Leveraging Synergies Between Refining and Petrochemical Processes

Description

Leveraging Synergies Between Refining and Petrochemical Processes provides a detailed description of the interfaces and connections between crude oil refining and petrochemicals. It offers a view of global and regional markets and economic opportunities for synergies between these sectors. Features Shows a global and regional market outlook for crude oil refining and petrochemical sectors Explores economic and market opportunities for taking advantage of the synergies between both sectors Analyzes the technical challenges and opportunities that come with these synergies Gives an outlook and prediction of what companies will be able to achieve in the mid-term future Provides introductory and explanatory material as well as in-depth insight into future technology and market developments This book serves as a reference for professionals in chemical engineering, oil and gas engineering, and industrial chemistry. It aims to help engineers and industry professionals understand the challenges and the potential benefits of developing expansion or optimization projects that may bridge the gap between refining and petrochemicals. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface Authors Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Self-Respect 1.2 Respect for Others 1.3 Communication 1.4 Passion Chapter 2 Fundamentals 2.1 Historical Development of Petrochemical-Refining Synergies 2.2 Evolution of Key Technologies 2.2.1 Syngas Production 2.2.2 Ethylene Production 2.2.3 Aromatics Production 2.2.4 Propylene Production 2.2.4.1 Metathesis 2.2.4.2 Propane Dehydrogenation 2.2.4.3 Methanol to Olefins (MTO) 2.2.4.4 Interconversion of Heavier Olefins into Propylene 2.2.5 Petroleum Refining 2.2.5.1 Octane Improving 2.2.5.2 Isomerization 2.2.5.3 Gasoline Reforming 2.2.5.4 Catalytic Cracking 2.2.5.5 Hydrocracking 2.2.5.6 Hydrotreating 2.3 Role of Hydrogen in Synergies 2.4 Opportunities in the Near Future 2.4.1 Reduction of Fuel Consumption 2.4.2 Strategies to Share Infrastructure 2.4.3 Environmental Challenges Bibliography Chapter 3 Economic and Market Outlook 3.1 Global Energy Markets 3.1.1 Coal 3.1.2 Renewables 3.1.3 Wind/Solar 3.1.4 Nuclear 3.1.5 Crude Oil–Petroleum 3.1.6 Natural Gas 3.2 Market Outlook Refining 3.2.1 Impact of IMO 2020 3.2.2 Changes in Private Transportation 3.2.3 Long-Term Outlook 3.3 Market Outlook Petrochemicals 3.4 Market Outlook Natural Gas 3.5 Market Challenges and Opportunities 3.5.1 Trends of Integration by Region 3.5.1.1 North America 3.5.1.2 South America 3.5.1.3 Western Europe 3.5.1.4 Eastern Europe/Russia 3.5.1.5 Middle East 3.5.1.6 Africa 3.5.1.7 Asia Pacific 3.5.2 Impact on Product Value Chains 3.5.2.1 Feedstock 3.5.2.2 Offgas and Light Products 3.5.2.3 Naphtha and Gasoline Blend Pool 3.5.2.4 Heavier Products 3.5.2.5 Hydrogen 3.5.3 Impact on Storage, Logistics, and Infrastructure Bibliography Chapter 4 Technical View 4.1 Feedstocks and Products 4.1.1 Crude Oil Selection 4.1.2 Refinery Product Value Chains 4.1.2.1 Refinery Gases 4.1.2.2 Naphtha 4.1.2.3 Other Refinery Products 4.1.2.4 Aromatics (BTX) from Refinery Units 4.1.2.5 Olefins from Refinery Units 4.1.3 Petrochemical Product Value Chains 4.1.3.1 Ethylene 4.1.3.2 Propylene 4.1.3.3 C[sub(4)] Hydrocarbons 4.1.3.4 Pyrolysis Gasoline (Pygas) 4.1.3.5 Methanol 4.1.3.6 Other Petrochemical Products 4.1.4 Selection of Integration Options 4.1.4.1 Grassroots Refinery/Petrochemical Complex or Petrochemical Refinery 4.1.4.2 Existing Refinery 4.1.4.3 Existing Petrochemical Units 4.1.4.3 Existing Integrated Complex 4.1.5 Role of Alternative Feedstocks 4.1.5.1 Coal 4.1.5.2 Natural Gas 4.1.5.3 Biomass and Renewables 4.2 Energy Efficiency 4.2.1 General Recommendations 4.2.2 Opportunities from Integration 4.2.2.1 Energy Management 4.2.2.2 Monitoring and Control Systems 4.2.2.3 Economy of Scale 4.2.2.4 Process Integration 4.2.2.5 Fuel Management 4.2.2.6 Water Management 4.2.2.7 Steam Management 4.2.2.8 Plant Air/Instrument Air Management 4.2.3 Human Factor 4.3 Technology Development 4.3.1 Flow Schemes for Integration 4.3.1.1 Refining Products Flowing to Petrochemical Units 4.3.1.2 Petrochemical Products Flowing to Refining Units 4.3.2 Role of Steam Crackers and Catalytic Crackers on Integration 4.3.2.1 Steam Cracking 4.3.2.2 Catalytic Cracking 4.3.3 Role of Catalytic Reformers and Steam Crackers on the Integration of Aromatic Streams 4.3.4 Impact of New Developments in Technologies 4.3.4.1 Oxidative Dehydrogenation 4.3.4.2 Biomass Processes 4.3.4.3 Dehydrocyclodimerization of LPG 4.3.4.4 Shock Wave Pyrolysis 4.3.4.5 Methanol to Aromatics 4.3.5 Capital Cost of Integrated Schemes 4.4 Technical Challenges and Opportunities 4.4.1 Interfaces during Integration 4.4.2 Planning and Scheduling 4.4.3 Impact on Operational Staff 4.4.4 Safety and Environmental Challenges Bibliography Chapter 5 Conclusions Index