Patient Reported Outcomes and Quality of Life in Surgery

Description

This book provides a guide to the assessment of quality of life and patient reported outcomes measures in general surgery. The rapidly emerging field helps contextualise patients and helps the decision-making process within health economics, bedside medicine, public health, and health policy. All subspecialties of general surgery are covered, as well as the core principles of quality of life. The book aims to demonstrate how clinicians and policymakers can easily get access to a single source of patient reported outcomes measures and quality of life evidence to help them make the best-informed decisions in the field of general surgery. This book is relevant to healthcare managers, doctors, allied health professionals, healthcare scientists, consultants, healthcare economists, and medical statisticians working in healthcare. Contents 1: Quality of Life Theory What Is Quality of Life? Measuring Quality of Life and Associated Challenges Conclusion (Fig. 1.3) References 2: Statistical Methods for PROMS and QoL Introduction Models for Longitudinal Data Analysis Repeated Measures Model Growth Curve Models Statistical Analytical Methods Basic Scoring Systems Basic Statistical Analyses Mixed-Effects Models Generalised Estimating Equations Minimally Important Difference Ceiling-Floor Effects Missing Data and Imputation Methods Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) Quality Adjusted Life Years Cost-Utility Analysis Non-traditional Quality of Life Assessment Methods Limitations Conclusion References 3: Research Methods for PROMS and QoL Introduction Clinical Need for PROMs Reported Outcome Measures Measurement Scales for PROMs Types of PROMs Instrument Types of PROMs Instruments Generic Instruments Disease-Specific Instruments Other Establishing a PROMs Instrument Conclusion References 4: Methodology for Systematic Reviews on Measurement Properties of Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMS) Introduction Aim of the Chapter What Are Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) and Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) What Are the Measurement Properties of PROMs Why Perform Systematic Reviews on Measurement Properties of PROMs Current Methodology: The COSMIN Initiative Definitions and Taxonomy Performing a Systematic Review General Literature Search Evaluation of Measurement Properties Evaluation of Content Validity Evaluation of Internal Structure Evaluation of Reliability, Measurement Error, Criterion Validity, Hypotheses Testing for Construct Validity and RESPONSIVENESS Report and Selection of Most Suitable PROM Limitations and Considerations References 5: Quality of Life as Endpoint in Surgical Randomised Controlled Trials Introduction Cardiac Surgery Gastrointestinal Surgery Gynecological Surgery Discussion Conclusion (Fig. 5.2) References 6: The Role of Patient Reported Outcomes Measures (PROMS) and Health-Related Quality-of-Life (HRQoL) in Economic Analysis An Introduction to Economic Evaluation Types of Economic Analysis The Quality-Adjusted Life-Year Empirical Methods to Measure Quality-of-Life Directly Generic Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMS) to Measure Quality-of-Life The EQ-5D The SF-36 Other Generic Instruments Disease-Specific Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMS) to Measure Quality-of-Life Examples of Disease Specific PROMS Used in Economic Analysis Discussion References 7: Quality of Life Following Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Introduction Quality of Life (QoL) HRQoL After surgery HRQoL After Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Methods Search Study and Inclusion Criteria Data Extraction and Results Reporting Results Summary of Studies Quality of Life (QoL) Assessments Tools Study Heterogeneity Physical QoL Changes Mental QoL Changes QoL Post Different Procedures Discussion References 8: Quality of Life after Upper GI Surgery Introduction Esophagus Gastric Discussion Conclusions (Fig. 8.2) References 9: Patient-Reported Quality of Life After Pancreatic and Liver Surgery Introduction Methods Literature Search Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Data Extraction Data Analysis Results Study Characteristics of Studies in Pancreatic Cancer Quality of Life Assessment in Pancreatic Cancer Study Characteristics of Studies in Liver Cancer Quality of Life Assessment in Liver Cancer Discussion Patient-Reported Global Quality of Life After Pancreatic Resection Patient-Reported Global Quality of Life After Liver Resection (LR) Study Limitations Conclusion References 10: Quality of Life in Head & Neck Surgical Oncology and Thyroid Surgery Quality of Life (QoL) Instruments in Head & Neck and Thyroid Cancer Introduction Quality of Life (QoL) Instruments Discussion Organ-specific Quality of Life (QoL) Considerations in Head & Neck Surgical Oncology Quality of Life (QoL) in Laryngeal Cancer Quality of Life (QoL) in Oropharyngeal Cancer Quality of Life (QoL) in Thyroid Cancer Comparison of Quality of Life Between Different Treatments for Thyroid Cancer Robotic Versus Open Thyroidectomy Radioactive Iodine Ablation Versus Surgery Radiofrequency Ablation Versus Surgery Hemithyroidectomy Versus Total Thyroidectomy Active Surveillance Versus Surgery Conclusion References 11: Quality of Life and Patient Reported Outcomes in Breast Cancer Introduction Material and Methods Search Strategy Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Outcomes of Interest Results Selected Studies Factors Influencing HRQOL in Breast Cancer Patients Patient and Lesion Characteristics Treatment Social and Psychological Factors Physical Factors Intervention Specific Evidence of HRQOL Treatment Social and Psychological Interventions Physical Interventions Discussion Patient and Lesion Characteristics Treatment Social and Psychological Factors Physical Factors Limitations Future Research and Clinical Practice Conclusion References 12: Quality of Life After Colorectal Surgery Introduction QOL Tools in Colorectal Surgery Modular Questionnaires Specific Questionnaires Bowel Dysfunction Urogenital Dysfunction Biopsychosocial Impact of Ostomy QOL Considerations in the Management of Specific Colorectal Conditions Colorectal Cancer Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Inherited Cancer Syndromes Diverticular Disease Perianal Surgery Discussion References 13: Quality of Life After Lung Cancer Surgery Introduction Materials and Methods Search Strategy Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Outcomes of Interest and Data Extraction Results Selected Studies Study Objectives, Designs and Population Studies Comparing HRQOL Results as per Surgical Approach [Thoracotomy vs. Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic (VATS) Lung Resection vs. Robotic-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (RATS)] Studies Comparing Uniportal vs. Multi-Portal VATS Lobectomy Studies Comparing Surgical Lung Resection Vs. Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) Studies Comparing HRQOL Results as Per Extent of Resection (Sublobar, Lobectomy, Sleeve, Bilobectomy, Pneumonectomy) Studies Comparing QoL Results After Lung Resection Among Different Age Groups Studies Comparing HRQOL After Lung Resection Against Control Population or No Comparison at All Health-Related Quality-of-Life Measures Used Limitations of the Studies Conclusion References 14: Health-Related Quality of Life and Patient Reported Outcome Measures Following Transplantation Surgery Introduction Background The Role of HRQOL-PROMS in Transplantation Assessment Tools for Measuring HRQOL-PROMS in Transplantation Materials and Methods Search Strategy Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Outcomes of Interest and Data Extraction Quality Score Results HRQOL and PROMS in Kidney Transplantation Background Overall QoL Outcomes Disease-Related Symptom Burden Physical Health Outcomes Mental Health After Kidney Transplantation Employability and Social-Wellbeing Outcomes Donor Quality of Life Post-Donation Paediatric Transplantation HRQOL & PROMS in Liver Transplantation Background Overall QoL Disease-Related Symptom Burden Physical Health Mental Health Outcomes Employment and Social Outcomes Paediatric Transplantation Donor Outcomes Heart and Lung Transplantation Background Symptom-Burden and Physical Functionality After Cardiac Transplantation Psychosocial Outcomes After Cardiac Transplantation Paediatric Cardiac Transplantation Lung Transplantation Symptom-Burden and Physical Health Outcomes After Lung Transplantation Psychosocial Outcomes After Lung Transplantation Discussion & Conclusion The Patient-Specific Balance of HRQOL-PROMS and Its Significance for Value-Based Care in Transplantation References Index