Applied Mechanics of Polymers: Properties, Processing, and Behavior

Description

Applied Mechanics of Polymers: Properties, Processing, and Behavior provides readers with an overview of the properties, mechanical behaviors and modeling techniques for accurately predicting the behaviors of polymeric materials. The book starts with an introduction to polymers, covering their history, chemistry, physics, and various types and applications. In addition, it covers the general properties of polymers and the common processing and manufacturing processes involved with them. Subsequent chapters delve into specific mechanical behaviors of polymers such as linear elasticity, hyperelasticity, creep, viscoelasticity, failure, and fracture. The book concludes with chapters discussing electroactive polymers, hydrogels, and the mechanical characterization of polymers. This is a useful reference text that will benefit graduate students, postdocs, researchers, and engineers in the mechanics of materials, polymer science, mechanical engineering and material science. Additional resources related to the book can be found at polymersmechanics.com. Cover Half Title Applied Mechanics of Polymers: Properties, Processing, and Behavior Copyright Contents 1. Introduction and background 1.1. Introduction 1.2 Historical perspective 1.3 Type of polymers 1.4 Areas of study in polymer science 1.4.1 Polymer chemistry 1.4.2 Polymer physics 1.4.3 Polymer mechanics 1.5 Industrial applications of polymers 1.6 Closing remarks Practice problems References 2. General properties of polymers 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Quasi-static mechanical response 2.3 Long-term properties 2.3.1 Creep 2.3.2 Relaxation 2.4 Dynamic properties 2.5 Other properties Practice problems References 3. Processing and manufacturing of polymers 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Extrusion 3.3 Sheets, films, and filaments 3.4 Thermoforming 3.5 Injection molding 3.6 Additive manufacturing Practice problems References 4. Linear elastic behavior of polymers 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Stress and equilibrium 4.2.1 Plane stress 4.2.2 Simple tension 4.2.3 Simple shear 4.2.4 Hydrostatic stress 4.3 Strain and compatibility 4.3.1 Plane strain 4.4 Linear elastic material behavior 4.4.1 Isotropic materials 4.4.2 Orthotropic materials 4.4.3 Transverse isotropic materials 4.5 Structural component design 4.6 Applied FEA simulation examples Practice problems References 5. Hyperelastic behavior of polymers 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Theoretical preliminaries 5.2.1 Displacement field 5.2.2 Deformation gradient 5.2.3 Polar decomposition 5.2.4 Strain tensors 5.2.5 Stress tensors 5.3 Stress–strain relationships 5.4 Hyperelastic models 5.4.1 Neo-Hookean model 5.4.2 Mooney-Rivlin model 5.4.3 Yeoh model 5.4.4 Gent model 5.4.5 Ogden model 5.4.6 Ogden Hyper-foam model 5.5 Applications of hyperelastic models in component design Practice problems References 6. Creep behavior of polymers 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Simple creep models 6.2.1 Maxwell model 6.2.2 Kelvin model 6.2.3 Four-parameters model 6.2.4 Zener model 6.3 Additional creep models 6.3.1 Findley power law 6.3.2 Norton–bailey law 6.3.3 Prandtl–Garofalo law 6.4 Applications of creep in component design 6.5 Applied FEA simulation example Practice problems References 7. Viscoelastic behavior of polymers 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Theoretical preliminaries 7.2.1 Boltzmann superposition principle 7.2.2 Generalized Maxwell model 7.2.3 Generalized Kelvin model 7.3 Linear viscoelasticity 7.3.1 Small-strain linear viscoelasticity 7.3.2 Large-strain linear viscoelasticity 7.4 Applications of linear viscoelasticity in component design 7.5 Applied FEA simulation example Practice problem References 8. Electroactive polymers 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Theoretical preliminaries 8.3 Electrostrictive polymers 8.4 Dielectric elastomers 8.5 Applications of electroactive polymers 8.6 Applied FEA simulation example Practice problems References 9. Hydrogels ρh ρs 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Mechanics of hydrogels 9.2.1 Hydrogel deformation theory 9.2.2 Poroelasticity 9.3 Applications of hydrogels 9.4 Applied FEA simulation example Practice problems References 10. Failure and fracture of polymers 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Shear yielding 10.3 Crazing 10.4 Fracture mechanics 10.5 Fatigue Practice problems References 11. Characterization of polymers 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Thermal characterizations 11.2.1 Differential scanning calorimetry 11.2.2 Thermogravimetric analyzer 11.3 Microscopy characterizations 11.3.1 Optical microscopy 11.3.2 Scanning electron microscopy 11.3.3 Transmission electron microscopy 11.3.4 Atomic force microscopy 11.4 Spectroscopy characterizations 11.4.1 UV–visible spectroscopy 11.4.2 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 11.4.3 Raman spectroscopy 11.4.4 Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy Practice problems References Index Cover back