Analog and Digital Holography with MATLAB

Description

Holography is the only truly three-dimensional imaging method available, and MATLAB has become the programming language of choice for engineering and physics students. Whereas most books solely address the theory behind these 3D imaging techniques, this monograph concentrates on the exact code needed to perform complex mathematical and physical operations. The text and the included CD-ROM spare students and researchers from the tedium of programming complex equations so that they can focus on their experiments instead. Topics include a brief introduction to the history, types, and materials of holography; the basic principles of analog and digital holography; a detailed explanation of famous fringe-deciphering techniques for holographic interferometry; holographic and non-holographic 3D display technologies; and cutting-edge concepts such as compressive, coherence, nonlinear, and polarization holography. Title Page Publishing Notes Table of Contents Preface List of Acronyms & Abbreviations 1. Introduction and Preliminaries 1.1 History of Holography 1.1.1 Introduction 1.1.2 Types of holograms 1.1.3 Holographic recording media 1.2 Scalar Theory of Diffraction 1.2.1 Maxwell’s equations 1.2.2 Spatial frequency transfer function & Fresnel diffraction 1.2.3 Fraunhofer diffraction 1.2.4 Fourier transform property of an ideal lens 1.2.5 Gaussian beam optics 1.2.6 q-transformation of Gaussian beams 1.2.7 Focusing a Gaussian beam 1.3 Example 1: MATLAB Code for Calculating Diffraction with the Fast Fourier Transform 1.4 Example 2: MATLAB Code for Calculating Forward & Backward Gaussian Beam Propagation 1.5 Example 3: MATLAB Code for Gaussian Beam Propagationthrough a Lens 1.6 Generalized Diffraction Example via the Fresnel Transform References 2. Analog Holography,Holographic Interferometry, and Phase-Shifting Holographic Interferometry 2.1 Fourier Optics Theory 2.2 Analog Holography Theory & Setups 2.3 Analog Holographic Interferometry Theory & Setups 2.4 Phase Unwrapping in 1D & 2D 2.5 Application of Phase Unwrapping in Holographic Interferometry 2.6 Phase-Shifting Holography through Dynamic Holographyand Self-Diffraction References 3. Fringe Deciphering Techniques Applied to Analog Holographic Interferometry 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Interferogram Processing Using Frequency Techniques 3.2.1 Demodulating simulated fringes due to a tilt 3.2.2 Demodulating fringes embedded with a carrier 3.3 Interferogram Processing Using Fringe Orientation & Fringe Direction 3.3.1 Definition of fringe orientation & fringe direction 3.3.2 Orientation computation methods 3.3.2.1 Gradient-based method 3.3.2.2 Plane-fit method 3.3.2.3 Spin-filter method 3.3.2.4 Fourier transform method 3.3.2.5 Accumulate-differences method 3.3.2.6 Comparison of the different methods 3.3.3 Phase unwrapping & fringe direction computation usingregularized phase tracking 3.4 Phase Demodulation Using the Hilbert TransformTechnique 3.5 Fringe Skeletonization & Normalization 3.6 Contrast Enhancement of Fringe Patterns 3.7 Phase Unwrapping: Interferogram Analysis 3.7.1 Path-dependent techniques 3.7.2 Path-independent techniques References 4. Digital Holography & Digital Holographic Microscopy 4.1 Basics of Digital Holography 4.2 Digital Holography Reconstruction Algorithms 4.2.1 Numerical reconstruction by the discrete Fresnel transformation 4.2.2 Numerical reconstruction by the convolution approach 4.2.3 Numerical reconstruction by the angular spectrum approach 4.3 DC Suppression during Reconstruction 4.4 Digital Holography Example 4.5 Digital Holograms of Large Objects 4.6 Digital Holographic Microscopy 4.7 Digital Holographic Microscopy Example 4.8 Optimization of the Fresnel Transform 4.9 General Functions for Digital Holography Using MATLAB References 5. Digital Holographic Interferometry andPhase-Shifting DigitalHolography 5.1 Digital Holographic Interferometry: Basic Principles 5.2 Two-Illumination-Point Technique 5.3 3D Stress & Strain Sensors from Three Digital Hologram Recordings 5.4 Phase-Shifting Digital Holography 5.5 Techniques to Perform Phase-Shifting Digital Holography 5.6 One-Shot Phase-Shifting Digital Holography Using Wave Plates 5.7 General Functions for Digital Holographic Interferometry & Phase-Shifting Digital Holography Using MATLAB References 6. Digital Holographic Tomography 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Single-Shot Optical Tomography Using the MultiplicativeTechnique (SHOT-MT) 6.3 Single-Shot Optical Tomography Using the Radon Transform Technique 6.4 Recording Considerations for Holographic Tomography 6.4.1 Multiple-angle, single-exposure methods 6.4.2 Multiple-angle, multiple-exposure methods 6.4.3 Microscopic tomography methods 6.4.4 Angular sampling considerations 6.5 Examples of Digital Holographic Tomography Using MATLAB References 7. Multiwavelength Digital Holography 7.1 Holographic Contouring 7.2 Principle of Multiwavelength Digital Holography 7.3 Hierarchical Phase Unwrapping 7.4 Multiwavelength Digital Holography 7.5 Multiwavelength Digital Holography with Spatial Heterodyning 7.6 Multiwavelength Digital Holographic Microscopy 7.7 Multiwavelength Digital Holographic Microscopy with Spatial Heterodyning 7.8 Holographic Volume-Displacement Calculations via Multiwavelength Digital Holography 7.9 Multiwavelength Digital Holography: Image-Type Setupand Results References 8. Computer-Generated Holography 8.1 A Brief History 8.2 Fourier Transform Holograms: Detour Method 8.3 Phase-Only CG Hologram 8.4 Gerchberg–Saxton Algorithm for Recording a CG Hologram 8.5 Point-Source Holograms & the Wavefront RecordingPlane Method 8.6 Recent Developments in CGH 8.6.1 Fourier ping-pong algorithm 8.6.2 Interference-based algorithms 8.6.3 Diffraction-specific algorithm 8.6.4 Binarization algorithms 8.7 CGH-based Display Systems 8.7.1 Advantages 8.7.2 Challenges 8.7.3 Computational loads References 9. Compressive Sensing & Compressive Holography 9.1 Compressive Sensing: Background 9.2 Compressive Holography 9.3 Experimental Setups & MATLAB Examples References 10. Contemporary Topics in Holography 10.1 Transport-of-Intensity Imaging 10.2 Nonlinear Holography 10.3 Coherence Holography 10.4 Polarization Imaging Using Digital Holography References 11. Progress in Stereoscopic, Head-Mounted, Multiview, Depth-Fused, Volumetric, andHolographic 3D Displays 11.1 Introduction to 3D Displays 11.1.1 Characteristics of an optimal 3D display 11.1.2 Display-technology depth cues related to the humanvisual system 11.2 Stereoscopic 3D Displays 11.2.1 Spectral-based stereoscopic display (anaglyph) 11.2.2 Polarization-based stereoscopic display 11.2.3 Alternate-frame stereoscopic display 11.3 Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) 11.4 Autostereoscopic 3D Displays 11.4.1 Multiview 3D display technology 11.4.1.1 Introduction to different multiview systems 11.4.1.2 Occlusion-based system 11.4.1.3 Refraction-based system 11.4.1.4 Reflection-based system 11.4.1.5 Diffraction-based system 11.4.1.6 Projection-based system 11.4.1.7 Super multiview (SMV) 3D display 11.4.1.8 Head-tracking autostereoscopic 3D display 11.4.1.9 Directional-backlight autostereoscopic 3D display 11.4.2 Depth-fused 3D display technology 11.4.3 Volumetric 3D display technology 11.4.3.1 Passive static-screen display 11.4.3.2 Active static-screen display 11.4.3.3 Passive swept-screen display 11.4.3.4 Active swept-screen display 11.4.4 Holographic 3D display technology 11.4.4.1 Spatial light modulators (SLMs) 11.4.4.2 MIT holographic 3D displays: holovideo 11.4.4.3 SeeReal 3D displays 11.4.4.4 Zebra holographic 3D displays 11.4.4.5 QinetiQ holographic 3D displays 11.4.4.6 IMEC holographic 3D display 11.4.4.7 HOlographic ReconstructioN (HORN) 11.4.4.8 Image hologram 11.4.4.9 Coherent stereogram 11.4.4.10 NICT 3D holographic system 11.4.4.11 University of Arizona’s updatable holographic display 11.5 Comparison of the Different 3D Display Techniques 11.6 Commonly Misunderstood Nonholographic, Non-3D Displays 11.6.1 Pepper’s ghost illusion 11.6.2 Heliodisplay References Index CD-ROM Files