Kinetics of Evaporation

Description

This monograph discusses the essential principles of the evaporation process by looking at it at the molecular and atomic level. In the first part methods of statistical physics, physical kinetics and numerical modeling are outlined including the Maxwell’s distribution function, the Boltzmann kinetic equation, the Vlasov approach, and the CUDA technique. The distribution functions of evaporating particles are then defined. Experimental results on the evaporation coefficient and the temperature jump on the evaporation surface are critically reviewed and compared to the theory and numerical results presented in previous chapters. The book ends with a chapter devoted to evaporation in different processes, such as boiling and cavitation. This monograph addresses graduate students and researchers working on phase transitions and related fields.  Read more... Intro Preface Contents 1 "Liquid-Vapor" Phase Transition 1.1 Evaporation and Condensation 1.1.1 Phases and Transitions 1.1.2 Units 1.1.3 Evaporation Perennially 1.1.4 This Book Is Not About Condensation 1.1.5 Evapotranspiration 1.1.6 A Droplet on a Candent Surface 1.2 What Can We Obtain from Thermodynamics? 1.2.1 Basic Principles of Thermodynamics 1.2.2 Phase Equilibrium 1.2.3 The Nucleation of a New Phase 1.2.4 The Evaporation Temperature 1.2.5 Magic Bird 1.2.6 Thermodynamic Diagrams 1.3 What Can We Obtain from Hydrodynamics? 1.3.1 Navier-Stokes Equations 1.3.2 Conditions on an Interfacial Surface1.3.3 Movement of the Interfacial Boundary 1.3.4 Dynamics Near the Evaporation Surface 1.4 Boundary Conditions 1.4.1 Boundary Conditions for Hydrodynamics 1.4.2 Boundary Conditions for Kinetics 1.5 Conclusion References 2 The Statistical Approach 2.1 From Mechanics to Probability 2.1.1 From Mechanics … 2.1.2 … Through a Chaos … 2.1.3 … to Probability 2.1.4 Irreversibility Versus Unidirectionality 2.1.5 "Tomorrow It Will Be Raining with 77% Probability" 2.2 Distribution Function 2.2.1 Probability Density Function 2.2.2 Special Probability Functions2.2.3 Poisson and Gauss 2.2.4 Spatial Scales 2.2.5 Example: The Debye Radius 2.2.6 Distribution of Potential Energy 2.2.7 The Statistical Approach 2.2.8 The Principle of the Maximal Entropy 2.2.9 The Virial Theorem 2.3 The Maxwell Distribution Function 2.3.1 Physical Models 2.3.2 The Maxwellian of Maxwell 2.3.3 Modern View on Maxwellian 2.3.4 The Maxwellians for 2D and 3D Cases 2.3.5 The Maxwellian Distribution Function of Kinetic Energy 2.3.6 The Meaning of the Maxwellian Distribution Function 2.4 Conclusion References Recommended Literatures3 The Kinetic Approach 3.1 Dynamics of Probability 3.1.1 Kinetic Equations 3.1.2 The Liouville Theorem 3.2 The Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon Chain 3.2.1 Kinetic Equations 3.3 The Boltzmann Kinetic Equation 3.3.1 Derivation from the BBGKY Chain 3.3.2 The Differentiability 3.3.3 Spatial Scales for the Distribution Function 3.3.4 Temporal Scale for the Distribution Function 3.4 The Vlasov Approach: No Collisions 3.4.1 Collisionless 3.4.2 The Hamiltonian of the Macrosystem 3.4.3 Crystallization 3.4.4 Limitations of the Vlasov Approach 3.5 The Kinetic Equation for Practical Purposes3.5.1 The Split Decision 3.5.2 Interactions at Intermediate Scales 3.5.3 The Relaxation Approach 3.6 The Evolution of Probability: The Mathematical Approach 3.6.1 The Master Equation 3.6.2 The Kinetic Equation in an External Field 3.6.3 The Kinetic Equation for a Self-consisted Field 3.6.4 The Kinetic Equation for Collisions 3.6.5 The Diffusion Equations 3.6.6 The Stationary Equations 3.7 The Kinetics of Gas Near the Evaporation Surface 3.7.1 The Liquid 3.7.2 The Region of Vapor-Liquid Interaction 3.7.3 The Knudsen Layer