LGBT Families Policies That Impact LGBT Families Implications for Practice Conclusions Resources References Chapter 8: Preventive Health for Gay, Bisexual, and Queer Men Gay and Bisexual Men: A Population of Special Needs and Risks Sexual Health: Screening and Preventing Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV Primary Prevention: Reducing Risk of Disease Transmission Secondary Prevention: Screening Injury Prevention And Violence Tobacco Use Alcohol and Substance Use Infection Prevention and Vaccination Cancer Prevention and Screening Cardiovascular Risk Reduction and Screening Mental Health Basics Conclusion References Chapter 9: Sexual Health for Women Attraction Sexual Anatomy and Physiology The Brain Breasts Erogenous Zones The Clitoris The Vagina The Anus Sexual Response Orgasm Body Image Finding Partners Intimate Partner Violence Sexual Practices External Genital Stimulation Oral Sex Penetration Sex Toys BDSM/Kink/Water Sports Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Transmission Pregnancy Pathways to Pregnancy Sex during Pregnancy Breastfeeding Menopause Symptoms Symptom Management Libido Substance Use and Sex Alcohol Club Drugs Prescription Medications Antidepressants Blood Pressure Medications Contraceptives A Symptom-Based Approach to Sexual Health Concerns Mouth and Throat Bladder and Urinary Tract Vulva, Vagina, Cervix Anus and Rectum Breasts Total Body Symptoms Conclusion References Chapter 10: Sexual Health for Men Community, Attraction, and Sexual Roles Sexual Anatomy and Physiology The Brain Erogenous Zones The Penis The Testicles The Anus and Prostate Sexual Response Finding Partners Monogamy and Nonmonogamy Sexual Practices Masturbation, Mutual Masturbation, and Frottage Oral Sex Anal Sex Analingus, aka Rimming Sex Toys Fisting Urophilia, aka “Water Sports” BDSM and Kink Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Transmission Barrier Methods PEP and PrEP “What Are My Chances?” Substance Use and Sex Alcohol Cocaine Crystal Meth Poppers Ecstasy Prescription Medications Antidepressants Blood Pressure Medications Erectile Dysfunction Medications A Symptom-Based Approach to Sexual Health Concerns Mouth and Throat Penis Anus and Rectum Testicles Nipples Total Body Symptoms Conclusion References About the Editors and Contributors Index Volume 2 Title Copyright Contents Foreword References Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Mood and Anxiety Disorders Mood Disorders Mood Disorders and LGBT Populations Symptoms and Course of Depression Symptoms and Course of Bipolar Brief Overview of Other Mood Disorders Anxiety Disorders Understanding the Common Anxiety Disorders Recognizing the Less Common Anxiety Disorders Anxiety Disorders in LGBT Populations Treating Mood and Anxiety Disorders Treatment Settings Treatment Settings for LGBT Populations Psychotherapies for Mood and Anxiety Disorders Medications for Mood and Anxiety Disorders Finding Treatment for Mood and Anxiety Disorders Conclusion References Chapter 2: Eating Disorders Eating Disorders and LGBT Populations Diagnosis and Clinical Features Anorexia Nervosa (AN) Bulimia Nervosa (BN) Binge-Eating Disorder (BED) Eating Disorder NOS (EDNOS) Pathogenesis Genetic Neurobiological Findings Psychological Epidemiology and Distribution Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Eating Disorder NOS Distribution of Eating Disorders Risk Factors Course and Medical Complications Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Binge-Eating Disorder and Eating Disorder NOS Treatment Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Binge Eating Disorder and Eating Disorder NOS References Chapter 3: Substance Use and Abuse among LGBT Populations Overview of Substance Use Disorders in the LGBT Population Terminology Epidemiology of Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders in LGBT Populations Risk Factors for Substance Use in the LGBT Population Psychosocial Determinants of Mental Health Minority Stress Resiliency Intersectionality, LGBT Populations, and Substance Use Disorders: Co-Occurring Psychiatric, Medical, and Substance Use Disorders Treatment of Substance Use Disorders in LGBT Populations Treatment Principles Medication-Assisted Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Psychosocial Treatment of Substance Use Disorders References Chapter 4: Sexually Transmitted Infections and LGBT Populations Introduction Human Immunodeficiency Virus Hepatitis Hepatitis A (HAV) Hepatitis B (HBV) Hepatitis C (HCV) Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Syphilis Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Human Papillomavirus Conclusions References Chapter 5: Cancer in Sexual Minority Women Defining Cancer Survivorship Phase 1: Acute Cancer Survivorship Breast Cancer Lung Cancer Colorectal Cancer Gynecological Cancers Other Cancers Incidence of Cancer in Sexual Minority Women Diagnosis and Follow-Up Treatment of Cancer Palliative Care During and After Cancer Treatment Interactions with the Health Care System and Sexual Minority Status Phase 2: Extended Survival Physical Health and Functioning Psychosocial Health and Functioning Social Support and Survivorship Affect/Mood and Survivorship Perceived Stress and Survivorship Minority Stress, Sexual Minority Women, and Survivorship Discrimination and Survivorship Coming Out and Survivorship Phase 3: Permanent Survivorship Years since Diagnosis and Survivorship End-of-life Care for Women Dying of Cancer Key Areas of Future Research Concluding Statements References Chapter 6: Cancer in Men and Transgender Women Specific Concerns Diagnosis Coming out with Cancer Differential Effects of and Attitudes Toward Treatment Choices for Gay Men Toward A Better Outcome and Quality of Life Meeting the Professional Care Providers What Health Care Professionals Need to Know Issues Concerning Bisexual and Transgender Women Cancer Survivors The LGBT Community, Family and Friends Participating in Advocacy Final Thoughts References Chapter 7: Tobacco Use in LGBT Populations LGBT Tobacco Prevalence Other Tobacco Products LGBT People of Color Gay/Bisexual Men versus Lesbian/Bisexual Women Bisexuals Men Who Have Sex with Men and HIV Transgender People Initiation and Prevention Stress Seeking Community Social Environment Tobacco Industry Targeting Project SCUM Case Study in Targeting Tailored Advertising Civil Rights and Companies That Care “How They Get Us to Screw Ourselves” Recent Targeting Countermarketing Community Response Lack of Awareness Hinders Response Grassroots Advocates Lead Community Response Tobacco Opens Closed Doors Treatment LGBT-Tailored Tobacco Cessation Groups Quitlines Provider Intervention Educational Campaigns Smokefree Air Trends in Mainstream Tobacco Control Best Practices Conclusion References Chapter 8: Intimate Partner Violence in LGBTQ Relationships Troubling Language Prevalence and Silence Forms of Violence What Is Abuse? Relationship Dynamics Social Context of Relationship Violence Context of Homophobia/Heterosexism/Transphobia Context of First Relationships Context of Bisexuality Context of Social Isolation/Immigration Context of HIV/AIDS Context of Transitioning/Transphobia Context of Alcohol and Drug Use Context of Normalization of Violence Context of Multiple Oppressions (Racism, Classism, and Violence) Responding to Intimate Partner Violence in the Lives of LGBTQ People Examples of Innovative Approaches Conclusion References Chapter 9: Cardiovascular Health and the LGBT Community Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease Tobacco Use Obesity Hypertension Diabetes Mellitus and Lipid Disorders Sexually Transmitted Infections and the Cardiovascular System Drug Effects on the Cardiovascular System Cocaine Methamphetamine Cardiovascular Health and Transgender Patients Recommendations for Cardiovascular Evaluation of Transgender Patients Summary References Chapter 10: When a Welcoming Health Care Environment Matters Most Making It Safe to Disclose Before Accessing Health Care Patient Registration Process The Clinical Encounter The Health History The Physical Examination Screenings and Diagnostic Testing Referrals Patient Satisfaction Health Outcomes Finding A Provider Conclusion References Chapter 11: LGBT Health beyond North America Laws and Policies from Antiquity Through Present Day LGBT Health Mental Health Physical Health LGBT Health, Laws, and Policies Across the Globe Africa Asia Australia Europe Islamic States North America South America Recommendations Resources Conclusions References About the Editors and Contributors Index