Introduction to Trade Policy

Description

Introduction to Trade Policy provides a comprehensive overview of the rules and regulations that govern trade flow. It discusses the trade policy formulation process of major international economic players, and analyzes existing trade policy tools that countries may resort to in order to take advantage of the benefits of international trade and to protect themselves against its dangers, as well as their implications for trade policy, law and negotiations. 　 In Section I, the book explores the ways in which interest groups interact with government and legislators to shape trade policies. By developing an analytical view of trade policy formulation systems in the U.S., European Union, the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), Canada, Mexico and Australia, the book will help the reader to gain a better understanding of these countries’ trade policy developments and also to apply such learning to the analysis of the trade policy formulation of any other countries. Section II goes on to explain how trade policy tools are used by governments to achieve trade and other policy objectives, while Section III analyses trade in services and the multilateral trade rules on Intellectual Property. Finally, Section IV uses hypothetical case studies in simulation exercises to illustrate trade policy decision-making and trade agreement negotiations in a bilateral, plurilateral and multilateral setting.　 This is the ideal introduction to international trade policy formulation for students and professionals in the areas of law, politics, economics and public policy who are seeking to develop a global view of international trade, gain insights into trade negotiations and understand the motivations behind the policies and actions of governments regarding international trade issues. This book is also the ideal companion to any traditional legal casebook on international trade or on international economic law. Cover Title Copyright CONTENTS List of figures List of tables Abbreviations SECTION I Trade policy 1 Introduction to trade policy 1.1 The purpose of this book 1.2 The notion of trade policy 1.3 The World Trade Organization and other multilateral institutions that affect trade policies 1.4 Trade policy formulation systems (Trade PFS) 2 The U.S. trade policy system 2.1 How players influence trade policy in the United States 2.2 The U.S. perspective on trade issues and negotiations 3 The E.U.’s trade policy system 3.1 The E.U.’s system 3.2 The E.U.’s background and institutions 3.3 How players influence trade policy in the European Union 3.4 The European perspective on trade issues and negotiations 4 BRICS Part 1: The Brazilian trade policy system 4.1 The Brazilian trade policy system 4.2 How players influence the trade policy formulation in Brazil 4.3 Brazil’s perspective on trade issues and negotiations 5 BRICS Part 2: The Chinese trade policy system 5.1 The Chinese trade policy system 5.2 How players influence trade policy in China 5.3 China’s perspective on trade issues and negotiations 6 BRICS Part 3: The Indian trade policy system 6.1 The Indian trade policy system 6.2 How players influence trade policy in India 6.3 India’s perspective on trade issues and negotiations 7 BRICS Part 4: The Russian trade policy system 7.1 The Russian trade policy system 7.2 How to influence trade policy in Russia 7.3 Russia’s perspective on trade issues and negotiations 8 BRICS Part 5: The South African trade policy system 8.1 The South African trade policy system 8.2 How to influence policy in South Africa 8.3 South Africa’s perspective on trade issues and negotiations 9 The trade policy system in other selected countries 9.1 The Mexican trade policy system 9.2 The Canadian trade policy system 9.3 The Australian trade policy system SECTION II Trade policy tools 10 Market access 10.1 Tariffs 10.2 Customs procedures 10.3 Trade facilitation 10.4 Tariff preference programs 11 Trade remedies 11.1 Safeguards 11.2 Antidumping duties 11.3 Subsidies and countervailing measures 12 Currency manipulation and trade 12.1 Introduction 12.2 The economics of currency manipulation 12.3 The legal effects of currency manipulation 12.4 How to deal with the issue of currency misalignments 13 Regulatory measures 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Sanitary and phytosanitary measures 13.3 Technical barriers to trade 13.4 Private standards 13.5 Rules of origin 14 Dispute settlement 14.1 Generalities of the Dispute Settlement Understanding 14.2 Stages of the dispute settlement process 14.3 The ups and downs of the DSU 14.4 The settlement of disputes under PTAs 15 Trade agreements 15.1 Why do countries seek trade agreements? 15.2 International trade agreements 15.3 The debate of regionalism vs. multilateralism 16 Advanced analysis of international trade agreements 16.1 Basics of negotiation 16.2 The GATT and WTO rounds of negotiation SECTION III GATS and TRIPS agreements 17 General Agreement on Trade and Services (GATS) 17.1 Introduction 17.2 GATS overview 17.3 Other agreements on trade in services 17.4 Case law on trade in services 18 The TRIPS agreement 18.1 Introduction 18.2 TRIPS overview SECTION IV Trade policy simulations 19 Simulation exercise: trade policy decision-making process 19.1 Preparation 19.2 First session (three hours) 19.3 Second session (three hours) 20 Simulation exercise: bilateral trade agreement negotiations 20.1 Preparation 20.2 First session (three hours) 20.3 Second session (three hours) 21 Simulation exercise: plurilateral trade agreement negotiations 21.1 Preparation 21.2 First session (three hours) 21.3 Second session (three hours) 22 Simulation exercise: multilateral trade agreement negotiations 22.1 Preparation 22.2 First session (three hours) 22.3 Second session (three hours) Epilogue: Trade under attack References Index