Differential Diagnosis in Small Animal Cytology: The Skin and Subcutis

Description

Illustrated with high-quality photomicrographs, Differential Diagnosis in Small Animal Cytology: The Skin and Subcutis is a comprehensive resource for identifying through cytology the most common cutaneous and subcutaneous diseases of dogs and cats. With key points describing the main clinical and cytological features of each lesion, the book provides lists of differential diagnoses, including diagnostic algorithms, and handy 'hints and tips' boxes. It is also enriched by chapters on the correct use and maintenance of the microscope, and techniques of collection and preparation of cytological specimens, making the book a valuable resource for veterinary pathologists (clinical and anatomic), residents, veterinary undergraduate students and small animal practitioners. Key features: -Over 130 photomicrographs of the most common skin and subcutaneous lesions to help with diagnosis. -Ideal reference book with concise descriptions of each lesion. -Organised into key bullet points to facilitate use during diagnostic work, or as a revision aid. Cover Differential Diagnosis in Small Animal Cytology: The Skin and Subcutis Copyright Contents Authors Preface Part 1 Basic Principles of Cytology 1 Guide to the Choice and Correct Use of the Microscope 1.1 Choosing a Supplier 1.2 Parts of a Microscope Microscope head Microscope stand Eyepieces Objectives Condensers Microscope illumination 1.3 Setting up a Microscope Eyepieces Illumination Condenser diaphragm 1.4 Care of the Microscope 1.5 Taking Pictures of Microscope Images Dedicated microscope camera Commercial DSLR camera The camera/microscope interface 2 Collection, Preparation and Staining of Cytology Specimens 2.1 Materials 2.2 Sampling Techniques Fine-needle sampling with aspiration Fine-needle sampling without aspiration Imprint Swab 2.3 Smear Preparation Techniques Squash preparation Blood smear technique Line smear technique Centrifugation 2.4 Slide Staining 3 Guidelines to Cytology Smear Examination 3.1 Step-by-step Approach to the Slide Examination and Description Step 1: Low-power magnification (4×, 10×, 20×) Step 2: High-power magnification (40×, 50×, 100×) 3.2 Interpretation of the Cytological Findings Comment 4 Cytological Criteria of Malignancy 4.1 General Criteria of Malignancy 4.2 Nuclear Criteria 4.3 Cytoplasmic Criteria Part 2 Cytology of Skin and Subcutis 5 Skin and Subcutis Anatomy 5.1 Main Components of the Skin and Subcutis Epidermis Dermis Subcutis Adnexa 5.2 Main Cell Types Observed on Cytology Epithelial elements Mesenchymal elements 6 Inflammatory Lesions 6.1 Neutrophilic Inflammation General information Cytological features Causes 6.2 Macrophagic Inflammation General information Cytological features Causes 6.3 Eosinophilic Inflammation General information Cytological features Causes 6.4 Lymphocytic Inflammation General information Cytological features Causes 6.5 Inflammation Caused by Infectious Agents General information Bacterial infections Fungal, yeasts or algae infections Protozoal infections Parasitic infections 6.6 Panniculitis Clinical features Cytological features 6.7 Xanthoma Clinical features Cytological features 6.8 Injection Site and Foreign Body Reaction Clinical features Cytological features 6.9 Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) Clinical features Cytological features 7 Cysts, Tumour-like Lesions and Response to Tissue Injury 7.1 Follicular Cysts Clinical features Cytological features Variants 7.2 (Sweat Gland) Apocrine Cyst Clinical features Cytological features 7.3 Fibroadnexal Hamartoma Clinical features Cytological features 7.4 Haematoma and Haemorrhage Clinical features Cytological features Causes 7.5 Necrosis Clinical features Cytological findings Causes 7.6 Calcinosis Cytological features 7.7 Granulation Tissue Clinical features Cytological features 7.8 Nodular Fasciitis Clinical features Cytological features 8 Epithelial Tumours Cytological diagnosis of cutaneous epithelial lesions Key cytological features 8.1 Tumours without Epidermal or Adnexal Differentiation Basal cell tumour and basal cell carcinoma Clinical features Cytological features 8.2 Epidermal Tumours Papilloma Clinical features Cytological features Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) Clinical features Cytological features Variants 8.3 Follicular Tumours Trichoblastoma Clinical features Cytological features Variants Trichoepithelioma Clinical features Cytological features Infundibular keratinizing acanthoma (IKA) (dog) Clinical features Cytological features Pilomatricoma Clinical features Cytological features 8.4 Sebaceous Tumours Sebaceous adenoma, epithelioma and carcinoma Clinical features Cytological features Perianal gland adenoma, epithelioma and carcinoma (dog) Clinical features Cytological features 8.5 Apocrine Gland Tumours Sweat gland adenoma and carcinoma Clinical features Cytological features Ceruminous gland adenoma and carcinoma Clinical features Cytological features Anal sac adenocarcinoma (ASAC) Clinical features Cytological features Variants 8.6 Clear Cell Adnexal Carcinoma (Dog) Clinical features Cytological features 8.7 Merkel Cell Tumour Clinical features Cytological features 8.8 Diagnostic Algorithms 9 Mesenchymal Tumours and Other Neoplasms Cytological diagnosis of cutaneous mesenchymal lesions Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) Grading of soft tissue sarcomas 9.1 Mesenchymal Tumours Fibroma and fibrosarcoma Clinical features Cytological features Myxoma and myxosarcoma Clinical features Cytological features Keloidal fibroma and fibrosarcoma Clinical features Cytological features Perivascular wall tumours (PWTs) Clinical features Cytological features Lipoma Clinical features Cytological features Variants Liposarcoma Clinical features Cytological features Variants Haemangioma Clinical features Cytological features Variants Haemangiosarcoma Clinical features Cytological features Variants Anaplastic sarcoma with giant cells and pleomorphic sarcoma Clinical features Cytological features Variants Injection site sarcoma Clinical features Cytological features Rhabdomyoma and rhabdomyosarcoma Clinical features Cytological features Variants 9.2 Histiocytic Tumours Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) Clinical features Cytological features Feline progressive dendritic cell histiocytosis (FPH) Clinical features Cytological features Other canine histiocytic disorders Clinical features Cytological features 9.3 Melanocytic Tumours Clinical features Cytological features Variants 10 Round Cell Tumours Cytological diagnosis of cutaneous round cell tumours 10.1 Canine mast cell tumour (canine MCT) Clinical features Cytological features 10.2 Feline mast Cell Tumour (feline MCT) Clinical features Cytological features Variants 10.3 Cutaneous histiocytoma (dog) Clinical features Cytological features 10.4 Plasma cell tumour Clinical features Cytological features 10.5 Transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) Clinical features Cytological features 10.6 Cutaneous lymphoma Clinical features Cytological features 11 Metastatic Lesions General information Cytological features 12 Suggested Further Reading and References Back Cover