World regional geography : a development approach

Description

Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 6 Copyright Page......Page 7 Acknowledgments......Page 17 Contents......Page 10 Preface......Page 16 About the Authors......Page 19 Digital and Print Resources......Page 21 Book & MasteringGeography™ Walkthrough......Page 29 Pearson Choices......Page 31 Introduction......Page 34 Give a Man an Animal…......Page 45 The Meaning of Development......Page 48 Human Transitions and Development Processes......Page 50 Globalization as a New Economic Revolution?......Page 57 VISUALIZING DEVELOPMENT: We Do "Like" Our Social Media......Page 60 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: The Transnational Capitalist Class......Page 62 Environment, Society, and Development......Page 63 Environmental Setting: Complex Landscapes and Evolving Challenges......Page 64 Historical Background: Culture and Technology......Page 75 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: The Vulnerable Arctic......Page 77 Environmental Health and Development......Page 81 Measures of Wealth and Their Unequal Geographies......Page 86 EXPLORING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS: Sea Level on the Rise......Page 87 Patterns of Development......Page 90 FOCUS ON ENERGY: Living Off the Grid......Page 94 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: Gender Inequality as a Barrier to Development......Page 97 Summary......Page 99 Geographers @ Work......Page 100 Canadians Are Really Americans … Eh?......Page 101 Environmental Setting: The Lay of the Land and the Geography of the Climate......Page 104 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: Landforms and Climate: Orographic Effects in the United States......Page 110 EXPLORING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS: The Battle for New Orleans......Page 113 Historical Background: The Spatial Evolution of Settlement in Canada and the United States......Page 115 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: North America's First Inhabitants......Page 116 Agricultural Issues and Regions......Page 128 Natural Resources and Manufacturing in a Postindustrial Era......Page 131 FOCUS ON ENERGY: North America's New Oil Boom and the Quest for a Sustainable Energy Future......Page 135 VISUALIZING DEVELOPMENT: Does America Have "Smart" Cities?......Page 143 Poverty on a Continent of Plenty......Page 145 The Power and Challenges of Diversity in the United States and Canada......Page 147 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: The "Dearborn Effect": Ethnic Clustering in Contemporary American Cities......Page 153 Summary......Page 155 Geographers @ Work......Page 156 The Heart of the Latin American City......Page 157 Environmental Setting: Tropical Hazards and Opportunities......Page 160 Historical Background: The Origins of a Region......Page 164 EXPLORING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS: The Threatened Amazon Rain Forest......Page 165 Contemporary Latin American and Caribbean Development......Page 172 VISUALIZING DEVELOPMENT: The Rise of China in Latin America......Page 177 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: The Geography of Drugs......Page 180 Contemporary Social and Cultural Trends......Page 182 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: Migration and Development......Page 183 Mexico......Page 186 Central America......Page 189 The Caribbean......Page 192 The Andean Republics......Page 195 Brazil......Page 201 The Southern Cone......Page 203 FOCUS ON ENERGY: Biofuels in Brazil......Page 204 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: Chile and Venezuela: Controversial Development Agendas......Page 207 Key Terms......Page 209 Geographers @ Work......Page 210 City Walls in the Twenty-First Century......Page 211 Environmental Setting: Physical Geography Enables Development......Page 214 EXPLORING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS: Transboundary Water......Page 215 Historical Background: Shaping a Territorial Order......Page 223 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: Renewable Landscapes......Page 225 Core and Periphery in Economic and Social Development......Page 234 Industrial Development......Page 236 Postindustrial Geographies......Page 237 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: The Ruhr River Region's Transformation to a Postindustrial Economy......Page 239 Resource Scarcity and Innovation......Page 243 Forces of Integration......Page 244 FOCUS ON ENERGY: Europe's Drive to Energy Security......Page 245 Internal Disunity......Page 251 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: Growing Pains in "New" Europe......Page 252 Immigration......Page 255 Europe as a Geopolitical and Geoeconomic Power......Page 256 VISUALIZING DEVELOPMENT: Europe's Immigration Patterns......Page 257 Key Terms......Page 259 Geographers @ Work......Page 260 Sochi Olympics: Window on a New Russia?......Page 261 Northern Eurasia's Environmental and Historical Contexts......Page 264 Environmental Setting: Vast Northern Continent......Page 265 Historical Background: Territory and State-Building......Page 268 EXPLORING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS: The Unreality Show......Page 269 Post-Soviet Economic Policy......Page 278 Post-Soviet Changes in Society......Page 279 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: Young People: Living in a New World......Page 281 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: North Caucasus: Mosaic and Minefield......Page 283 Russia's Economic Geography......Page 284 VISUALIZING DEVELOPMENT: Moscow City, New Moscow: Whither Moscow?......Page 287 FOCUS ON ENERGY: Profits and Prospects......Page 290 Putin's Political System: The Power Vertical......Page 291 Russia and the "Near Abroad"......Page 292 Belarus: Stuck in Transition......Page 293 Ukraine: Between Europe and Russia......Page 294 Armenia: Precarious Position......Page 295 Azerbaijan: Caucasian Oil Power......Page 296 Key Terms......Page 297 Geographers @ Work......Page 298 Astana, Kazakhstan: City of the Twenty-First Century?......Page 299 Environmental Setting: A Challenging Locale......Page 302 EXPLORING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS: The Aral Sea......Page 305 Historical Background: "Central" in Every Sense......Page 307 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: Central Asia's Distinctive Urban Geography and Housing......Page 311 Forging Postindependence Identities......Page 314 Turning toward Islam......Page 316 The Turkic Republics......Page 317 FOCUS ON ENERGY: Energy Potential in Central Asia and Afghanistan......Page 318 Tajikistan......Page 319 Continued Authoritarian Politics: Little Progress toward Democracy......Page 320 VISUALIZING DEVELOPMENT: Tajikistan's Remittance Economy......Page 321 Modern Afghanistan......Page 323 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: Warlords and Opium......Page 326 Summary......Page 327 Geographers @ Work......Page 328 The Timeless Role of the Suq......Page 329 Environmental Setting: From the Mediterranean to the Desert......Page 332 Historical Background: Home of Many Civilizations......Page 336 EXPLORING ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES: Jeddah's Urban Water Crisis......Page 337 Contemporary Livelihood Patterns......Page 343 FOCUS ON ENERGY: Fossil Fuel Consumption and the Search for Renewable Energy......Page 348 The Maghreb: The Islamic World's Far West......Page 350 Egypt and Turkey: Anchor States of the Eastern Mediterranean......Page 353 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: The Arab Spring's Troubled Summer......Page 357 Small States of the Eastern Mediterranean: Uneasy Neighbors......Page 358 VISUALIZING DEVELOPMENT: Dealing with Water Deficits......Page 363 The Gulf States: Living on Oil......Page 365 Regional Characteristics......Page 367 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: Women in the Middle East and North Africa: Breaking Down Opportunity Constraints......Page 370 Development and the Petroleum Economy......Page 371 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: Science and Higher Education in the Middle East and North Africa......Page 374 Petroleum Powerhouses: Isolation and Globalization......Page 376 Summary......Page 382 Geographers @ Work......Page 383 The Paradox of Sub-Saharan Africa's Mineral Wealth......Page 385 Environmental Setting: From Rain Forests to Deserts......Page 388 FOCUS ON ENERGY: Renewable Energy Resources in Sub-Saharan Africa......Page 392 EXPLORING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS: Tropical Deforestation and Loss of Resources......Page 398 Historical Background: Deep Traditions and Contemporary Struggles......Page 399 Contemporary Sub-Saharan Africa......Page 405 Development Trends......Page 413 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: Achieving Gender Parity in Sub-Saharan Africa......Page 416 VISUALIZING DEVELOPMENT: Sub-Saharan Africa's Cell Phone Revolution......Page 420 West Africa......Page 423 Central Africa......Page 428 East Africa......Page 431 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: South Sudan: Birth of a New but Fragile State......Page 432 Southern Africa: Development in Transition......Page 435 Angola and Mozambique: Emerging from Conflict......Page 436 Botswana: Model of Economic and Political Stability......Page 437 Zimbabwe: Land Reform and Economic Transformation......Page 438 South Africa: Postapartheid Challenges......Page 439 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: Seeking Social Justice in Contemporary South Africa......Page 444 Summary......Page 446 Geographers @ Work......Page 447 Energy and the Development Challenge......Page 449 Environmental Setting: Mountains and Monsoons......Page 452 Historical Background: Empires and Identity......Page 457 Managing Population Growth......Page 465 VISUALIZING DEVELOPMENT: Community, Gender, and Regional Variations in Population Growth......Page 466 Agricultural Development in India......Page 467 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: Contesting Casteism......Page 472 India's Industrial Economy......Page 473 FOCUS ON ENERGY: India's Energy Challenge......Page 476 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: "IT for All" and the Digital Divide......Page 478 Urban India......Page 479 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: Globalization and India's Diaspora......Page 480 Pakistan......Page 481 Nepal......Page 483 Bangladesh......Page 485 Sri Lanka......Page 486 EXPLORING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS: Threats to the Sundarban......Page 488 Understanding Development in South Asia......Page 489 Geographers @ Work......Page 490 Apple, China, and Globalization......Page 491 Environmental Setting: Vastness and Isolation......Page 494 Historical Background: Ancient Roots and Global Reach......Page 500 Spatial Evolution of Early Chinese Culture......Page 501 Transformation of Agricultural Production......Page 505 Industry and Regional Economic Growth......Page 508 FOCUS ON ENERGY: China's Energy Challenges......Page 510 VISUALIZING DEVELOPMENT: Spatial Inequalities in Development......Page 512 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: Hong Kong's Past, Present, and Future......Page 513 Urbanization and Migration......Page 517 China's Population Profile......Page 518 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: China's Urban Floating Population......Page 519 Challenges to China's Future......Page 521 Mongolia......Page 522 The Two Koreas......Page 523 Taiwan......Page 526 Japan: Tradition and Modernity......Page 527 Japan's Challenging Physical Environment......Page 528 Japan's Challenging Physical Environment......Page 530 EXPLORING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS: The Fukushima Disaster and Nuclear Power in Japan......Page 531 Modernization and the Japan Model......Page 533 Consequences of the Japan Model......Page 537 Japan's Third Transformation: Charting a New Course......Page 541 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: The Outsiders: Historical Minorities in Japan......Page 542 Summary......Page 543 Geographers @ Work......Page 544 Floods Disrupt Global Production Chains......Page 545 Environmental Setting: Mountains, River Valleys, and Islands......Page 548 Historical Background: Empires and Colonial Possessions......Page 551 EXPLORING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS: Deforestation and Regional Air Pollution......Page 553 Modern Economic Growth and Stagnation......Page 556 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: Overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia......Page 557 FOCUS ON ENERGY: Southeast Asia's Energy Resources: Cooperation and Challenges......Page 559 Singapore......Page 562 VISUALIZING DEVELOPMENT: Demographic Diversity and Development......Page 563 Malaysia......Page 566 Indonesia......Page 568 The Philippines......Page 569 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: Indonesia's Changing Core-Periphery Relationships......Page 571 Thailand......Page 572 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: Transnational Migrants and the Regional Division of Labor......Page 574 Vietnam......Page 575 Cambodia......Page 576 Myanmar (Burma)......Page 577 Summary......Page 578 Geographers @ Work......Page 579 The "Wild White Man"......Page 581 Environmental Setting: Vast Spaces of Land and Sea......Page 584 Historical Background: From Ancient to Modern in 200 Years......Page 587 EXPLORING ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES: The Great Barrier Reef......Page 588 Australia: A Vast and Arid Continent......Page 591 The Ins and Outs of Migration......Page 592 VISUALIZING DEVELOPMENT: The Rush for Mineral Resources in Western Australia......Page 593 Australia's Minorities......Page 595 An Urbanized Society......Page 596 The Australian Economy......Page 597 FOCUS ON ENERGY: Carbon Pricing and Coal in Australia......Page 600 Australia's Future......Page 602 New Zealand: A Pastoral Economy......Page 603 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: The Christchurch Earthquakes, 2010–2011......Page 605 The Pacific Islands......Page 606 GEOGRAPHY IN ACTION: Living at Sea Level Surrounded by Water......Page 609 Summary......Page 613 Geographers @ Work......Page 614 B......Page 616 C......Page 617 D......Page 618 F......Page 619 G......Page 620 I......Page 621 M......Page 622 N......Page 623 P......Page 624 R......Page 625 S......Page 626 T......Page 627 Z......Page 628 Credits......Page 630 A......Page 634 B......Page 637 C......Page 638 D......Page 642 E......Page 643 G......Page 646 H......Page 647 I......Page 648 K......Page 650 L......Page 651 M......Page 652 N......Page 654 O......Page 656 P......Page 657 R......Page 659 S......Page 660 T......Page 663 U......Page 664 W......Page 666 Z......Page 667