The Making of Modern Japan: Power, Crisis, and the Promise of Transformation

Description

In The Making of Modern Japan, Myles Carroll offers a thought-provoking analysis of contemporary Japanese political economy, exploring how the causes of Japan’s current crisis can be found in the same institutions that brought prosperity in the post-war era. Half Title Series Information Title Page Copyright Page Contents Acknowledgements Illustrations Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Analytical Approach 2 Outline of the Argument 3 Outline of the Chapters Chapter 2 Lineages of Japanese Political Economy 1 Creative Conservatism and the Developmental State: Japan’s Post-war Boom 2 Institutional Approaches to the Study of Japanese Politics 3 The Long Decline: Theorizing Crisis in Heisei Japan 4 The Welfare State and Social Reproduction in Post-war Japan 5 Conclusion Chapter 3 Towards a Gramscian Understanding of Japanese Political Economy 1 Historical Materialist Methodology 2 Hegemony 3 Hegemony and Hegemonic Order 4 Social Reproduction 5 Conditions for Hegemonic Order 6 Historic Bloc 7 Explaining Change: Conjunctural and Organic 8 Organic Crisis 9 World Order, Forms of State, Social Forces 10 Relations of Force 11 Caesarism, Passive Revolution and Trasformismo 12 Counter-hegemony and the (Post-) Modern Prince 13 Political Ecology 14 Towards a Gramscian Feminist Approach to the Japanese Post-war Order 15 Conclusion Chapter 4 The Post-war Hegemonic Order 1 The Post-war Hegemonic Order 2 Conditions of Post-war Hegemonic Order 2.1 Geopolitics: The Yoshida Doctrine and the US-Japan Security Treaty (Anpo) 2.2 Global Political Economy: The Bretton Woods System 2.3 The Electoral and Party System: The Rise of ldp Dominance 2.4 The State Form: The Rise of Bureaucracy-driven Governance 2.5 Production and Capital: Japanese Developmentalism and the Keiretsu 2.6 Production and Labour: Enterprise Unionism and Lifetime Employment 2.7 Production and the Petit Bourgeoisie: Clientelism and the Old Middle Class 2.8 Gender and the Family: Extended Families and the Gendered Division of Labor 2.9 Demography and Welfare: Young Society, Small Welfare State 2.10 Nation and Ideology: The Pacifist Nationalism of the Post-war Era 2.11 Environment and National Resources: Cheap Oil 3 The Post-war Japanese Historic Bloc 4 Conclusion Chapter 5 Contradictions and Transitions of the Late Shōwa Era 1 Structural Changes to World Order 1.1 The Nixon Shocks 1.2 The Oil Shocks 1.3 American Trade Frictions and the Plaza Accord 2 Structural Demographic Changes 2.1 The Beginning of an Aging Society 2.2 The Decline of Extended Families 2.3 Rise of Women in the Workforce 3 Political Changes 4 Institutional Changes 4.1 The Heyday of the Kōenkai 4.2 The Rise of Factions and the parc 4.3 Growing Bureaucratic Influence: Zoku and Amakudari 4.4 Institutional Changes and Continuities in Japanese Business Relations 4.5 Lifetime Employment and the Dual System 4.6 Clientelism and the Construction State 5 Implications of these Changes for Hegemonic Order 5.1 Economic Implications 5.2 Political Implications 5.3 Social Implications 6 Conclusion Chapter 6 The Organic Crisis of the Heisei Era 1 Historical Background to the Crisis 1.1 1989–1993: Two Electoral Shocks 1.2 1993–1996: Coalition Governments, Political Reform 1.3 1996–2001: ldp’s Return to Power, Administrative and Financial Reform 1.4 2001–2006: Rise of Koizumi, Postal Privatization 1.5 2006–2009: ldp Impasse 1.6 2009–2012: Rise and Fall of the dpj 2 Conditions of the Crisis 2.1 Geopolitics: Security Alliance in a Post-Cold War World 2.2 Global Political Economy: Japan in a Global Neoliberal Era 2.3 The Electoral and Party System: Crisis, Reform, and the End of ldp Rule 2.4 The State Form: Institutional Decay and Administrative Reform 2.5 Production and Capital: The Americanization of Japanese Capitalism? 2.6 Production and Labour: Deregulation and the Rise of the Working Poor 2.7 Production and the Petit Bourgeoisie: End of the Pork-barrel System? 2.8 Gender and the Family: The End of the Male Breadwinner Model and Shōshika 2.9 Demography and Welfare: The Rise of the ‘Pension State’ 2.10 Nation and Ideology: ‘Normal Country’ or Tan’itsu Minzoku? 2.11 Political Ecology: Climate Change, the Nuclear Turn and 3/11 3 Implications of the Crisis 3.1 Summary of the Economic Accumulation Crisis 3.2 Summary of the Political Legitimation Crisis 3.3 Summary of the Social Reproduction Crisis 4 Conclusion Chapter 7 Caesarism, Passive Revolution and the Return of the ldp under Abe 1 Abe’s Political Comeback 2 Breaking the Deadlock: The Caesarism of “Abenomics” 2.1 Breaking the Deadlock through Expansionary Keynesian Policy 2.2 Breaking the Deadlock through Neoliberal Economic Reform 2.3 Breaking the Deadlock through Welfare State Expansion 2.4 Implications of Caesarism under Abe 3 The Real Abe? Passive Revolution, Militarism and Soft Authoritarianism 3.1 Asserting Control over the ldp 3.2 Passive Revolution in Foreign and Defense Policy 3.3 Passive Revolution in Administrative Reform 3.4 Passive Revolution in Domestic Security Policy 3.5 Abe’s Passive Revolution 4 Consequences of Abe’s Reign for the Hegemonic Order? 4.1 Capital Accumulation 4.2 Political Legitimation 4.3 Social Reproduction 5 Conclusion Chapter 8 Whither Post-Abe Japan? Four Scenarios for the Future 1 The Neo-conservative Option 1.1 Overview 1.2 Relations of Force behind Neo-conservatism 1.3 The Neo-conservative Solution to Organic Crisis 1.4 Challenges and Contradictions of Neo-conservatism 2 The Neo-liberal Path 2.1 Overview 2.2 Relations of Force behind Neo-liberalism 2.3 The Neo-liberal Solution to Organic Crisis 2.4 Challenges and Contradictions of Neo-liberalism 3 Back to the Future: Neo-communitarianism? 3.1 Overview 3.2 Relations of Force behind Neo-communitarianism 3.3 The Neo-communitarian Solution to Organic Crisis 3.4 Challenges and Contradictions of Neo-communitarianism 4 Counter-hegemony and a Democratic Socialist Future 4.1 Overview 4.2 Relations of Force behind Democratic Socialism 4.3 The Democratic Socialist Solution to Organic Crisis 4.4 Challenges and Contradictions of Democratic Socialism 5 Conclusion Chapter 9 Conclusion 1 Conditions for Hegemonic Order: Political Legitimation 2 Conditions for Hegemonic Order: Capital Accumulation 3 Conditions for Hegemonic Order: Social Reproduction 4 Overarching Theoretical Implications of the Argument 5 Towards a Gramscian Political Economy of Modern States Bibliography Index