Ethnic Skin and Hair and Other Cultural Considerations

Description

This book is written to help educate dermatologists and general physicians of the challenges involved in treating those with darker skin tones in culturally appropriate ways.  Distinctly broken up into three sections for ease of use, the reader enters the text through a series of chapters meant to introduce the physician to the anatomical structure and makeup of patient with skin of color as well as the evolution basic concepts for understanding and treatment. The second and longest section looks at diseases and cosmetic concerns covering some of the most common issues for patients with skin of color. The last section offers cultural considerations to treatment and care.  Socially conscious and comprehensive, Ethnic Skin and Hair is written by some of the leading names in dermatological treatment of skin of color, and functions as a concise and thorough tool for dermatologists at every stage in their career. Preface Contents Contributors Part I: Introduction/Overview 1: Defining Skin of Color Introduction Cultural Practices and the Dermatological Implications: An Overview Hispanic Cultural Practices and the Dermatological Implications African American Cultural Practices and the Dermatological Implications Asian Cultural Practices and the Dermatological Implications Normal Variations in Individuals with Skin of Color Pigmentary Demarcation Lines Longitudinal Melanonychia Oral Mucous Membrane Pigmentation Monogolian Spots Diagnosing Lesions in Skin of Color Discoid Lupus Erythematosus Lichen Planus Pityriasis Rosea Sarcoidosis Tinea Versicolor Atopic Dermatitis Skin Disorders More Common in Skin of Color Patients Disorders of Pigmentation Melasma Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation Erythema Dyschromicum Perstans Keloidal and Hypertrophic Scarring Disorders of the Hair and Hair Follicle Pseudofolliculitis Barbae and Acne Keloidalis Nuchae Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia Traction Alopecia Androgenetic Alopecia Conclusion References 2: Skin of Color: Biology, Physiology, Structure, and Function Clinical Effects of Changes in Skin Barrier References 3: Biology of Hair Introduction Anatomy of Hair Hair Shaft Cuticle Cortex Medulla Dermal Components Inner Root Sheath Outer Root Sheath Sebaceous Glands Muscle Blood Supply Innervation of Hair Follicle Hair Cycle Hair Follicle Density Types of Hair Follicles The Hair Follicle: An Immune Privileged Site Hair Pigmentation Age-Related Hair Changes in Pigmentation Hair Shaft Shape The Science of Hair Curl Categorizing Hair Curl Conclusion References 4: Physiology of Skin Pigmentation Overview of Skin of Color Structure and Function of Skin Stratum Basale Stratum Spinosum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Corneum Dermis Hypodermis Pigmentation in Skin of Color Hyperpigmentation Differences in SOC Versus Caucasian Skin Importance of Ethnic Skin Research References Part II: Skin Diseases and Concerns in Ethnic Skin 5: Skin Cancer Knowledge, Awareness, and Perception Epidemiology Prevention and Risk Factors Types of Skin Cancer Melanoma Superficial Spreading Melanoma Nodular Melanoma Lentigo Maligna Melanoma Acral Lentiginous Melanoma Non-melanoma Skin Cancer Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans Merkel Cell Carcinoma Treatment Skin Cancer in Skin of Color Basal Cell Carcinoma in Skin of Color Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Skin of Color Malignant Melanoma in Skin of Color Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans in Skin of Color Awareness and Perception of Skin Cancer Next Steps References 6: Other Effects of Ultraviolet Light: Photosensitivity, Photoreactivity, and Photoaging The Electromagnetic Spectrum: UVA, UVB, and VL The Biological Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation UVA UVB Biological Effects of UVB in Darker Skin Visible Light Skin Classification Systems The Clinical Effects of UVA, UVB, and VL UVA and Erythema UVA and Pigmentation UVA and Photoaging UVB and Erythema UVB-Induced Pigmentation The Impact of VL on Erythema and Pigmentation Photodermatoses Sun Protection Conclusion References 7: Inflammatory Disorders: Acne Vulgaris, Atopic Dermatitis, Seborrheic Dermatitis, Lupus Erythematosus, Dermatomyositis, and Scleroderma Acne Vulgaris Clinical Presentation Treatment Atopic Dermatitis Epidemiology Genetics and Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Treatment Seborrheic Dermatitis Clinical Presentation Treatment Lupus Erythematosus Epidemiology Pathogenesis Clinical Presentation Treatment Dermatomyositis Clinical Presentation Treatment Scleroderma Morphea Clinical Presentation Treatment Systemic Sclerosis Clinical Presentation Treatment References 8: Inflammatory Disorders: Psoriasis, Lichen Planus, Pityriasis Rosea, and Sarcoidosis Psoriasis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Treatment Lichen Planus Pathogenesis Clinical Features Treatment Pityriasis Rosea Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Treatment Sarcoidosis Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Treatment References 9: Pigmentary Disorders Disorders of Hyperpigmentation (See Table 9.1) Melasma Exogenous Ochronosis Erythema Dyschromicum Perstans Lichen Planus Pigmentosus Confluent and Reticulated Papillomatosis Prurigo Pigmentosa Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation Genetic Disorders of Hyperpigmentation Systemic Disorders Drug-Induced/Exogenous Hyperpigmentation Disorders of Hypopigmentation and Depigmentation (See Table 9.1) Tinea Versicolor Progressive Macular Hypomelanosis Leprosy Nevus Depigmentosus Idiopathic Guttate Hypomelanosis Pityriasis Alba Sarcoidosis Hypopigmented Mycosis Fungoides Vitiligo Chemical Leukoderma Genetic Disorders of Hypo-/Depigmentation Conclusion References 10: Management of Pigmentary Disorders Post-inflammatory Hypopigmentation Hypopigmented Mycosis Fungoides Pityriasis Alba Tinea Versicolor Progressive Macular Hypomelanosis Idiopathic Guttate Hypomelanosis Vitiligo Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation Melasma Lichen Planus Pigmentosus Erythema Dyschromicum Perstans Drug-Induced Hyperpigmentation Metabolic and Other Miscellaneous Causes of Hyperpigmentation (Table 10.2) References 11: Hair Loss in Women of Color Introduction Structural Differences of Hair Between Patients of Color and Caucasian Patients Hair Care Practices in Women of African Descent Alopecia Traction Alopecia Histopathology Etiology Clinical Features Differential Diagnosis Management Acquired Trichorrhexis Nodosa Etiology Clinical Features Management Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia Etiology Histopathology Clinical Features Differential Diagnosis Management Lichen Planopilaris Histopathology Clinical Presentation Differential Diagnosis Management Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia Etiology Histopathology Clinical Presentation Differential Diagnosis Management Discoid Lupus Erythematosus Histopathology Clinical Features Differential Diagnosis Management Seborrheic Dermatitis Histopathology Clinical Features Differential Diagnosis Management Conclusion References 12: Ethnic Skin Disorders Acne Keloidalis Nuchae Keloids Idiopathic Guttate Hypomelanosis Vitiligo Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia Traction Alopecia Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra Seborrheic Dermatitis References Part III: Other Considerations 13: Multicultural Competence and Other Considerations Introduction Defining Cultural Competence Understanding Bias Ethnic and Cultural barriers in Healthcare Definition of Illness Access to Care Barriers to Comprehension Barriers to Adherence Patient-Provider Interactions Interventions Aimed at Improving Ethnic and Cultural Care Provider-Centered Approaches Patient-Centered Approaches Community Outreach Approaches Health Education Approaches Additional Considerations for Vulnerable Populations Gender Identity Physical and Intellectual Limitations and Disabilities The Aging and Elderly Incarcerated Patients Homeless, Immigrant, and Refugee Patients Conclusion Citations 14: The Impact of Skin and Hair Disease in Ethnic Skin The Term “Ethnic” Charles Darwin The Classification of Man into Races The Ambiguity of the Term Caucasian Colours and Migrations Anthropology of Skin Colours Lice: Best Friends with Skin Multigenic Hypothesis for Human Pigmentation Skin Colour Evolution Physiology of Skin Colour Epidermis Dermis Eccrine Sweat Glands Apocrine Sweat Glands Sebaceous Glands Hair and Nails Physiopathology of Pigmentation Cutaneous Lines Hyperpigmentation of Palmoplantar Areas Functional Features Epidermic Hydration Thermoregulation Percutaneous Absorption Reaction to Irritants and Allergens Effects of Ultraviolet (UV) Light on Dark Skin Effects of UV on the Immune System Vitamin D Synthesis Melanogenesis Dermatoses and Skin Colour Mobile Human Population Ethnomedicine Ethnodermatology Conclusions References Index