Metal-Organic Framework Membranes for Molecular Gas Separations

Description

This unique compendium describes research progress on metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes for different relevant industrial gas separations. Specifically, the book focuses mainly on gas separations which are important in flue gas treatment, natural gas purification, hydrogen purification, and nuclear reprocessing. The advantages of using MOFs in mixed matrix membranes are discussed. Some of the pressing challenges in the field, and strategies to potentially overcome them are also distinctly outlined. This volume is a useful reference materials for professionals, academics, researchers and postgraduate students in chemical engineering and materials engineering. Contents Preface 1. Metal-Organic Frameworks History and Structural Features 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Nomenclature and analogues of MOFs 1.3. Progress of MOFs 1.4. MOF structural generalities 1.5. MOF synthesis and post-synthetic modification 1.5.1. MOF synthesis 1.5.2. Post-synthetic modification (PSM) of MOFs 1.6. Characterization of metal-organic frameworks 1.6.1. Powder X-ray diffraction 1.6.2. N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms 1.6.3. Termogravimetric analysis (TGA) 1.6.4. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) References 2. Adsorption on MOFs 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Characterization of adsorbents 2.3. Designing the MOFs for adsorption-based gas separations 2.3.1. Controlling the structural features of MOFs 2.3.2. Post-synthetic modification of MOFs for improved adsorption 2.3.3. Computational screening of MOFs as adsorbents 2.4. Gas separation applications 2.4.1. Carbon dioxide separation 2.4.2. Xenon separation 2.4.3. Hydrocarbon separations 2.5. Conclusions References 3. Metal-Organic Frameworks as Appealing Materials for Gas Separations 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Gas separation properties of MOFs 3.2.1. Surface area and pore size properties of the MOFs 3.2.2. Chemical, thermal and mechanical stability of MOFs 3.3. Gas adsorption properties of the MOFs 3.4. MOF membranes for gas separation applications References 4. Membrane-based Gas Separations 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Definitions of gas separation 4.2.1. Permeability 4.2.2. Permeance 4.2.3. Selectivity 4.3. Gas separation mechanism in MOF membranes 4.3.1. Knudsen diffusion 4.3.2. Molecular sieving 4.3.3. Surface diffusion 4.4. Gas separation performance measurement techniques 4.4.1. Constant volume–variable pressure method 4.4.2. Constant pressure–variable volume method 4.4.3. Mixed gas performance testing 4.5. Gas flow configurations and membrane module types 4.5.1. Plate and frame 4.5.2. Spiral wound 4.5.3. Hollow fiber or tubular 4.5.4. Flow configurations References 5. Relevance of Molecular Gas Separations Through Membranes 5.1. Conventional techniques for gas separations 5.2. Importance of membrane technology for molecular gas separations 5.3. Pre-economic evaluation:Membrane technology vs distillation 5.4. Representative reviews on MOF membranes and MOF mixed matrix membranes References 6. Metal-Organic Framework Membranes for CO2 Separation 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Justifying the use of MOF membranes for CO2 separation 6.3. Strategies for MOF membrane fabrication 6.3.1. In situ growth 6.3.2. Secondary growth 6.3.3. Alternative MOF membrane synthesis approaches 6.4. MOF membranes for CO2 separation from flue gas 6.5. MOF membranes for CO2 separation from natural gas 6.6. MOF membranes for CO2/H2 separations 6.7. Concluding remarks and outlook References 7. Metal-Organic Framework Membranes for Hydrocarbon Separations 7.1. Introduction 7.2. MOF membranes for olefin/paraffin separation 7.3. ZIF-8 membranes for CO2, hydrocarbons, and noble gases separations References 8. Metal-Organic Framework Membranes for Xenon Capture 8.1. Kr/Xe separation 8.1.1. Introduction 8.1.2. Nuclear energy generalities 8.1.3. Nuclear power waste storage and fuel reprocessing 8.1.4. The significance of Kr/Xe separation 8.1.5. Conventional methods to separate Kr and Xe 8.1.6. ZIF-8 membranes for Kr/Xe separation 8.2. Air/Xe separation 8.2.1. Introduction 8.2.2. Adsorbents for Xenon separation from air 8.2.3. ZIF-8 membranes for Xenon separation from air 8.3. Concluding remarks References 9. MOF-based Mixed Matrix Membranes for Gas Separations 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Fabrication and characterization ofMMM 9.2.1. Polymer-filler compatibility 9.2.2. Morphological properties of the MOFs 9.2.3. Improving the polymer-MOF surface interaction 9.2.4. Membrane module configurations: Flat sheet and hollow fiber 9.3. Gas separation performance of MOF-basedMMM 9.4. Gas separation performance calculations of MMM using predictive models 9.4.1. Permeation Models of MMMs with ideal particle-filler interface 9.4.2. Permeation Models of MMMs with non-ideal particle-filler interface 9.4.3. Molecular models 9.5. Final remarks on MOF-based MMM References 10. MOF-Stability, Challenges and Outlook 10.1. Metal Organic Frameworks stability 10.1.1. Generalities 10.1.2. Strategies to improve MOF stability 10.1.3. Representative membrane MOF stability studies 10.2. Challenges and outlook References Index