Bio-inspired Systems and Applications: from Robotics to Ambient Intelligence: 9th International Work-Conference on the Interplay Between Natural and Artificial Computation, IWINAC 2022, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain, May 31 – June 3, 2022, Proceedings, Part II

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Preface Organization Contents – Part II Contents – Part I Eye Tracking Measurement of Train Drivers' Attention Based on Quasi-static Areas of Interest 1 Introduction 2 Eye Tracking with Camera-on-Rail Systems 3 Pilot Study: Materials and Methods 3.1 Experiment Procedure 4 Evaluation of Experimental Results 4.1 Example of Research Based on Quasi-static AoI: Common Strategies of Observation 4.2 Example of Research Based on Quasi-static AoI: The Importance of Incidental Objects and Landmarks 5 Conclusions and Future Works References A Physical Cognitive Assistant for Monitoring Hand Gestures Exercises 1 Introduction 2 Desktop Robot Description 2.1 Hardware Description 2.2 Software Description 2.3 Hand Gesture Detection for Basics Therapy 2.4 Emotion Classification 3 Conclusions and Future Work References Automation of Social Media Interactions 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Modeling 3 Computational Model 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Visualization Methods for Exploratory Subgroup Discovery on Time Series Data 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Case Study: Application to Team Interaction Data 4 Discussion and Conclusions References Real-Life Validation of Emotion Detection System with Wearables 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Experimental Setup 3.1 Emognition System 3.2 Datasets 3.3 Procedure 3.4 Results 4 Discussion and Conclusions References Real-Life Validation of Emotion Detection System with Wearables 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Experimental Setup 3.1 Emognition System 3.2 Datasets 3.3 Procedure 3.4 Results 4 Discussion and Conclusions References Sentiment Analysis Based on Smart Human Mobility: A Comparative Study of ML Models 1 Introduction 2 State of the Art 2.1 Smart Cities and Internet of Things 2.2 Developed Studies 3 Experimental Study Case 3.1 Exploratory Data Analysis 3.2 Data Preprocessing 3.3 Developed Models 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Evaluation of Selected APIs for Emotion Recognition from Facial Expressions 1 Introduction and Motivation 2 Emotion Recognition from Facial Expressions 2.1 Microsoft Face API 2.2 Kairos Emotion Analysis API 3 Datasets 4 APIs' Evaluation 5 Summary and Future Work References Bioinspired Computing Approaches Robust Makespan Optimization via Genetic Algorithms on the Scientific Workflow Scheduling Problem 1 Introduction 2 The Scientific Workflow Scheduling Model 2.1 Schedule Evaluation Models 2.2 Definition of the Workflow Scheduling Problem 3 Genetic Algorithm 4 Experimental Study 5 Conclusions References Compiling Single Round QCCP-X Quantum Circuits by Genetic Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 QAOA and MaxCut 2.1 MaxCut Problem 3 Definition of the Quantum Circuit Compilation Problem 4 The Genetic Algorithm 5 Experimental Study 6 Conclusions References Elite Artificial Bee Colony for Makespan Optimisation in Job Shop with Interval Uncertainty 1 Introduction 2 The Job Shop Problem with Interval Durations 2.1 Interval Uncertainty 2.2 Robustness on Interval JSP 3 An Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm 3.1 Employed Bee Phase 3.2 Onlooker Bee Phase 3.3 Scout Bee Phase 4 Experimental Results 5 Conclusions References Energy Minimization vs. Deep Learning Approaches for Protein Structure Prediction 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Rosetta Ab Initio Protocol 2.2 HybridDE and CrowdingDE PSP Approaches 2.3 AlphaFold and RoseTTAFold 3 Results 3.1 Setup of the PSP Approaches 3.2 Examples with PDB Proteins 4 Discussion and Conclusions References Constructing Ensembles of Dispatching Rules for Multi-objective Problems 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Background 3.1 Unrelated Machines Environment 3.2 Automatic Design of DRs with GP 4 Designing Ensembles for MO Problems 4.1 Ensemble Construction 4.2 Ensemble Combination 5 Experimental Analysis 5.1 Setup 5.2 Optimising the R|rj|Cmax, Cw, Twt Problem 6 Conclusion References Building Heuristics and Ensembles for the Travel Salesman Problem 1 Introduction 2 The Travel Salesman Problem and Solving Method 3 Building Heuristics and Ensembles 3.1 Genetic Programming 3.2 The Genetic Algorithm 3.3 The GP and GA Fitness Functions 4 Experimental Study 4.1 Preliminaries 4.2 Results 5 Conclusions and Future Work References Reducing Energy Consumption in Fuzzy Flexible Job Shops Using Memetic Search 1 Introduction 2 Problem Formulation 3 Memetic Algorithm 4 Experimental Results 5 Conclusions References Machine Learning in Computer Vision and Robotics Enhanced Image Segmentation by a Novel Test Time Augmentation and Super-Resolution 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Encoding Generative Adversarial Networks for Defense Against Image Classification Attacks 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Experimental Results 3.1 Methods 3.2 Dataset 3.3 Architecture and Parameter Selection 3.4 Results 4 Conclusions References Anomalous Trajectory Detection for Automated Traffic Video Surveillance 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Experimental Results 3.1 Methods 3.2 Dataset 3.3 Results 4 Conclusions References Defining High Risk Landslide Areas Using Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Study Area 3 Methodology 4 Experimentation 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusions and Future Work References Landslide Prediction with Machine Learning and Time Windows 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Experimentation and Results 4 Conclusions and Future Work References Live TV Streaming Latency Measurement Using YOLO 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 System Architecture 4 Results 5 Conclusions References Analysis of Functional Connectome Pipelines for the Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Dataset 2.2 Functional Preprocessing Pipelines 2.3 Machine Learning Methods 3 Experimental Results 4 Conclusions References A Novel Continual Learning Approach for Competitive Neural Networks 1 Introduction 2 The Model 3 Experimental Results 3.1 Dataset 3.2 Results 4 Conclusions References SCASA: From Synthetic to Real Computer-Aided Sperm Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Our Proposal 4 Experiments 5 Conclusions References Inter-session Transfer Learning in MI Based BCI for Controlling a Lower-Limb Exoskeleton 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Subjects 2.2 Equipment 2.3 Experimental Setup 2.4 BCI 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Autonomous Knowledge Representation for Efficient Skill Learning in Cognitive Robots 1 Introduction 2 e-MDB Cognitive Architecture 3 SRL in the e-MDB 3.1 State Representation Learning 3.2 World and Utility Model Learning 3.3 Policy Learning 3.4 Decision Processes 4 Real Robot Experiment 5 Conclusions References Autonomous Robot Navigation by Area Centroid Algorithm Using Depth Cameras 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement 3 Methodology 3.1 Depth Map Camera 3.2 Images Under Study 3.3 Conclusions of the Imaging Study 3.4 Advance Polygon Generation 4 Experiments Results 5 Conclusions and Future Work 5.1 Conclusions 5.2 Future Work References Deep Learning Data Augmentation Techniques for Speech Emotion Recognition and Deep Learning 1 Introduction 2 Data Augmentation Techniques 2.1 Tempo Perturbation 2.2 Vocal Tract Length Perturbation 2.3 Speed Perturbation 2.4 Additive White Gaussian Noise 3 Deep Neural Network Architecture 4 Design of Experiments and Dataset 5 Experimental Results 6 Conclusions and Further Work References Deep Learning Artwork Style Prediction and Similarity Detection 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methods and Materials 3.1 Dataset 3.2 Models 4 Experiments 4.1 Style Prediction Results 4.2 Style Similarity Relations from the Confusion Matrix 5 Conclusions and Future Work References Handwritten Word Recognition on the Fundación-Osborne Dataset 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Material and Methods 3.1 Network Architecture 3.2 Datasets 3.3 Data Preprocessing 4 Experiments and Results 4.1 Implementation Details 4.2 Training Process 4.3 Analysis of Results 5 Conclusions References Automatic Annotation for Weakly Supervised Pedestrian Detection 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Experimental Setup 3.1 Dataset 3.2 Neural Network Architecture 3.3 Proposed Method 4 Experimental Analysis 4.1 Dataset Variations 4.2 Detection Network Comparison 4.3 Detection Filtering Comparison 5 Conclusions and Future Work References Explaining CNN Classifications by Propositional Rules Generated from DCT Feature Maps 1 Introduction 2 Models 2.1 CNN Architecture 2.2 Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) 2.3 DIMLP Networks 3 Experiments 3.1 First Series of Experiments 3.2 Second Series of Experiments 4 Conclusion References Non-analytical Reasoning Assisted Deep Reinforcement Learning 1 Introduction 2 Non-analytical Reasoning 2.1 Intuition 2.2 Insight 3 Solving Montezuma's Revenge Using Pixel Context Based Heuristics 3.1 Environmental Setup 3.2 Deep Reinforcement Learning with Reward Shaping 3.3 Image to Reward Conversion 4 Experiments 4.1 Testing 4.2 Skull Jump with Pixel Based Rewards 4.3 Key-Grab with Pixel Based Rewards 5 Conclusion References Double-Layer Stacked Denoising Autoencoders for Regression 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Experiments and Their Results 3.1 Datasets 3.2 Dataset Preprocessing 3.3 Machine Design Processes 4 Discussion of the Experimental Results 5 Conclusions References Deep Layout Extraction Applied to Historical Postcards 1 Introduction 2 Layout Extraction Applied Historical Document Images 3 Historical Postcard Dataset 4 Semantic Segmentation Architecture 5 Experimental Results 6 Conclusion References Detection of Unknown Defects in Semiconductor Materials from a Hybrid Deep and Machine Learning Approach 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Data 2.2 ResNet50 2.3 GMM 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions and Future Work References Using Temporal Information in Deep Learning Architectures to Improve Lane Detection Under Adverse Situations 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Training 3.1 Dataset 3.2 Data Augmentation 3.3 Loss and Optimizer 4 Results 4.1 Metrics 4.2 Performance 5 Conclusions References Improvement of Fixation Elements Detection in Aircraft Manufacturing 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Dataset 2.2 Proposed Approach 2.3 Experimental Setup 3 Results 4 Discussion and Conclusions References A New Artificial Intelligence Approach for the Radiographic Classification of Sacroiliitis 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Imaging Pre-processing 2.2 Model Training 2.3 Model Architecture 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions and Future Development References Deep Reinforcement Learning in Agents' Training: Unity ML-Agents 1 Introduction 2 AI and Games 3 Game Scenario as Environment for Reinforcement Learning 3.1 Enemy Training Using the PPO Algorithm Implementation of ML-Agents 3.2 Enemy Training Using a Custom Algorithm 4 Conclusions and Future Work References Artificial Intelligence Applications Basic Arithmetic Calculations Through Virus-Based Machines 1 Introduction 2 Virus Machines 3 Arithmetic Operation Modules 3.1 Add Module 3.2 Sub Module 3.3 Mul Module 3.4 Quotient Module 3.5 Remainder Module 4 Conclusions and Future Work References An Efficient and Rotation Invariant Fourier-Based Metric for Assessing the Quality of Images Created by Generative Models 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Experimental Setup 4 Evaluation 4.1 Response to Image Distortions 4.2 Behaviour During Training 4.3 Performance Analysis 5 Conclusions and Future Work References A First-in-Class Block-Based Programming Language Distance Calculation 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Research Context and Technological Choices 2.2 User Experience with Scratch 2.3 Distance Calculation for Block-Based Programming Languages 3 Results 4 Discussion References An Approach to Emotions Through Lexical Availability 1 Introduction 2 The Model 3 Scope of the Work 4 Results 4.1 Primary Exploration of ML over the Problem 4.2 Use of AutoML over the Problem 4.3 MLP Vs AutoML Comparison 5 Conclusions and Future Work References A Bacteria-Based Metaheuristic as a Tool for Group Formation 1 Introduction 2 The Problem 2.1 Collaborative Groups Based on Specific Tests 2.2 Collaborative Groups Based on Lexical Availability 3 The Model 4 Bacteria Algorithm 5 Results 6 Conclusions References KANT: A Tool for Grounding and Knowledge Management 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Knowledge Management Engine 3.1 PDDL Abstractions in KANT 3.2 Implementation Overview 4 Evaluation Procedure 4.1 Results 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions References Clustering of COVID-19 Time Series Incidence Intensity in Andalusia, Spain 1 Introduction 2 Data Description and Processing 3 Clustering 4 Experimental Settings and Results 4.1 Experimental Settings 4.2 Results 4.3 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Triage Prediction of a Real Dataset of COVID-19 Patients in Alava 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methods 3.1 Ethical Approval and Patient Consent 3.2 Normalization of the Age Dependent Variables 3.3 Class Balancing 4 Experimental Design 4.1 Classifiers 4.2 Process 5 Results 6 Conclusions References Vision-Based Human Posture Detection from a Virtual Home-Care Unmanned Aerial Vehicle 1 Introduction 2 Monitoring Dependent People at Home from UAVs 3 Computer Vision Algorithms 3.1 MediaPipe 3.2 Human Detection 3.3 Posture Detection 4 Preliminary Results 5 Conclusions References Development and Validation of a Novel Technology for Postural Analysis and Human Kinematics 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Manual Goniometry 2.2 Automatic Measurements 2.3 Data Collection 2.4 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 3.1 Software Joint Position Stability 4 Discussion 4.1 Validation Method 4.2 Advantages and Applications References Multi-agent LoRaWAN Network for End-of-Life Management of Electric Vehicle Batteries 1 Introduction 2 Multi-agent LoRaWAN Network Management 2.1 LoRa and LoRaWAN 2.2 Architecture and Components 2.3 Resource-Allocation Algorithm 3 EoL Management of Electric Vehicle Batteries 3.1 System Setup and Results 4 Conclusions References Spatial Frames of Reference and Action: A Study with Evolved Neuro-agents 1 Introduction 2 Material and Method 2.1 The Task 2.2 The Evolutionary Algorithm 2.3 The Autoencoder 3 Results 4 Conclusions and Future Directions References Multi-Agent Systems in Support of Digital Twins: A Survey 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Methodology 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Automatic Selection of Financial Ratios by Means of Differential Evolution and for Predicting Business Insolvency 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Differential Evolution 2.2 Financial Ratios and Dataset of Companies 3 Results 3.1 Setup of the Experiments 3.2 Classification Accuracies in the Different Test Variants 3.3 Accuracies with an ANN Model and the Selected Ratios 4 Discussion and Conclusions References Feature Ranking for Feature Sorting and Feature Selection: FR4(FS)2 1 Introduction 2 Attribute Selection 3 The Proposed Methodology 4 Experimental Results 5 Conclusions References A Computational Drug Repositioning Method for Rare Diseases 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Data Acquisition and Integration 2.2 Methodological Analysis 2.3 Pathways for Disease Selection 2.4 Drug Repositioning 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Computational Drug Repositioning 3.2 Validation of Results in Clinical Trials 4 Conclusions References Doughnut Computing in City Planning for Achieving Human and Planetary Rights 1 Motivation 2 Main Goals 2.1 Doughnut Economics 3 Proof of Concept 3.1 Process 4 Computational Methodology and Tools 4.1 Planning Example 5 Conclusion References Temperature Control and Monitoring System for Electrical Power Transformers Using Thermal Imaging 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Thermal Camera-Based Monitoring System 2.2 Image Processing 3 Experiments and Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Visual Parking Space Estimation Using Detection Networks and Rule-Based Systems 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Method 2.1 First Stage: Vehicle Detections 2.2 Second Stage: Rule-Based Decisions 3 Experiments 3.1 Dataset 3.2 Metrics 3.3 Comparison of Object Detection Networks 3.4 Comparison of Different Strategies 4 Conclusions References Correction to: Real-Life Validation of Emotion Detection System with Wearables Correction to: Chapter “Real-Life Validation of Emotion Detection System with Wearables” in: J. M. Ferrández Vicente et al. (Eds.): Bio-inspired Systems and Applications: from Robotics to Ambient Intelligence, LNCS 13259, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06527-9_5 Author Index