A Companion to Nineteenth–Century Philosophy

Description

Investigate the challenging and nuanced philosophy of the long nineteenth century from Kant to Bergson Philosophy in the nineteenth century was characterized by new ways of thinking, a desperate searching for new truths. As science, art, and religion were transformed by social pressures and changing worldviews, old certainties fell away, leaving many with a terrifying sense of loss and a realization that our view of things needed to be profoundly rethought.   The Blackwell Companion to Nineteenth-Century Philosophy covers the developments, setbacks, upsets, and evolutions in the varied philosophy of the nineteenth century, beginning with an examination of Kant’s Transcendental Idealism, instrumental in the fundamental philosophical shifts that marked the beginning of this new and radical age in the history of philosophy. Guiding readers chronologically and thematically through the progression of nineteenth-century thinking, this guide emphasizes clear explanation and analysis of the core ideas of nineteenth-century philosophy in an historically transitional period. It covers the most important philosophers of the era, including Hegel, Fichte, Schopenhauer, Mill, Kierkegaard, Marx, Nietzsche, Bradley, and philosophers whose work manifests the transition from the nineteenth century into the modern era, such as Sidgwick, Peirce, Husserl, Frege and Bergson.  The study of nineteenth-century philosophy offers us insight into the origin and creation of the modern era. In this volume, readers will have access to a thorough and clear understanding of philosophy that shaped our world. Title Page Copyright Page Contents Notes on Contributors Preface Chronology of Nineteenth-Century Philosophers Timeline of Philosophers Introduction Chapter 1 Transcendental Idealism: Kant Introduction The Copernican Turn The Critical Apparatus Transcendental Strategies Transcendental Realism and Illusion Freedom and Morality The Limits of Transcendental Idealism Notes Bibliography Chapter 2 Theory of Science: Fichte, Schelling Kant, Reinhold and the Foundations of Knowledge Fichte’s Wissenschaftslehre: A Theory of Science The Fundamental Principles of the Foundations of the Entire Wissenschaftslehre Schelling’s Foundationalism Naturphilosophie and Transcendental Philosophy The Philosophical Break Notes Bibliography Chapter 3 Absolute Idealism: Hegel Introduction Hegel’s Notion of Philosophy Hegel on (Pre-)Kantian Philosophy Part I of Hegel’s System: Logic The Logic’s Part I: Being The Logic’s Part II: Essence The Logic’s Part III: The Concept Part II of Hegel’s System: Nature The Philosophy of Nature’s Part I: Mechanics The Philosophy of Nature’s Part II: Physics The Philosophy of Nature’s Part III: Organic Physics Part III of Hegel’s System: Geist The Philosophy of Geist’s Part I: Subjective Geist The Philosophy of Geist’s Part II: Objective Geist The Philosophy of Geist’s Part III: Absolute Geist Conclusion Notes Bibliography Chapter 4 The World as Will and Representation: Schopenhauer Pessimism The World as Representation The World as Will The Ideas The Will and Pessimism Salvation Conclusion Notes References Chapter 5 Historicizing Naturalism: Mill, Comte Mill, Naturalism and Knowledge Mill, Comte and the History of Knowledge Mill as a Historicist Notes Bibliography Chapter 6 The Single Individual is Higher than the Universal: Kierkegaard Kierkegaard’s Connections to Nineteenth‐Century Philosophers Ethics Epistemology Metaphysics The Future of Kierkegaard Scholarship Conclusion References Chapter 7 The Rise of Liberal Utilitarianism: Bentham, Mill Introduction Bentham’s Political Philosophy Mill’s Comments on Bentham Mill’s Debt to Bentham Conclusion Notes Bibliography Chapter 8 Critique of Religion: Strauss, Feuerbach, Marx Introduction David Friedrich Strauss Feuerbach Marx Notes References Chapter 9 Historical Materialism: Marx Introduction: Marx’s Life and Work Early Writings Theory of History Ethics Notes References Chapter 10 Philosophy and Historical Meaning: Schleiermacher, Dilthey Biographical Sketches Schleiermacher on Religion Schleiermacher’s Ethics Dilthey’s “Critique of Historical Reason” Dilthey on Ethics and Value Dilthey on Religion Conclusion Notes Bibliography Chapter 11 Late Utilitarian Moral Theory and Its Development: Sidgwick, Moore I II III IV Notes Chapter 12 American Pragmatism: Peirce, James I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Notes Bibliography Chapter 13 The Value of Our Values: Nietzsche Introduction Biography Work, Style and Methodology The Birth of Tragedy and the Death of Tragic Culture Positivism: Human, All Too Human and Daybreak The Gay Science Thus Spoke Zarathustra Beyond Good and Evil On Genealogy of Morality The Antichrist: Anti-Christianity? Ecce Homo Nietzsche’s Legacy Notes Chapter 14 British Idealism: Green, Bradley, McTaggart Introduction A Short Historical Note The British Idealists and their Antecedents What is British Idealism? A Short Note on the Reaction Against Idealism T.H. Green and the System of Relations Appearance and Reality in the Work of F.H. Bradley Notes Bibliography Chapter 15 Neo-Kantianism: Marburg, Southwest Schools Institutional and Philosophical Context Core Philosophical Principles The Two Schools of Neo-Kantianism The Marburg School of Neo-Kantianism The Southwest School of Neo‐Kantianism Notes Bibliograhy Chapter 16 The Origins of Phenomenology in Austro-German Philosophy: Brentano, Husserl Historical Background. Brentano and Nineteenth-Century European Philosophy Some General Principles of Brentano’s Philosophy The Phenomenology of Brentano and Husserl Notes Bibliography Archive Materials Chapter 17 New Logic and the Seeds of Analytic Philosophy: Boole, Frege Introduction Boole’s Contributions to Logic The Influence and Continuation of Boole’s Work Frege’s Career Frege’s Logical Symbolism and His Criticisms of Boole’s Frege’s Logical Systems Frege’s Philosophy of Mathematics Frege on Objects and the Hierarchy of Concepts Frege on Meaning and Truth Analytic Philosophy and the Impact of the New Logic References Chapter 18 Time, Memory and Creativity: Bergson The Time of Bergson’s Philosophy and Bergson’s as a Philosophy for our Time Bergson’s Philosophy Bergson’s Guiding Insight: The Time of Life The Fullness of Life, with Body and Soul Good Sense and the Existential Ethos of Bergson’s Philosophy Notes Index EULA